CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 446Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

C-reactive protein concentration in children: relationship to adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors

Cook, Derek G, Mendall, Mike A, Whincup, Peter H, Carey, Iain M, Ballam, Lydia, Morris, Julia E, Miller, George J, Strachan, David P·2000·Atherosclerosis
DOI 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00312-3
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Whether or not C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts heart disease in adults because it is a marker of damage or atherosclerosis is difficult to assess. In children, there is no confounding with coronary disease or active smoking. We measured CRP in 699 children aged 10-11 years. CRP levels were 47% higher in girls than boys, and rose with age by 15%/year. CRP levels were 270% (95% CI, 155-439%) higher in the top fifth than the bottom fifth of Ponderal index (weight/height(3)). After adjustment, CRP levels remained 104% (95% CI, 23-236%) higher in the 56 children of South Asian origin. CRP was unrelated to: birth weight, height, social class, Helicobacter pylori infection or passive smoke exposure. CRP was correlated with several cardiovascular risk factors, but only fibrinogen (r = 0.33, P = 0.0001), HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.13, P = 0.0006), heart rate (r = 0.12, P = 0.002) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.08, P = 0.02) remained statistically significant after adjustment. We conclude that adiposity is the major determinant of CRP levels in children while physical fitness has a small independent effect. The strong relationships with fibrinogen and HDL-cholesterol suggest a role for inflammation throughout life in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these associations reflect long term elevations of these risk factors in some individuals, or short term fluctuations in different individuals.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00312-3

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • A combination of L. gasseri CECT5714 and L. coryniformis CECT5711 with Staphylococcus thermophilus for two or four weeks had no effect on serum TNF-α or IL-12 concentrations in healthy adults aged 23-43 years.

    “Likewise, the combination of L. gasseri CECT5714 and L. coryniformis CECT5711 (2 £ 10 9 CFU of each/d) with Staphylococcus thermophilus (10 8 CFU/d) for 2 or 4 weeks had no effect on serum TNF-a or IL-12 concentrations in healthy adults aged 23-43 years (830,831) .”

    From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [831]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Cook, D. G., Mendall, M. A., Whincup, P. H., Carey, I. M., Ballam, L., Morris, J. E., Miller, G. J., & Strachan, D. P.
Affiliations
  • St George's, University of London (GB)
  • The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Cook, Derek G
ORCID
Venue
Atherosclerosis
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-03
Volume
149
Issue
1
Pages
139-150
ISSN
0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00312-3
OpenAlex
W2075826908
Cited by
446
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 17
FWCI
13.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
C-reactive protein, childhood adiposity, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, fibrinogen, HDL cholesterol, physical fitness, South Asian children, sex differences, ponderal index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, Helicobacter pylori infection, passive smoking
MeSH terms
C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Obesity, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biomarkers, Comorbidity, Linear Models, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review