The role of cellular senescence in ageing and endocrine disease
Open accessAbstract
With the ageing of the global population, interest is growing in the 'geroscience hypothesis', which posits that manipulation of fundamental ageing mechanisms will delay (in parallel) the appearance or severity of multiple chronic, non-communicable diseases, as these diseases share the same underlying risk factor - namely, ageing. In this context, cellular senescence has received considerable attention as a potential target in preventing or treating multiple age-related diseases and increasing healthspan. Here we review mechanisms of cellular senescence and approaches to target this pathway therapeutically using 'senolytic' drugs that kill senescent cells or inhibitors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Furthermore, we highlight the evidence that cellular senescence has a causative role in multiple diseases associated with ageing. Finally, we focus on the role of cellular senescence in a number of endocrine diseases, including osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as other endocrine conditions. Although much remains to be done, considerable preclinical evidence is now leading to the initiation of proof-of-concept clinical trials using senolytics for several endocrine and non-endocrine diseases.
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Immune clearance of remaining senescent cells could be especially important for older individuals or those with chronic diseases who already have high senescent cell burden.
“This could be especially important for older individuals or those with chronic diseases, who already have a high systemic senescent cell burden24,128.”
From Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic (2022) · cites this paper as [128]
The ‘Physiological relevance of cellular senescence’ section reports that senescent cells increase with age, and ‘Cellular senescence in ageing’ reports accelerated local or systemic accumulation across a broad range of human diseases. The paper also suggests that removing persistent senescent cells might reduce dysfunction. It does not establish that older people or people with chronic diseases generally have a high *systemic* burden, or specifically recommend immune clearance for them; ‘Markers of cellular senescence’ says it is unclear whether local measurements reflect overall burden. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOsteoblasts are among the major cell types known to undergo cellular senescence during aging.
“Osteoblasts are among the major cell types known to undergo cellular senescence during aging52,60.”
From Serum amyloid P secreted by bone marrow adipocytes drives skeletal amyloidosis (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
Cellular senescence is a driver of aging and aging-related conditions.
“Over the past decade, mounting evidence highlights cellular senescence, a cell fate in response to diverse forms of molecular and cellular damage, as a driver of aging and aging-related conditions.”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Genetic and pharmacological clearance of senescent cells confers therapeutic benefits in models of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, lung fibrosis, and other age-related conditions.
“Correspondingly, genetic and pharmacological clearance of senescent cells confers therapeutic benefits in models of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, lung fibrosis, and a number of other age-related conditions (12).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
With advancing age, senescent cells accumulate and are enriched at anatomical sites of disease, where they compromise the structure and function of multiple organs.
“With advancing age, senescent cells accumulate and are enriched at anatomical sites of disease, where they compromise the structure and function of multiple organs.”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic
Chaib, S., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01923-y · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Self-citationA new gene set identifies senescent cells and predicts senescence-associated pathways across tissues
Saul, D., Kosinsky, R. L., Atkinson, E. J., Doolittle, M. L., Zhang, X., LeBrasseur, N. K., Pignolo, R. J., Robbins, P. D., Niedernhofer, L. J., Ikeno, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32552-1 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies for targeting senescent cells in human disease
Gasek, N. S., Kuchel, G. A., Kirkland, J. L., & Xu, M. (2021) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-021-00121-8 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Self-citationLópez-Otín, C., & Kroemer, G. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis
Song, S., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., & Fu, D. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108168 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies
Hägg, S., & Jylhävä, J. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.63425 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues
Suryadevara, V., Hudgins, A. D., Rajesh, A., Pappalardo, A., Karpova, A., Dey, A. K., Hertzel, A., Agudelo, A., Rocha, A., Soygur, B., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-024-00738-8 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
“We refer the readers to the many Review articles that cover topics such as the links between cellular senescence, metastatic cancer 267 and endocrine diseases 268 , and the current status of the search for senolytics 269 .”
Self-citationThe flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice
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Self-citationClearance of senescent macrophages ameliorates tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven lung cancer
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Characterization of cellular senescence in aging skeletal muscle
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Self-citationSenescent immune cells release grancalcin to promote skeletal aging
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Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence
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Self-citationTchkonia, T., Palmer, A. K., & Kirkland, J. L. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa728 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting Senescent Cells for a Healthier Aging: Challenges and Opportunities
Song, S., Tchkonia, T., Jiang, J., Kirkland, J. L., & Sun, Y. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202002611 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationChandra, A., Lagnado, A. B., Farr, J. N., Doolittle, M., Tchkonia, T., Kirkland, J. L., LeBrasseur, N. K., Robbins, P. D., Niedernhofer, L. J., Ikeno, Y., et al. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13602 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationTripathi, U., Misra, A., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111548 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationZoico, E., Nori, N., Darra, E., Tebon, M., Rizzatti, V., Policastro, G., De Caro, A., Rossi, A. P., Fantin, F., & Zamboni, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02544-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
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Self-citationLocal senolysis in aged mice only partially replicates the benefits of systemic senolysis
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Self-citationA Blueprint for Characterizing Senescence
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Modulation of fracture healing by the transient accumulation of senescent cells
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Self-citationAdvancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence
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Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells
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Self-citationHow does adipose tissue contribute to inflammageing?
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Role of senescence in the chronic health consequences of COVID-19
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Self-citationSenopathies-Diseases Associated with Cellular Senescence
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Self-citationSerum amyloid P secreted by bone marrow adipocytes drives skeletal amyloidosis
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De Fano, M., Bartolini, D., Tortoioli, C., Vermigli, C., Malara, M., Galli, F., & Murdolo, G. (2022) · doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0011.v1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khosla, S., Farr, J. N., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Khosla, Sundeep
- Kirkland, James L.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2020-03-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 263-275
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- PMC
- PMC7227781
- OpenAlex
- W3011207561
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 33
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG004875, R01AG013925, R33AG061456, R37AG013925, P01AG062413)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK128552)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K01AR070241, R01AR027065)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- cellular senescence, aging, endocrine disorders, senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, healthspan, age-related chronic diseases
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Risk Factors, Cellular Senescence
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