CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 662Cardiac Health and Mental HealthCardiac and Coronary Surgery TechniquesCardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes

Depression as a risk factor for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery

Blumenthal, James A, Lett, Heather S, Babyak, Michael A, White, William, Smith, Peter K, Mark, Daniel B, Jones, Robert, Mathew, Joseph P +1 more·2003·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14190-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Studies that have shown clinical depression to be a risk factor for cardiac events after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have had small sample sizes, short follow-up, and have not had adequate power to assess mortality. We sought to assess whether depression is associated with an increased risk of mortality.Methods We assessed 817 patients undergoing CABG at Duke University Medical Center between May, 1989, and May, 2001. Patients completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale before surgery, 6 months after CABG, and were followed-up for up to 12 years.Findings In 817 patients there were 122 deaths (15%) in a mean follow-up of 5.2 years. 310 patients (38%) met the criterion for depression (CES-D > or =16): 213 (26%) for mild depression (CES-D 16-26) and 97 (12%) for moderate to severe depression (CES-D > or =27). Survival analyses, controlling for age, sex, number of grafts, diabetes, smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction, and previous myocardial infarction, showed that patients with moderate to severe depression at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, [95% CI 1.4-4.0]; p=0.001) and mild or moderate to severe depression that persisted from baseline to 6 months (adjusted HR 2.2, [1.2-4.2]; p=0.015) had higher rates of death than did those with no depression.Interpretation Despite advances in surgical and medical management of patients after CABG, depression is an important independent predictor of death after CABG and should be carefully monitored and treated if necessary.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14190-6

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Of the 50 highest-quality risky sexual activity studies, 42 (84%) reported inverse relationships and none found a positive one.

    “Of the 50 highest quality studies, 42 (84%) reported inverse relationships [333–343] and none found a positive one.”

    From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [342]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Blumenthal, J. A., Lett, H. S., Babyak, M. A., White, W., Smith, P. K., Mark, D. B., Jones, R., Mathew, J. P., & Newman, M. F.
Affiliations
Duke Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Blumenthal, James A
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-08
Volume
362
Issue
9384
Pages
604-609
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14190-6
OpenAlex
W2087074693
Cited by
662
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 42
FWCI
19.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL59672, R01HL059672)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH49679, R01MH049679)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000030)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Keywords
depression, coronary artery bypass grafting, postoperative mortality, risk factors, long-term survival, CES-D scale, cardiac surgery outcomes, psychological comorbidity
MeSH terms
Coronary Artery Bypass, Cause of Death, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Proportional Hazards Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review