Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Madsen, Kasper S; Chi, Yuan; Metzendorf, Maria-Inti; Richter, Bernd; Hemmingsen, Bianca

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008558.pub2

Cited by 70Diabetes Treatment and ManagementMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Open access

Madsen, Kasper S, Chi, Yuan, Metzendorf, Maria-Inti, Richter, Bernd, Hemmingsen, Bianca·2019·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008558.pub2

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The projected rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could develop into a substantial health problem worldwide. Whether metformin can prevent or delay T2DM and its complications in people with increased risk of developing T2DM is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of metformin for the prevention or delay of T2DM and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the T2DM. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the reference lists of systematic reviews, articles and health technology assessment reports. We asked investigators of the included trials for information about additional trials. The date of the last search of all databases was March 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of one year or more comparing metformin with any pharmacological glucose-lowering intervention, behaviour-changing intervention, placebo or standard care in people with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, moderately elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or combinations of these. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors read all abstracts and full-text articles and records, assessed risk of bias and extracted outcome data independently. We used a random-effects model to perform meta-analysis and calculated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes, using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for effect estimates. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS: We included 20 RCTs randomising 6774 participants. One trial contributed 48% of all participants. The duration of intervention in the trials varied from one to five years. We judged none of the trials to be at low risk of bias in all 'Risk of bias' domains. Our main outcome measures were all-cause mortality, incidence of T2DM, serious adverse events (SAEs), cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, health-related quality of life and socioeconomic effects.The following comparisons mostly reported only a fraction of our main outcome set. Fifteen RCTs compared metformin with diet and exercise with or without placebo: all-cause mortality was 7/1353 versus 7/1480 (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.41 to 3.01; P = 0.83; 2833 participants, 5 trials; very low-quality evidence); incidence of T2DM was 324/1751 versus 529/1881 participants (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.65; P < 0.001; 3632 participants, 12 trials; moderate-quality evidence); the reporting of SAEs was insufficient and diverse and meta-analysis could not be performed (reported numbers were 4/118 versus 2/191; 309 participants; 4 trials; very low-quality evidence); cardiovascular mortality was 1/1073 versus 4/1082 (2416 participants; 2 trials; very low-quality evidence). One trial reported no clear difference in health-related quality of life after 3.2 years of follow-up (very low-quality evidence). Two trials estimated the direct medical costs (DMC) per participant for metformin varying from $220 to $1177 versus $61 to $184 in the comparator group (2416 participants; 2 trials; low-quality evidence). Eight RCTs compared metformin with intensive diet and exercise: all-cause mortality was 7/1278 versus 4/1272 (RR 1.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 5.23; P = 0.43; 2550 participants, 4 trials; very low-quality evidence); incidence of T2DM was 304/1455 versus 251/1505 (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.37; P = 0.42; 2960 participants, 7 trials; moderate-quality evidence); the reporting of SAEs was sparse and meta-analysis could not be performed (one trial reported 1/44 in the metformin group versus 0/36 in the intensive exercise and diet group with SAEs). One trial reported that 1/1073 participants in the metformin group compared with 2/1079 participants in the comparator group died from cardiovascular causes. One trial reported that no participant died due to cardiovascular causes (very low-quality evidence). Two trials estimated the DMC per participant for metformin varying from $220 to $1177 versus $225 to $3628 in the comparator group (2400 participants; 2 trials; very low-quality evidence). Three RCTs compared metformin with acarbose: all-cause mortality was 1/44 versus 0/45 (89 participants; 1 trial; very low-quality evidence); incidence of T2DM was 12/147 versus 7/148 (RR 1.72, 95% CI 0.72 to 4.14; P = 0.22; 295 participants; 3 trials; low-quality evidence); SAEs were 1/51 versus 2/50 (101 participants; 1 trial; very low-quality evidence). Three RCTs compared metformin with thiazolidinediones: incidence of T2DM was 9/161 versus 9/159 (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.40; P = 0.98; 320 participants; 3 trials; low-quality evidence). SAEs were 3/45 versus 0/41 (86 participants; 1 trial; very low-quality evidence). Three RCTs compared metformin plus intensive diet and exercise with id

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd008558.pub2

Cites

186 of 186 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Type 2 diabetes is preventable and can be delayed with lifestyle or medical interventions.
“Despite the increasing prevalence of T2D in the UK, it is preventable and can be delayed with lifestyle or medical interventions [2,3].”
From Economic evaluation of wearable fitness trackers versus metformin for preventing type 2 diabetes in the UK population (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Two recent meta-analyses revealed that metformin is effective in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
“Two recent meta-analyses revealed that metformin is effective in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes [3,36].”
From Economic evaluation of wearable fitness trackers versus metformin for preventing type 2 diabetes in the UK population (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Base case parameters for metformin were derived from a meta-analysis that used placebo as the comparator and had a longer time horizon (15 years), rather than from one that used a lifestyle intervention as the comparator.
“We derived our base case parameters (see Table 1) from the latter, as it used placebo as the comparator and had a longer time horizon (15 years), while the former used the lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise promotion) as the comparator.”
From Economic evaluation of wearable fitness trackers versus metformin for preventing type 2 diabetes in the UK population (2025) · cites this paper as [3]

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
Magnesium Replacement Improves the Metabolic Profile in Obese and Pre-Diabetic Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A 3-Month, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,769 · see citing works
The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · see citing works
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
(1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07037-8 · Cited by 8,247 · see citing works
Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R., Lau, J., Carpenter, J., Rucker, G., Harbord, R. M., Schmid, C. H., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002 · Cited by 7,709 · see citing works
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220 · see citing works
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s062 · Cited by 5,491 · see citing works
Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance.
National Diabetes Data Group (1979) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.28.12.1039 · Cited by 4,909 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 4,290 · see citing works
Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160 · Cited by 3,784 · see citing works
Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates.
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7382.219 · Cited by 3,203 · see citing works
International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes
The International Expert Committee (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-9033 · Cited by 3,185 · see citing works
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses
Riley, R. D., Higgins, J. P. T., & Deeks, J. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d549 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K. F., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., Gluud, C., Martin, R. M., Wood, A. J. G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.ad · Cited by 2,538 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.12.2165 · Cited by 1,938 · see citing works
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1)
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
Basics of meta‐analysis: I 2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity
Borenstein, M., Higgins, J. P. T., Hedges, L. V., & Rothstein, H. R. (2017) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1230 · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works
Industry sponsorship and research outcome
Lundh, A., Lexchin, J., Mintzes, B., Schroll, J. B., & Bero, L. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000033.pub3 · Cited by 1,697 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2014
(2014) · Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.12816/0004790 · Cited by 1,478 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2008
Dora, J. M., Kramer, C. K., & Canani, L. H. S. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0109 · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2008
American Diabetes Association (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-s012 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00008 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews
Kirkham, J. J., Dwan, K. M., Altman, D. G., Gamble, C., Dodd, S., Smyth, R., & Williamson, P. R. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c365 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
(2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00291-0 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Salpeter, S. R., Greyber, E., Pasternak, G. A., & Salpeter (posthumous), E. E. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002967.pub4 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s009 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Comparison of Registered and Published Primary Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials
Mathieu, S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1242 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program. Design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes
(1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.4.623 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance
Herman, W. H., Hoerger, T. J., Brandle, M., Hicks, K., Sorensen, S., Zhang, P., Hamman, R. F., Ackermann, R. T., Engelgau, M. M., Ratner, R. E., et al. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00007 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Impact of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.888 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation
Meader, N., King, K., Llewellyn, A., Norman, G., Brown, J., Rodgers, M., Moe-Byrne, T., Higgins, J., Sowden, A., & Stewart, G. B. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-82 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention in the Real World: Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and of the Impact of Adherence to Guideline Recommendations
Dunkley, A. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Greaves, C. J., Russell, C., Yates, T., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2195 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Aroda, V. R., Edelstein, S. L., Goldberg, R. B., Knowler, W. C., Marcovina, S. M., Orchard, T. J., Bray, G. A., Schade, D. S., Temprosa, M. G., White, N. H., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3754 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-term reduction in diabetes risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Perreault, L., Pan, Q., Mather, K. J., Watson, K. E., Hamman, R. F., & Kahn, S. E. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60525-x · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Achieving Weight and Activity Goals Among Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Participants
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.179 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Observer bias in randomized clinical trials with measurement scale outcomes: a systematic review of trials with both blinded and nonblinded assessors
Hróbjartsson, A., Thomsen, A. S. S., Emanuelsson, F., Tendal, B., Hilden, J., Boutron, I., Ravaud, P., & Brorson, S. (2013) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.120744 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Fasting hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: contributions of excessive hepatic glucose production and impaired tissue glucose uptake
DeFronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., & Simonson, D. C. (1989) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90129-7 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Insulin Secretion and Action in Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Jenkinson, C. P., Richardson, D. K., Tripathy, D., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db05-1200 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Long-Term Safety, Tolerability, and Weight Loss Associated With Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1299 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes With Troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group* (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1150 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up
Aroda, V. R., Christophi, C. A., Edelstein, S. L., Zhang, P., Herman, W. H., Barrett-Connor, E., Delahanty, L. M., Montez, M. G., Ackermann, R. T., Zhuo, X., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3761 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Role of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in the Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2404 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
The 10-Year Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin for Diabetes Prevention
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1468 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Metformin Activates a Duodenal Ampk-Dependent Pathway to Lower Hepatic Glucose Production in Rats
Duca, F. A., Côté, C. D., Rasmussen, B. A., Zadeh-Tahmasebi, M., Rutter, G. A., Filippi, B. M., & Lam, T. K. T. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3787 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program: baseline characteristics of the randomized cohort. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.
(2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.11.1619 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
The blooming of the French lilac
Witters, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14178 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Impact of Spin in the Abstracts of Articles Reporting Results of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Field of Cancer: The SPIIN Randomized Controlled Trial
Boutron, I., Altman, D. G., Hopewell, S., Vera-Badillo, F., Tannock, I., & Ravaud, P. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.56.7503 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Ovarian Function and Metabolic Factors in Women with Oligomenorrhea Treated with Metformin in a Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Fleming, R., Hopkinson, Z. E., Wallace, A. M., Greer, I. A., & Sattar, N. A. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8261 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Lactate Homeostasis and Lactic Acidosis
Kreisberg, R. A. (1980) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-2-227 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Costs Associated With the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.36 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Long-term Sustainability of Diabetes Prevention Approaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Haw, J. S., Galaviz, K. I., Straus, A. N., Kowalski, A. J., Magee, M. J., Weber, M. B., Wei, J., Narayan, K. M. V., & Ali, M. K. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.6040 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin on Inflammation and Coagulation in Participants With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1566 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Weight Loss of Black, White, and Hispanic Men and Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program
West, D. S., Prewitt, T. E., Bursac, Z., & Felix, H. C. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.224 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
The Effect of Metformin on the Metabolic Abnormalities Associated With Upper-Body Fat Distribution. BIGPRO Study Group
Fontbonne, A., Charles, M.-A. A., Juhan-Vague, I., Bard, J., André, P., Isnard, F., Cohen, J. M., Grandmottet, P., Vague, P., Safar, M. E., et al. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.9.920 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Assessing baseline imbalance in randomised trials: implications for the Cochrane risk of bias tool: Baseline imbalance assessment and risk of bias
Corbett, M. S., Higgins, J. P. T., & Woolacott, N. F. (2014) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1090 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.9.2518 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
]. The Influence of Age on the Effects of Lifestyle Modification and Metformin in Prevention of Diabetes
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group [Prepared by Jill Crandall, D. S. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1075 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Meta-analysis: metformin treatment in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus
Salpeter, S. R., Buckley, N. S., Kahn, J. A., & Salpeter, E. E. (2008) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.09.016 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Comparison of registered and published outcomes in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review
Jones, C. W., Keil, L. G., Holland, W. C., Caughey, M. C., & Platts-Mills, T. F. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0520-3 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): A double-blind randomised controlled study
Zinman, B., Harris, S. B., Neuman, J., Gerstein, H. C., Retnakaran, R. R., Raboud, J., Qi, Y., & Hanley, A. J. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60746-5 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Progression rates from HbA1c 6.0-6.4% and other prediabetes definitions to type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Morris, D. H., Khunti, K., Achana, F., Srinivasan, B., Gray, L. J., Davies, M. J., & Webb, D. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2902-4 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Effects of Withdrawal From Metformin on the Development of Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.977 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Long‐term effects of the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on cardiovascular risk factors: a report from the DPP Outcomes Study
The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Research Group; prepared on behalf of the DPPOS Research Group, Orchard, T. J., Temprosa, M., Barrett‐Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Goldberg, R. B., Mather, K. J., Marcovina, S. M., Montez, M., Ratner, R. E., et al. (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03750.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The epidemic of pre-diabetes: the medicine and the politics
Yudkin, J. S., & Montori, V. M. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4485 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Diabetes
Inzucchi, S. E. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1103643 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation in the diabetes prevention program
Perreault, L., Kahn, S. E., Christophi, C. A., Knowler, W. C., Hamman, R. F., & the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0523 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Aroda, V. R., Knowler, W. C., Crandall, J. P., Perreault, L., Edelstein, S. L., Jeffries, S., Molitch, M. E., Pi-Sunyer, X., Darwin, C. H., Heckman‐Stoddard, B. M., et al. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4361-9 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Racial differences in glycemic markers: a cross-sectional analysis of community-based data
Selvin, E., Steffes, M. W., Ballantyne, C. M., Hoogeveen, R. C., Coresh, J., & Brancati, F. L. (2011) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00004 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Molecules and medicine
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-3793 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The STOP-NIDDM Trial: An international study on the efficacy of an α-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale, design, and preliminary screening data
Chiasson, J.-L., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Josse, R. G., Karasik, A., Laakso, M., & The Stop-Niddm Trial Research Group (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.10.1720 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Outcomes of patients who participate in randomized controlled trials compared to similar patients receiving similar interventions who do not participate
Vist, G. E., Bryant, D., Somerville, L. E., Birmingham, T. B., & Oxman, A. D. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000009.pub4 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program
The DPP Research Group (2002) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(01)00184-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Cost-Effectiveness of the Interventions in the Primary Prevention of Diabetes Among Asian Indians
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Yamuna, A., Simon, M., & Ping, Z. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0150 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Adiponectin, Change in Adiponectin, and Progression to Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Mather, K. J., Funahashi, T., Matsuzawa, Y., Edelstein, S. L., Bray, G. A., Kahn, S. E., Crandall, J. P., Marcovina, S. M., Goldstein, B., Goldberg, R. B., et al. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1419 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The differential effects of metformin on markers of endothelial activation and inflammation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Caballero, A. E., Delgado, A., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Herrera, A. N., Castillo, J. L., Cabrera, T., Gomez-Perez, F. J., & Rull, J. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0019 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
An Update on The Diabetes Prevention Program
Ratner, R. E. (2006) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.12.s1.20 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0886 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium
Goldberg, R. B., Aroda, V. R., Bluemke, D. A., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Budoff, M. J., Crandall, J. P., Dabelea, D., Horton, E. S., Mather, K. J., Orchard, T. J., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.025483 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Statin use and risk of developing diabetes: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program
Crandall, J. P., Mather, K., Rajpathak, S. N., Goldberg, R. B., Watson, K., Foo, S., Ratner, R., Barrett-Connor, E., & Temprosa, M. (2017) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000438 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Diabetes Risk and the Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Modification in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Perreault, L., Ma, Y., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Horton, E. S., Marrero, D. G., Crandall, J. P., Barrett-Connor, E. L., & Program, F. T. D. P. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-2390 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Effect of weight change and metformin on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor in obese nondiabetic subjects: the BIGPRO1 Study. Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity.
Charles, M. A., Morange, P., Eschwège, E., André, P., Vague, P., & Juhan-Vague, I. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1967 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Metformin in Obese Children and Adolescents: The MOCA Trial
Kendall, D., Vail, A., Amin, R., Barrett, T. G., Dimitri, P., Ivison, F., Kibirige, M. S., Mathew, V. B., Matyka, K. A., McGovern, A., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2710 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Body Size and Shape Changes and the Risk of Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Fujimoto, W. Y., Jablonski, K. A., Bray, G. A., Kriska, A. M., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Haffner, S. M., Hanson, R. L., Hill, J. O., Hubbard, V. S., Stamm, E. R., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0009 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Influence of Metformin on Glucose Intolerance and Muscle Catabolism Following Severe Burn Injury
Gore, D. C., Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., Herndon, D. N., & Wolfe, R. R. (2005) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000152013.23032.d1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose
de Laar, F. A. V., Lucassen, P. L., Akkermans, R., van de Lisdonk, E. H., & Grauw, W. J. D. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005061.pub2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study
Turner, R. C., Cull, C. A., & Holman, R. R. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.2.182 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Factors associated with diabetes onset during metformin versus placebo therapy in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Lachin, J. M., Christophi, C. A., Edelstein, S. L., Ehrmann, D. A., Hamman, R. F., Kahn, S. E., Knowler, W. C., Nathan, D. M., & on behalf of the DPP Research Group (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0918 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): Design of Studies of β-Cell Preservation in Prediabetes and Early Type 2 Diabetes Across the Life Span
The RISE Consortium (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1879 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Impact of Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin on Health-Related Quality of Life: the Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial
Florez, H. J., Pan, Q., Ackermann, R. T., Marrero, D. G., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Delahanty, L. M., Kriska, A. M., Saudek, C. D., Goldberg, R. B., & Rubin, R. R. (2012) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2122-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Effects of Exenatide vs. Metformin on endothelial function in obese patients with pre-diabetes: a randomized trial
Kelly, A. S., Bergenstal, R. M., Gonzalez-Campoy, J., Katz, H., & Bank, A. J. (2012) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-64 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Designing psycho‐oncology randomised trials and cluster randomised trials: variance components and intra‐cluster correlation of commonly used psychosocial measures
Bell, M. L., & McKenzie, J. E. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3205 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effect of metformin on patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Li, C. L., Pan, C., Lu, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, J. H., Deng, X., Xia, F., Wang, H. Z., & Wang, H. Y. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00090.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Treating prediabetes with metformin: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lily, M., Lilly, M., & Godwin, M. S. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Antihyperglycemic mechanism of metformin occurs via the AMPK/LXRα/POMC pathway
Cho, K., Chung, J., Cho, S. K., Shin, H., Jang, I., Park, J., Yu, K., & Cho, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08145 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effect of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Diabetes on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Amelioration by Lifestyle and Metformin Intervention
Goldberg, R. B., Temprosa, M. G., Haffner, S. M., Orchard, T. J., Ratner, R. E., Fowler, S. E., Mather, K. J., Marcovina, S. M., Saudek, C. D., Matulik, M. J., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0494 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention among adherent participants.
Herman, W. H., Edelstein, S. L., Ratner, R. E., Montez, M. G., Ackermann, R. T., Orchard, T. J., Foulkes, M. A., Zhang, P., Saudek, C. D., & Brown, M. B. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
PREVENT-DM Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin
O’Brien, M. J., Perez, A., Scanlan, A. B., Alos, V. A., Whitaker, R. C., Foster, G. D., Ackermann, R. T., Ciolino, J. D., & Homko, C. J. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.008 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Metformin, lifestyle intervention, and cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Luchsinger, J. A., Ma, Y., Christophi, C. A., Florez, H., Golden, S. H., Hazuda, H., Crandall, J., Venditti, E., Watson, K., Jeffries, S., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2376 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Review of Metformin Use for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention
Moin, T., Schmittdiel, J. A., Flory, J. H., Yeh, J., Karter, A. J., Kruge, L. E., Schillinger, D., Mangione, C. M., Herman, W. H., & Walker, E. A. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.038 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Moxonidine improves glycaemic control in mildly hypertensive, overweight patients: a comparison with metformin
Chazova, I. E., Almazov, V. A., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2006) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00606.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Herman, W. H. (2015) · Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s40842-015-0009-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Effects of Simvastatin and Metformin on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Individuals with Mild Metabolic Syndrome
Bulc??o, C., Ribeiro‐Filho, F. F., Sañudo, A., & Ferreira, S. G. R. (2007) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.2165/00129784-200707030-00007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber, Low-Fat Diet Results in Weight Loss among Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Sylvetsky, A. C., Edelstein, S. L., Walford, G., Boyko, E. J., Horton, E. S., Ibebuogu, U. N., Knowler, W. C., Montez, M. G., Temprosa, M. G., Hoskin, M. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.117.252395 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Lehtovirta, M., Forsén, B., Gullström, M., Häggblom, M. M., Eriksson, J. G., Taskinen, M., & Groop, L. (2001) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00539.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Targeting the Consequences of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Goldberg, R. B., & Mather, K. J. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.241893 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to the glycemic outcomes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1 (IDPP-1)
Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Selvam, S., Sathish Kumar, C. K., Shetty, S. B. A., Nanditha, A., & Ramachandran, A. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0676 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Steroid Sex Hormones, Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin, and Diabetes Incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Mather, K. J., KIM, C., Christophi, C., Aroda, V. R., Knowler, W. C., EDELSTEIN, S., Florez, J. C., Labrie, F., Kahn, S. E., Goldberg, R. B., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2328 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Global Implications
Molitch, M. E., Fujimoto, W. Y., Hamman, R. F., & Knowler, W. C. (2003) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000070140.62190.97 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
Moelands, S. V., Lucassen, P. L., Akkermans, R. P., De Grauw, W. J., & Van de Laar, F. A. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005061.pub3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Early Response to Preventive Strategies in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Maruthur, N. M., Ma, Y., Delahanty, L. M., Nelson, J. A. E., Aroda, V. R., White, N. H., Marrero, D. G., Brancati, F. L., & Clark, J. M. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2548-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The utility of fasting glucose for detection of prediabetes
Cheng, C., Kushner, H., & Falkner, B. E. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions Have a Durable Effect to Lower CRP and tPA Levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program Except in Those Who Develop Diabetes
Goldberg, R. B., Temprosa, M. G., Mather, K. J., Orchard, T. J., Kitabchi, A. E., & Watson, K. E. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2471 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)
Perreault, L., Pan, Q., Aroda, V. R., Barrett-Connor, E., Dabelea, D., Dagogo-Jack, S., Hamman, R. F., Kahn, S. E., Mather, K. J., Knowler, W. C., et al. (2017) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13453 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effect of Intervention in Subjects with High Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan
Hydrie, M. Z. I., Basit, A., Shera, A. S., & Hussain, A. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2012/867604 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Predisease: When Does it Make Sense?
Viera, A. J. (2011) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxr002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Changes in Visceral Adiposity, Subcutaneous Adiposity, and Sex Hormones in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Kim, C., Dabelea, D., Kalyani, R. R., Christophi, C. A., Bray, G. A., Pi-Sunyer, X., Darwin, C. H., Yalamanchi, S., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Golden, S. H., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00967 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effects of 1-year treatment with metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic upper-body obese subjects with mild glucose anomalies: A post-hoc analysis of the BIGPRO1 trial
Fontbonne, A., Diouf, I., Baccara-Dinet, M., Eschwege, E., & Charles, M.-A. (2009) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2009.03.005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Rationale and Study Design of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Metformin to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults With Prediabetes
Espinoza, S. E., Musi, N., Wang, C.-P., Michalek, J. E., Orsak, B., Romo, T. Q., Powers, B., Conde, A., Moris, M., Bair‐Kelps, D., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz078 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Metformin decreases plasma resistin concentrations in pediatric patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Gómez-Díaz, R. A., Talavera, J. O., Canché-Pool, E. B., Ortiz-Navarrete, V. F., Solórzano‐Santos, F., Mondragón-González, R., Valladares‐Salgado, A., Cruz, M., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., & Wacher, N. H. (2012) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Case 23-2013
Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Uppot, R. N., & Lewandrowski, K. B. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcpc1208154 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group, Hamman, R. F., Horton, E., Barrett-Connor, E., Bray, G. A., Christophi, C. A., Crandall, J., Florez, J. C., Fowler, S., Goldberg, R., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0333 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Optimal Macronutrient Content of the Diet for Adolescents With Prediabetes; RESIST a Randomised Control Trial
Garnett, S. P., Gow, M. L., Ho, M. M., Baur, L. A., Noakes, M., Woodhead, H., Broderick, C. R., Burrell, S., Chisholm, K. W., Halim, J. A., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4251 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The comparative efficacy of lifestyle intervention and metformin by educational attainment in the Diabetes Prevention Program
O’Brien, M. J., Whitaker, R. C., Yu, D., & Ackermann, R. T. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Long-term changes in dietary and food intake behaviour in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Jaacks, L. M., Ma, Y., Davis, N., Delahanty, L. M., Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Franks, P. W., Brown‐Friday, J., Isonaga, M., Kriska, A. M., Venditti, E. M., et al. (2014) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12500 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of Different Dietary and Lifestyle Modification Therapies on Metabolic Syndrome in Prediabetic Arab Patients: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study
Alfawaz, H., Wani, K., Alnaami, A. M., Al‐Saleh, Y., Aljohani, N., Al-Attas, O. S., Alokail, M. S., Kumar, S., & Al‐Daghri, N. M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10030383 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of metformin on the body composition in subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes
Rodríguez‐Moctezuma, J. R., Robles‐López, G., López-Carmona, J. M., & Gutiérrez‐Rosas, M. J. (2004) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00385.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lifestyle and metformin ameliorate insulin sensitivity independently of the genetic burden of established insulin resistance variants in Diabetes Prevention Program participants
Hivert, M.-F., Christophi, C. A., Franks, P. W., Jablonski, K. A., Ehrmann, D. A., Kahn, S. E., Horton, E. S., Pollin, T. I., Mather, K. J., Perreault, L., et al. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0950 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparison of the Effects of Pioglitazone and Metformin on Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Markers in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Early Diabetes
EGUCHI, K., Tomizawa, H., Ishikawa, J., Hoshide, S., Numao, T., Fukuda, T., Shimada, K., & Kario, K. (2007) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.30.23 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study
Marrero, D. G., Pan, Q., Barrett-Connor, E. L., de Groot, M., Zhang, P., Percy, C. A., Florez, H. J., Ackermann, R. T., Montez, M. G., & Rubin, R. R. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0436-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effects of metformin plus rosuvastatin on hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with hyperlipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
Celik, O., & Açbay, Ö. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3275/8371 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Beneficial effects of strategies for primary prevention of diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme
Snehalatha, C., Simon, M., Joshi, V. V., & Ramachandran, A. (2008) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2008.005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Efficacy of Primary Prevention Interventions When Fasting and Postglucose Dysglycemia Coexist
Ramachandran, A., Nanditha, A., Shetty, A. S., & Snehalatha, C. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1150 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Inflammatory-metabolic parameters in obese and nonobese normoandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome during metformin and oral contraceptive treatment
Kılıç, S., Yılmaz, N., Zülfikaroğlu, E., Erdoğan, G., Aydın, M., & Batıoğlu, S. (2010) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2010.530706 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Low positive predictive value of hemoglobin A1c for diagnosis of prediabetes in clinical practice
Gosmanov, A. R., & Wan, J. (2014) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0000000000000223 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatment of the Pathogenetic Defects in Type 2 Diabetes
Gram, J., Henriksen, J. E., Grodum, E., Juhl, H., Hansen, T. B., Christiansen, C. F., Yderstræde, K. B., Gjessing, H. J., Hansen, H. M., Vestergaard, V., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0531 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome components and their response to lifestyle and metformin interventions are associated with differences in diabetes risk in persons with impaired glucose tolerance
Florez, H. J., Temprosa, M. G., Orchard, T. J., Mather, K. J., Marcovina, S. M., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Horton, E., Saudek, C. D., Pi-Sunyer, X. F., Ratner, R. E., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12220 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Ovalle, F. (2010) · Yearbook of Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0084-3741(10)79603-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Long‐term glycaemic effects of pioglitazone compared with placebo as add‐on treatment to metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy in PROactive (PROactive 18)
Scheen, A. J., Tan, M. H., Betteridge, D. J., Birkeland, K. I., Schmitz, O., Charbonnel, B. H., & on behalf of the PROactive investigators (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02857.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lymphocyte-suppressing and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of high-dose metformin in simvastatin-treated patients with impaired fasting glucose
Krysiak, R. G., & Okopień, B. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.034 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Non-traditional biomarkers and incident diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program: comparative effects of lifestyle and metformin interventions
Goldberg, R. B., Bray, G. A., Marcovina, S. M., Mather, K. J., Orchard, T. J., Perreault, L., & Temprosa, M. G. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4748-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: A randomized clinical trial
Esteghamati, A., Noshad, S., Rabizadeh, S., Ghavami, M., Zandieh, A., & Nakhjavani, M. (2013) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of metformin on substrate utilization after exercise training in adults with impaired glucose tolerance
Malin, S. K., & Braun, B. (2013) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0433 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Regression to normoglycaemia by fenofibrate in pre-diabetic subjects complicated with hypertriglyceridaemia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Wan, Q., Wang, F., Wang, F., Guan, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Feng, L., Gao, G., Gao, L., & Zhao, J. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03107.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Background and recruitment data for the U.S. Diabetes Prevention Program.
Fujimoto, W. Y. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Changes in Albumin Excretion in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1400 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Long‐term prevalence and predictors of urinary incontinence among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Phelan, S., Kanaya, A. M., Ma, Y., Vittinghoff, E., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Wing, R. R., Kusek, J. W., Orchard, T. J., Crandall, J. P., Montez, M. G., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.12654 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Outcome of intensive integrated intervention in participants with impaired glucose regulation in China
Lu, Y., Lu, J., Wang, S., Li, C., Zheng, R.-P., Tian, H., & Wang, X. (2011) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-011-0022-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Metformin treatment leads to an increase in basal, but not insulin‐stimulated, glucose disposal in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Morel, Y., Golay, A., Perneger, T., Lehmann, T. N., Vadas, L., Pasik, C., & Reaven, G. M. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00120.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Association of changes in mental health with weight loss during intensive lifestyle intervention: does the timing matter?
Alhalel, N., Schueller, S. M., & O’Brien, M. J. (2018) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.157 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in borderline diabetic patients
Papoz, L., Job, D., Eschwège, É., Aboulker, J.-P., Cubeau, J., Péquignot, G., Rathery, M., & Rosselin, G. (1978) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01219646 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome does not increase the risk of conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians—Result of Indian diabetes prevention programme
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Satyavani, K., Sivasankari, S., & Viswanathan, V. (2006) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.08.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Testosterone and depressive symptoms among men in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Kim, C., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Aroda, V. R., Mather, K. J., Christophi, C. A., Horton, E. S., Pi-Sunyer, X., Bray, G. A., Labrie, F., & Golden, S. H. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.06.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of PREVENT-DM: A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and metformin among Latinas with prediabetes
Perez, A., Alos, V. A., Scanlan, A. B., Maia, C. M., Davey, A., Whitaker, R. C., Foster, G. D., Ackermann, R. T., & O’Brien, M. J. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Comparative Study of Low-dose Pioglitazone or Metformin Treatment in Japanese Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Kato, T., Sawai, Y., Kanayama, H., Taguchi, H., Terabayashi, T., Taki, F., Yamada, K. C., Yamazaki, Y., Hayakawa, N., Suzuki, A., et al. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1202792 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hospital-Based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Study
Rhee, S. Y., Chon, S., Ahn, K. J., Woo, J., & The Korean Diabetes Prevention Study Investigators (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0033 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Possible Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes with Acarbose or Metformin
Holman, R. R., North, B. V., & Tunbridge, F. (2000) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs098013pc · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Differential regulation of insulin action and tumor necrosis factor α system activity by metformin
Biarnés, J., Fernández‐Real, J. M., Fernández-Castañer, M., García-Gil, M., Soler, J., & Ricart, W. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.08.018 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lactic acidosis and the relationship with metformin usage
Huang, W., Castelino, R. L., & Peterson, G. M. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004998 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The healthy living partnerships to prevent diabetes and the diabetes prevention program: a comparison of year 1 and 2 intervention results
Vitolins, M. Z., Isom, S. P., Blackwell, C. S., Kernodle, D., Sydell, J. M., Pedley, C. F., Katula, J. A., Case, L. D., & Goff, D. C. (2016) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-016-0447-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in the prediabetic population.
Maji, D., Roy, R., & Das, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Impact of Metformin on Glucose Metabolism in Nondiabetic, Obese African Americans
Schuster, D., Gaillard, T. R., Rhinesmith, S., Habash, D., & Osei, K. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2768 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Replication of the Association of BDNF and MC4R Variants With Dietary Intake in the Diabetes Prevention Program
McCaffery, J. M., Jablonski, K. A., Franks, P. W., Delahanty, L. M., Aroda, V. R., Marrero, D. G., Hamman, R. F., Horton, E. S., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Wylie‐Rosett, J., et al. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000380 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Different intervention strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Pang, B., Zhao, L., Li, X., Song, J., Li, Q., Liao, X., Feng, S., Zhao, X., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13121 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Androgens, Irregular Menses, and Risk of Diabetes and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Kim, C., Aroda, V. R., Goldberg, R. B., Younes, N., Edelstein, S. L., Carrion-Petersen, M. L., Ehrmann, D. A., & Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Group (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01829 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Metformin for Prediabetes
(2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17844 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Medication Use, and Inflammatory Markers in the Diabetes Prevention Program
de Groot, M., Marrero, D. G., Mele, L., Doyle, T. A., Schwartz, F., Mather, K. J., Goldberg, R. B., Price, D. W., Ma, Y., & Knowler, W. C. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000535 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
BIGPRO (biguanides and the prevention of the risk of obesity): study design. A randomized trial of metformin versus placebo in the correction of the metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance.
Fontbonne, A., André, P., & Eschwège, É. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Discordant effects on central obesity, hepatic insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase of low‐dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Retnakaran, R. R., Ye, C., Hanley, A. J., Harris, S. B., & Zinman, B. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01481.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The changing cost to prevent diabetes: A retrospective analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program
Carris, N. W., Cheng, F., & Kelly, W. N. (2017) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2017.05.015 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crossover and double blind study with metformin and rosiglitazone in impaired glucose tolerance subjects.
Flores-Saenz, J. L., Trujillo-Arriaga, H. M., Rivas-Vilchis, J. F., Méndez-Francisco, J. D., Alarcón-Aguilar, F. J., & Román‐Ramos, R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Possible prevention of type 2 diabetes with acarbose or metformin over three years
Citroen, H. A., Fke., T., Holman, R. R., & Edits., G. (2000) · Diabetologia · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Efficacy of metformin in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: Protocol for a multicentre, open‐label, randomized controlled clinical study
Ji, L., Sun, N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Shen, S., Wang, X., Li, Q., Dong, L., Ren, W., Qi, L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13884 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
[Treatment of metformin-associated lactate acidosis by haemodialysis].
Levy-Schousboe, K., Fassi, D. E., Secher, E. L., Elming, H., Rasmussen, K., & Hornum, M. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
[Effect of renshen jianxin capsule for alleviating insulin resistance in patients with coronary heart disease and glucose tolerance impairment].
Li, A., & Zhao, J. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Early Diabetes Intervention Trial
Holman, R. R. (2012) · doi:10.1186/isrctn96631607 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Metformin for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose
Lü, Q., Ke, L. Q., Tong, N., Cao, L., Wu, T., & Zhang, J. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008558 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
[Characteristic of metformin for treatment of impaired glucose tolerance].
Ishida, W., & Satoh, J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program
Yeung, K.-F., Lee, Y. Q., Chong, M. F., Gandhi, M., Lam, A. Y. R., Julianty, S., Tan, G. C. S., Ho, E. T. L., Goh, S., Tan, G. S. W., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002966 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intervention of participants with composite impaired glucose regulation and obesity by Metformin
Zhang, X. (2009) · Huazhong yixue zazhi · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Using MetS Severity to Track Risk for T2D during Intervention with Lifestyle and Metformin
DeBoer, M. D., Filipp, S. L., & Gurka, M. J. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-1523-p · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Untitled work
Alberti (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199807)15:7

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 190 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a
Kang, M. J., Moon, J. W., Lee, J. O., Kim, J. H., Jung, E. J., Kim, S. J., Oh, J. Y., Wu, S. W., Lee, P. R., Park, S. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12833 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms
Shpakov, A. O. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14010042 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Empagliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Improving Mitochondrial Function
Wang, J., Huang, X., Liu, H., Chen, Y., Li, P., Liu, L., Li, J., Ren, Y., Huang, J., Xiong, E., et al. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/1122494 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Use of Metformin to Increase the Human Healthspan
Piskovatska, V., Storey, K. B., Vaiserman, A. M., & Lushchak, O. V. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_13 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis
Bakhtyukov, A. A., Derkach, K. V., Sorokoumov, V. N., Stepochkina, A. M., Romanova, I. V., Morina, I. Y., Zakharova, I. O., Bayunova, L. V., & Shpakov, A. O. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010198 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
In silico study to quantify the effect of exercise on surface GLUT4 translocation in diabetes management
Joshi, D. M., Patel, J., & Bhatt, H. G. (2021) · Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/s13721-020-00274-3
Exploring the Comparative Efficacy of Metformin and Resveratrol in the Management of Diabetes-Associated Complications: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
Dludla, P. V., Silvestri, S., Orlando, P., Gabuza, K., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Nyambuya, T. M., Mxinwa, V., Mokgalaboni, K., Johnson, R., Muller, C. J. F., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030739 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Gap And Opportunities To Increase Participation In Effective Interventions: Study examines access and participation in type 2 diabetes prevention and describes opportunities to increase participation in prevention.
Alva, M. L., Chakkalakal, R. J., Moin, T., & Galaviz, K. I. (2022) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00259 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Protocol for the Metformin Aneurysm Trial (MAT): a placebo-controlled randomised trial testing whether metformin reduces the risk of serious complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Golledge, J., Arnott, C. G., Moxon, J. V., Monaghan, H., Norman, R., Morris, D., Li, Q., Jones, G. T., Roake, J., Bown, M. J., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05915-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Metformin improves cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway–mediated neuroinflammation in db/db mice
Tian, H., Wei, J.-W., Zheng, J., Luo, Q.-Y., Hu, X.-R., Du, Q., Cai, Y., & Zhang, S. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-024-02465-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Interventions in preconception and pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Quotah, O. F., Andreeva, D., Nowak, K. G., Dalrymple, K. V., Almubarak, A., Patel, A. N., Vyas, N. D., Çakır, G. S., Heslehurst, N., Bell, Z., et al. (2024) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-023-01217-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ganitumab and metformin plus standard neoadjuvant therapy in stage 2/3 breast cancer
Yee, D., Isaacs, C. J., Wolf, D. M., Yau, C. S. F., Haluska, P., Giridhar, K. V., Forero, A., Chien, A. J., Wallace, A. M., Pusztai, L., et al. (2021) · npj Breast Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41523-021-00337-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
MicroRNAs Associated with Metformin Treatment in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Lewis, K., STROEBEL, B. M., Zhang, L., Aouizerat, B. E., Mattis, A. N., & Flowers, E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25115684 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Is Metformin a Possible Beneficial Treatment for Psoriasis? A Scoping Review
Stănescu, A. M. A., SIMIONESCU, A. A., Florea, M., & Diaconu, C. C. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11040251 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Potential Role of Mitochondria as Modulators of Blood Platelet Activation and Reactivity in Diabetes and Effect of Metformin on Blood Platelet Bioenergetics and Platelet Activation
Siewiera, K., Łabieniec-Watała, M., Kassassir, H., Wolska, N., Polak, D., & Watała, C. W. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073666 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Risk of progression from pre‐diabetes to type 2 diabetes in a large UK adult cohort
Gardner, M. P., Wang, J., Hazlehurst, J., Sainsbury, C. A. R., Blissett, J. M., Nirantharakumar, K., Thomas, G. N., & Bellary, S. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14996 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management
Ping, W.-X., Hu, S., Su, J., & Ouyang, S. (2024) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.361 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Clozapine induces metformin-resistant prediabetes/diabetes that is associated with poor clinical efficacy in patients with early treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Zhuo, C., Xu, Y. J., Wang, H., Zhou, C., Liu, J., Yu, X., Shao, H., Tian, H., Fang, T., Li, Q., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Priming metabolism with the type 5 phosphodiesterase: the role of cGMP-hydrolyzing enzymes
Campolo, F., Pofi, R., Venneri, M. A., & Isidori, A. M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The effect of obesity interventions on male fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Peel, A., Lyons, H. E., Tully, C. A., Vincent, A. D., Jesudason, D. R., Wittert, G., & McPherson, N. O. (2025) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaf025 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Obesity in Prediabetic Patients: Management of Metabolic Complications and Strategies for Prevention of Overt Diabetes
Chianelli, M., Armellini, M., Carpentieri, M. S., Coccaro, C., Cuttica, C. M., Fusco, A., Marucci, S., Nelva, A., Nizzoli, M., Ponziani, M. C., et al. (2024) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715303282327240507184902 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Years of potential life lost in pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus: data from a 40-year follow-up of the Israel study on Glucose intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension
Rapoport, M. J., Chetrit, A., Cantrell, D., Novikov, I., Roth, J., & Dankner, R. S. (2021) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001981 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Platelet Membrane-Coated Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles for Dual-Modal Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Ma, K., Yang, M., Pan, Y., Bao, Y., Bao, Y., & Mai, X. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c04250 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Rohner, M., Heiz, R., Feldhaus, S., & Bornstein, S. R. (2021) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1510-8896 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
1. Detection of diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia, and prevention of type 2 diabetes
Colagiuri, S., & Ceriello, A. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112145 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Metformin for the prevention of diabetes among people with HIV and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) in Tanzania: a Phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial
Garrib, A. V., Kivuyo, S. L., Bates, K., Ramaiya, K. L., Wang, D., Majaliwa, E. S., Simbauranga, R. H., Charles, G., van Widenfelt, E., Luo, H., et al. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05968-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A drug repurposing method based on inhibition effect on gene regulatory network
Li, X., Liao, M., Wang, B., Zan, X., Huo, Y., Liu, Y., Bao, Z., Xu, P., & Liu, W. (2023) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Metformin for Preventing Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes Mellitus in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Nimitphong, H., Jiriyasin, S., Kasemasawachanon, P., & D, S. S. M. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.24540 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Metformin modulates the TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway to improve diabetic bladder dysfunction
Huang, B., Zhang, J., Tian, H., Ren, S., Chen, K., Feng, J., Fan, S., Tuo, Y., Wang, X., Yu, L., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-72129-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Metformin’s Overall Effectiveness and Combined Action with Lifestyle Interventions in Preventing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in High-Risk Metformin-Naïve Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published RCTs
Tsironikos, G. I., Tsolaki, V., Zakynthinos, G. Ε., Rammou, V., Kyprianidou, D., Antonogiannis, T., Zakynthinos, E. G., & Bargiota, Α. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14144947 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Synopsis of the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline
Conlin, P. R., Burke, B. V., Hobbs, C., Hurren, K. M., Lang, A. E., Morrison, J. W., Spacek, L., Steil, E. N., Watts, S. A., Weinreb, J. E., et al. (2024) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.04.014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Daidzein improves muscle atrophy caused by lovastatin by regulating the AMPK/FOXO3a axis
Wang, K., Zeng, H., & Yang, H. Q. (2024) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-024-01034-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
External validation of three diabetes prediction scores in a Spanish cohort: does adding high risk for depression improve the validation of the FINDRISC score (FINDRISC-MOOD)?
Salinero-Fort, M. Á., Mostaza-Prieto, J. M., Lahoz, C., Cárdenas‐Valladolid, J., Iriarte-Campo, V., Estirado, E., García-Iglesias, F., González-Alegre, T., Fernández-Puntero, B., Río, V. C.-D., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083121 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Glucose-lowering effect of Reducose® enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin and l-leucine: Studies on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells and reduction of blood glucose in diabetic rats
Lee, D., Baek, J. Y., Choi, Y. J., Han, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, T. H., Lee, S., & Kang, K. S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25499 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Metformin for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with a Previous Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Versace, V. L., Beks, H., Hannah, W., Namara, K. M., Hague, W. M., Anjana, R. M., Mohan, V., Khunti, K., & Dunbar, J. (2020) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1727203 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
In silico Study to Optimize the Dosage of Oleuropein with Metformin in Diabetes Management
Joshi, D. M., Patel, J. B., & Bhatt, H. (2023) · Iraqi Journal of Science · doi:10.24996/ijs.2023.64.8.14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Preventive Metformin Monotherapy Medication Prescription, Redemption and Socioeconomic Status in Hungary in 2018–2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nagy, C., Juhász, A., Pikó, P., Diószegi, J., Paragh, G., Szabó, Z., Varga, O., & Ádány, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052206 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records
Zheng, M., Soumya, S., Begum, M., Bernardo, C., Stocks, N., Jahan, H., & González‐Chica, D. A. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15170 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of the drugs efficacy for carbohydrate metabolism early disorders (prediabetes) treatment: A review
Mkrtumyan, A. M. (2024) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2024.04.202709 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A multiple case study of pre-diabetes care undertaken by general practice in Aotearoa/New Zealand: de-incentivised and de-prioritised work
Barthow, C. A., Krebs, J. D., & McKinlay, E. M. (2023) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-023-02053-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Biopsychosocial Model in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
Khalil, Y., Abu-Khalaf, L., Abu-Khalaf, R., Abu-Khalaf, S., & Al-Balootti, K. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.96814 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Current opportunities for the prevention and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Zilov, A. V., & Болиева, Л. З. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-540 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evidence-based pharmacological investigation of the clinical practice and rational use of metformin in prediabetes mellitus
Liu, D., Chen, X., Wang, Q., Pan, X., Wei, X., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Xue, X., & Lu, C. (2025) · Precision medication. · doi:10.1016/j.prmedi.2025.100035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Zhu, X., Li, X., Yin, D., Yang, J., & Wei, R. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01560-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Медикаментозная профилактика сахарного диабета 2-го типа у пациентов с ранними нарушениями углеводного обмена: эффективность и клинические исходы при длительном наблюдении
Боева, В. В., & Завьялов, А. Н. (2020) · Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета · doi:10.24075/vrgmu.2020.014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Metformin ameliorates insulin resistance, thyroid nodules and thyroid function.
Ji, S., Gao, R., Gao, Q., Leng, L., & Gai, N.-N. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluation and treatment of peripheral nervous system dysfunction in patients with prediabetes
Zinovyeva, O. E., Оstroumova, Т. М., Koniashova, M. V., & Gorbachev, N. A. (2021) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-116-122 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The utility of common predictive models for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes defined by HbA1c in a Chinese population
Wang, S., Yip, B. H. K., Poon, P. K.-M., Chiu, B. C. F., Wong, S. Y. S., Chan, J. C. N., & Lee, E. K. P. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112344 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comprehensive Evidence-Based Health Maintenance
Schattner, A. (2024) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.038 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
COVID-19
(2020) · Bulletin of Russian State Medical University · doi:10.24075/vrgmu.2020-02 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Economic evaluation of wearable fitness trackers versus metformin for preventing type 2 diabetes in the UK population
Xu, Y., & García-Lorenzo, B. (2025) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-025-00194-0
Preventive pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders: long-term efficacy and clinical outcomes
Боева, В. В., & Завьялов, А. Н. (2020) · Bulletin of Russian State Medical University · doi:10.24075/brsmu.2020.014
For people at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, how does metformin compare with diet and exercise?
Ciapponi, A. (2020) · Cochrane Clinical Answers · doi:10.1002/cca.2991
La metformina reduciría la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en personas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar esta enfermedad
Ciapponi, A. (2020) · Evidencia actualizacion en la práctica ambulatoria · doi:10.51987/evidencia.v23i1.4268
Uso de metformina para prevención primaria de diabetes mellitus en pacientes de bajo riesgo
Iñurrategui, M. C., & Villalon, G. E. (2021) · Evidencia actualizacion en la práctica ambulatoria · doi:10.51987/evidencia.v24i2.6928
“Is Prediabetes a Risk Factor or Is It a Disease?”
Kohlenberg, J. D., & Vella, A. V. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119603207.ch1
COVID-19
(2020) · Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета · doi:10.24075/brsmu.2020-02
The Mediterranean diet biodiversity impact on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetes
RABHI, H., Guermouche, B., Merzouk, H., & Merzouk, S. A. (2022) · Genetics and Biodiversity Journal · doi:10.46325/gabj.v6i2.269
Telomere biology and target-based approach in correction of insulin resistance in patients with prediabetes
Dudinskaya, Е. N., & Ткачева, О. Н. (2023) · Endocrinology News Opinions Training · doi:10.33029/2304-9529-2023-12-4-112-116
Safety of Contrast Agents Administration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Metformin Intake
Sinitsin, V. E., Filatova, D. A., & Mershina, E. A. (2024) · Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine · doi:10.20862/0042-4676-2023-104-6-348-362
Prediabetes: Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Владимировна, Д. С., Saint Petersburg, R. F., & Volkova, A. R. (2024) · Doctor Ru · doi:10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-4-32-37
Efficacy of metformin in a patient with prediabetes in the framework of pregravity preparation
Алексеевна, Б. Г., Zhaburina, M. V., & Batrak, N. V. (2025) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2025-156
Literatur
(2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21211-6.00016-2
Efficacy and safety of anti-prediabetic drugs in patients with prediabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Wu, Y., Wang, Z., Tuersun, A., Yu, Q., Zhong, Y., Ali, S. S. A., Liu, H., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Pang, L., et al. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04705-2
Das polyzystische Ovarsyndrom (PCOS) – mehr als Insulinresistenz und Androgene
Reger-Tan, S., Lee-Barkey, Y. H., Klose, J. M., & Stratmann, B. (2026) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-2595-2031
Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness in Relation to the Supporting Clinical Evidence Across the Type 2 Diabetes Continuum: A Review of Metformin and SGLT2is
Campbell, I. W., Brand, K. M. G., Gottwald‐Hostalek, U., & Dettenbach, J. (2026) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-026-03592-6
Das polyendokrine metabolische Ovarialsyndrom (PMOS) – mehr als Insulinresistenz und Androgene
Reger-Tan, S., Lee-Barkey, Y. H., Klose, J. M., & Stratmann, B. (2026) · Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin · doi:10.1055/a-2929-4250
Das polyendokrine metabolische Ovarialsyndrom (PMOS) – mehr als Insulinresistenz und Androgene
Reger-Tan, S., Lee-Barkey, Y. H., Klose, J. M., & Stratmann, B. (2026) · Frauenheilkunde up2date · doi:10.1055/a-2954-8686
Licorice flavonoids ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus via modulation of the AMPK/mTORC1/AKT signaling network
Zhang, J., Gao, W., Luo, Y., Hu, S., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186x.2026.2753586

REVIEW STUDY: METFORMIN AND TYPE 2 DM PREVENTION
Alghamdi, S. M. F. A. A. (2020) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3886833
Metformin’s Overall Effectiveness and Combined Action with Lifestyle Interventions in Preventing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in High-Risk Metformin-Naïve Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published RCTs
Tsironikos, G. I., Tsolaki, V., Zakynthinos, G. Ε., Rammou, V., Kyprianidou, D., Antonogiannis, T., Zakynthinos, E. G., & Bargiota, Α. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14144947 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effectiveness of metformin treatment in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with metabolic syndrome
Torres, G. A. L., Medeiros, S. K., Santos, P., Benedito, A. L. M., Cortes, A. D. S. M., dos Santos, K. V., Motta, E. V., Carvalho, F. C., de Oliveira, J. A. P., Melo, L., et al. (2025) · International Health Sciences Review · doi:10.70164/ihsr.v1i4.37
Efficacy of metformin versus lifestyle modifications in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Alotifi, S. A., Alshehri, F. A. D., Mashyakhi, S. Q. Y., Al‐Yahya, M. A., Alqahtani, A. A. S., Asiri, M. D., & Alkhidhran, S. S. S. (2025) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250011
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gnesin, F., Thuesen, A. C. B., Kähler, L. K. A., Madsbad, S., & Hemmingsen, B. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012906.pub2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Madsen, K. S., Chi, Y., Metzendorf, M.-I., Richter, B., & Hemmingsen, B.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
University of Zurich (CH)
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
ORCID: Madsen, Kasper S
Metzendorf, Maria-Inti
Richter, Bernd
Hemmingsen, Bianca
Venue: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-12-03
Volume: 2019
Issue: 12
ISSN: 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
1465-1858
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008558.pub2
OpenAlex: W4211086992
Cited by: 70
References: 190
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9
FWCI: 1.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.zora.uzh.ch
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders: Universitätsklinikum Jena
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: metformin, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, HbA1c, diabetes complications, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, serious adverse events, health-related quality of life, socio-economic impacts, diet and exercise, risk of bias, quality of evidence, risk of bias assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks