The true trigger of shame: social devaluation is sufficient, wrongdoing is unnecessary
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Shame is elicited by predictive cues of social devaluation, such as being told one would be excluded by others, regardless of whether they acted in a morally transgressive way.
“Experimental research has also shown that shame is elicited by predictive cues of social devaluation, such as being told one would be excluded by others, regardless of whether they acted in a morally transgressive way”
When people are informed that social devaluation has occurred, or perceive that it could occur, shame is triggered to organize their behavior around mitigating their loss of social standing and reducing risk of ostracism.
“When people are informed that social devaluation has occurred, or perceive that it could occur, shame is triggered to organize their behavior around mitigating their loss of social standing and reducing risk of ostracism (91).”
The experience of shame is intimately tied to one's sense of threatened social cohesion rather than specific social behaviors.
“suggesting the experience of shame is intimately tied to one's sense of threatened social cohesion rather than specific social behaviors (91).”
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ShamePreprint
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Diéguez, S. (2018) · Cerveau & Psycho · doi:10.3917/cerpsy.105.0094
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Hansen, K. J. (2022) · Politica · doi:10.7146/politica.v54i1.130591
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Lange, L. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39543-8_10
Ohtsubo, Y., & Smith, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544754.013.43
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Schrock, J. M. (2019) · doi:10.64628/aai.4vk7rweu9
O’Brien, E. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683251362280
Gkinopoulos, T., Kossowska, M., & Walther, E. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102193
Castro, I., & Fernández, S. (2026) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672261418066
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Sellers, S., & Rogers, G. (2026) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/24732850.2026.2628989
Cross-cultural evidence that shame is a defense against reputational damage
Argaman, Y., Sznycer, D., Crusius, J., van Leeuwen, F., Ohtsubo, Y., Ishihara, H., Zhuang, J.-Y., Zhou, Q.-J., Castelain, T., NETO, F. M. A., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2526787123
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Bae, S. Y. (2026) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-026-00838-8
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McConachy, T. (2026) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.70374
Chandra, M. H., Ibrahim, D., Harun, M., Cholidi, C., & Jamil, S. (2026) · FIKRI Jurnal Kajian Agama Sosial dan Budaya · doi:10.25217/jf.v11i2.8029
- Authors
- Robertson, T. E., Sznycer, D., Delton, A. W., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Robertson, Theresa E.
- Sznycer, Daniel
- Venue
- Evolution and Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 566-573
- ISSN
- 1090-5138 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2806017775
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 9.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Evolution and Human Behavior (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation (29468)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Pioneer Hi-Bred (1DP1OD000516-01)
- National Science Foundation (0951597)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Keywords
- shame, social devaluation, self-assessment, social exclusion, public goods game, moral wrongdoing, emotion triggers, evolutionary psychology of emotion
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