Echelon Utilization of Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Prospects
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The explosion of electric vehicles (EVs) has triggered massive growth in power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The primary issue that follows is how to dispose of such large-scale retired LIBs. The echelon utilization of retired LIBs is gradually occupying a research hotspot. Solving the issue of echelon utilization of large-scale retired power LIBs brings not only huge economic but also produces rich environmental benefits. This study systematically examines the current challenges of the cascade utilization of retired power LIBs and prospectively points out broad prospects. Firstly, the treatments of retired power LIBs are introduced, and the performance evaluation methods and sorting and regrouping methods of retired power LIBs are comprehensively reviewed for echelon utilization. Then, the problems faced by the scenario planning and economic research of the echelon utilization of retired power LIBs are analyzed, and value propositions are put forward. Secondly, this study summarizes the technical challenges faced by echelon utilization in terms of security, performance evaluation methods, supply and demand chain construction, regulations, and certifications. Finally, the future research prospects of echelon utilization are discussed. In the foreseeable future, technologies such as standardization, cloud technology, and blockchain are urgently needed to maximize the industrialization of the echelon utilization of retired power LIBs.
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Typically, a used EV battery has more than 80% of its usable capacity for reuse in secondary applications.
“Typically, a used EV battery has more than 80% of its usable capacity for reuse in secondary applications [57].”
From Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain and Critical Materials: A Brief Survey of State of the Art (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
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Li, Y., Garg, A., Shevya, S., Li, W., Gao, L., & Lam, J. S. L. (2021) · Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage · doi:10.1115/1.4051802 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Guo, D.; Yang, G.; Zhao, G.; Yi, M.; Feng, X.; Han, X.; Lu, L.; Ouyang, M. Determination of the Differential Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries by the Deconvolution of Electrochemical Impedance Spectra. Energies 2020, 13, 915. [CrossRef] · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain and Critical Materials: A Brief Survey of State of the Art
Barman, P., Dutta, L., & Azzopardi, B. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16083369 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wang, N., Garg, A., Su, S., Mou, J., Gao, L., & Li, W.
- Affiliations
- Chongqing University (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology (CN)
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Yantai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Wei
- Venue
- Batteries
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-18
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 96
- ISSN
- 2313-0105 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4293791130
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Batteries (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Innovation Program of “Chengdu-Chongqing Double City Economic Circle Construction” (KJCXZD2020013, XmT2020115, 2020M683237)
- Special Funding for Postdoctoral Research Program in Chongqing (KJCXZD2020013, XmT2020115, 2020M683237)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (KJCXZD2020013, XmT2020115, 2020M683237)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Keywords
- cascade utilization, battery recycling, electric vehicle batteries, supply chain construction, battery safety, blockchain, standardization, cloud technologies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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