Chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries: An approach by multi-analytical techniques
Abstract
Mineral processing operation is a critical step in any recycling process to realize liberation, separation and concentration of the target parts. Developing effective recycling methods to recover all the valuable parts from spent lithium-ion batteries is in great necessity. The aim of this study is to carefully undertake chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries by coupling several analytical techniques to provide basic information for the researches on effective mechanical crushing and separation methods in recycling process. The results show that the grade of Co, Cu and Al is fairly high in spent lithium ion batteries and up to 17.62 wt.%, 7.17 wt.% and 21.60 wt.%. Spent lithium-ion batteries have good selective crushing property, the crushed products could be divided into three parts, they are Al-enriched fraction (+2 mm), Cu and Al-enriched fraction (-2+0.25 mm) and Co and graphite-enriched fraction (-0.25 mm). The mineral phase and chemical state analysis reveal the electrode materials recovered from -0.25 mm size fraction keep the original crystal forms and chemical states in lithium-ion batteries, but the surface of the powders has been coated by a certain kind of hydrocarbon. Based on these results a flowsheet to recycle spent LiBs is proposed.
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Short contacts between the opposite electrodes are averted using the cathode-anode separator element.
“Short contacts between the opposite electrodes are also averted using the cathode-anode separator element [60].”
From Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain and Critical Materials: A Brief Survey of State of the Art (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Zhang, T., He, Y., Wang, F., Ge, L., Zhu, X., & Li, H.
- Affiliations
- China University of Mining and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Yaqun
- Venue
- Waste Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1051-1058
- ISSN
- 0956-053X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971707472
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 10.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waste Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mineral Processing and Grinding
- Keywords
- spent lithium-ion batteries, battery recycling, process mineralogy, chemical characterization, mechanical separation, cobalt recovery, copper recovery, aluminum recovery, graphite, electrode materials
- MeSH terms
- Lithium, Electric Power Supplies, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Recycling
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