Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Recommendations for Future Research
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women in both prevalence and severity; however, the biologic mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not fully understood. Sex differences in the brain, such as in brain anatomy, age-related declines in brain volume, and brain glucose metabolism, have been documented and may be important in understanding AD etiology. The full impact of sex as a basic biologic variable on this neurodegenerative disease remains elusive. To address the evidence for sex differences in AD, the Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR) convened an interdisciplinary roundtable of experts from academia, clinical medicine, industry, and the government to discuss the state-of-the-science in sex and gender differences in AD. Roundtable participants were asked to address gaps in our knowledge and identify specific sex-based research questions for future areas of study.
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It is unclear whether genetic risk operates differently in women and men in the development of, or susceptibility to, Alzheimer's pathology.
“It is unclear whether genetic risk operates differently in women and men in the development of, or susceptibility to, Alzheimer's pathology.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [310]
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- Authors
- Carter, C. L., Resnick, E. M., Mallampalli, M., & Kalbarczyk, A.
- Affiliations
- Society for Women's Health Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carter, Christine L.
- Venue
- Journal of Women's Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1018-1023
- ISSN
- 1059-7115 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9996
- 1931-843X
- OpenAlex
- W2160236532
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, sex differences, gender differences, women's health, neuroanatomy, brain glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, research priorities, sex as a biological variable
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Congresses as Topic, Female, Humans, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Societies, Medical, Women's Health, Biomedical Research
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