The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Barriers to help-seeking by men: a review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression
Abstract
Consultation rates and help-seeking patterns in men are consistently lower than in women, especially in the case of emotional problems and depressive symptoms. Empirical evidence shows that low treatment rates for men cannot be explained by better health, but must be attributed to a discrepancy between perception of need and help-seeking behavior. It is argued that social norms of traditional masculinity make help-seeking more difficult because of the inhibition of emotional expressiveness influencing symptom perception of depression. Other medical and social factors which produce further barriers to help-seeking are also examined. Lines of future research are proposed to investigate the links between changing masculinity and its impact on expressiveness and on the occurrence and presentation of depressive symptoms in men.
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“Simply put, “boys are taught to be stoical and to ignore symptoms (“boys don't cry”), the threshold for expressing pain and emotional sensitivity (especially related to emotions like weakness, uncertainty, helplessness, and sadness) is heightened and results in emotional restriction” (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Möller-Leimkühler, 2002
In the citing paper
“The literature confirmed that help-seeking was found to be challenging for males, however it was generally due to social constructs of masculinity”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Möller-Leimkühler, 2002
In the citing paper
“Men cope with mental health difficulties differently compared to women, demonstrating an increased tendency to self-medicate with alcohol and drugs to alleviate emotional distress”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Möller-Leimkühler, 2002
In the citing paper
“Compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Möller-Leimkühler, 2002
In the citing paper
“studies have also indicated clear gender differences with regards to help-seeking tendencies. This is particularly the case for emotional problems and depression”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002
In the citing paper
“These differences in psychological openness are thought to be due to subjective masculine norms that encourage emotion suppression and lead to the stigmatisation of help-seeking for emotional problems [7].”
From Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
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Nightmares associated with the eveningness chronotype
Nielsen, T. (2010) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730409351677 · Cited by 74
“Since females are more likely than males to seek help, especially for emotional problems (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002), a gender bias in participation may have affected our main findings.”
BackgroundDemyan, A. L., & Anderson, T. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026541 · Cited by 73
“…the fact that women generally endorse more positive attitudes toward treatment (Nam et al., 2010) and are more likely than men to seek treatment (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002), the results from the current investigation demonstrated that men were more likely than women to seek treatment but only…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWilhelm, K. A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 73
Help-seeking intention for depression in early adolescents: Associated factors and sex differences
Ando, S., Nishida, A., Usami, S., Koike, S., Yamasaki, S., Kanata, S., Fujikawa, S., Furukawa, T. A., Fukuda, M., Sawyer, S. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.077 · Cited by 85
Higher comorbidity of depression and cardiovascular disease in women: A biopsychosocial perspective
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2010.523481 · Cited by 72
“…events with higher anxiety and depressiveness, men are more reluctant to report emotional distress, seek help less often than females and use more external strategies to cope with stress and depression such as anger and aggressiveness (M ö ller-Leimk ü hler 2002; M ö ller-Leimk ü hler et al. 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSzékely, A., Thege, B. K., Mergl, R., Birkás, E., Rózsa, S., Purebl, G., & Hegerl, U. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075081 · Cited by 72
“Most of the published suicide prevention programmes have in fact been more successful for women than for men [8–9], probably due to the different and poorer help-seeking behaviour of men [10].”
BackgroundHarris, M., Baxter, A. J., Reavley, N. J., Diminic, S., Pirkis, J., & Whiteford, H. (2015) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796015000876 · Cited by 78
“It has been suggested that men with depression are less able to recognise their symptoms (Kilmartin, 2005) and tend to attribute psychological distress to external factors (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002).”
BackgroundHolden, K. B., McGregor, B. S., Blanks, S. H., & Mahaffey, C. C. (2012) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2012.03.002 · Cited by 81
‘Not the swab!’ Young men’s experiences with STI testing
Shoveller, J., Knight, R., Johnson, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2010) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01222.x · Cited by 71
Šedivy, N. Z., Podlogar, T., Kerr, D., & Leo, D. D. (2017) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.004 · Cited by 73
Ellis, L. A., Collin, P. J., Davenport, T. A., Hurley, P. J., Burns, J. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2291 · Cited by 70
Kang, E., Hyun, M. K., Choi, S. M., Kim, J., Kim, G.-M., & Woo, J. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414540752 · Cited by 69
“Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(1) psychiatric disorders in the issue of suicide (Beautrais, 2003; Jeon et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011; Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002).”
BackgroundResultThe Influence of Social Anchorage on the Gender Difference in the Use of Mental Health Services
Drapeau, A., Boyer, R., & LESAGE, A. D. (2009) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-009-9168-0 · Cited by 69
Farmers' stress and coping in a time of drought
Fennell, K., Kettler, L. J., Skaczkowski, G., & Turnbull, D. A. (2012) · Rural and Remote Health · doi:10.22605/rrh2071 · Cited by 72
Horrell, L., Goldsmith, K. A., Tylee, A. T., Schmidt, U. H., Murphy, C. L., Bonin, E.-M., Beecham, J., Kelly, J., Raikundalia, S., & Brown, J. S. L. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.121855 · Cited by 68
Prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 – results from KidDiCo
Kampmann, J. D., Heaf, J. G., Mogensen, C. B., Mickley, H., Wolff, D. L., & Brandt, F. (2023) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-023-03056-x · Cited by 82
“CKD stage 5 and incident ESKD patients are more likely to be men possibly due to males consulting physicians later during their illness [21].”
BackgroundSelf-protection as an adaptive female strategy
Benenson, J. F., Webb, C. E., & Wrangham, R. W. (2021) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x21002417 · Cited by 71
The state of men?s health in Western Europe
White, A., & Cash, K. (2004) · The Journal of Men s Health and Gender · doi:10.1016/j.jmhg.2004.03.001 · Cited by 67
“This is the case for men with HIV/AIDS [16,17], emotional problems [18,19], and chest pain [20].”
Symptom recognition and help seeking for depression in young adults: a vignette study
Klineberg, E., Biddle, L., Donovan, J., & Gunnell, D. (2010) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0214-2 · Cited by 81
“Low rates of help seeking in young men may reflect a lack of awareness about mental health, or not believing that input from others may be beneficial; enmeshed with gender-related health expectations and behaviours [4].”
BackgroundResultNon-professional-help-seeking among young people with depression: a qualitative study
Hernáez, Á. M., DiGiacomo, S. M., Maicas, N. C., Urquiza, M. C., & Martorell‐Poveda, M. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-124 · Cited by 83
“Some of these studies point out that reluctance to seek professional help is more frequent among young men [19-21] because in the dominant cultural model of masculinity there is less tolerance for vulnerability, emotional fragility is deemed unacceptable, and use of these resources is perceived as a loss of personal a…”
BackgroundThe Role of Gender and Income in Predicting Barriers to Mental Health Care in Canada
Slaunwhite, A. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9814-8 · Cited by 66
Yap, M. B. H., Wright, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.014 · Cited by 66
“Of particular concern is the likely association between such norms and the low rates of help-seeking and service utilization by men with mental disorders (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007), and the high rates of completed suicide among males, especially young men (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
Masculinities, emotions and men’s suicide
River, J., & Flood, M. (2021) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13257 · Cited by 80
Vidair, H. B., Reyes, J. A., Shen, S., Parrilla-Escobar, M. A., Heleniak, C. M., Hollin, I. L., Woodruff, S. C., Turner, J. B., & Rynn, M. A. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.002 · Cited by 68
Sainsbury, K., Evans, E. H., Pedersen, S., Marques, M. M., Teixeira, P. J., Lähteenmäki, L., Stubbs, R. J., Heitmann, B. L., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0487-0 · Cited by 64
“Willingness to report emotional difficulties in men may account for some of this difference [41], or, alternatively suggest that factors other than emotions play a larger role in binge eating in men.”
Pedersen, S., Maindal, H. T., & Ryom, K. (2021) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/15579883211024375 · Cited by 63
Onyeka, I. N., Tervonen, H. E., Korhonen, M. J., Beynon, C. M., Bell, J. S., Ronkainen, K., Föhr, J., Tiihonen, J., & Kauhanen, J. (2012) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2012.735563 · Cited by 63
Narratives of Masculinity and Depression
Valkonen, J., & Hänninen, V. (2012) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x12464377 · Cited by 63
“However, men’s depression also deserves research, since it may have serious consequences, which can be seen in men’s suicide rates (Möller-Leimkühler 2002; Rochlen, Whilde, and Hoyer 2005) and disability pensions (Miranda, Kaila-Kangas, and Ahola 2011).”
BackgroundBerardelli, I., Rogante, E., Sarubbi, S., Erbuto, D., Cifrodelli, M., Concolato, C., Pasquini, M., Lester, D., Innamorati, M., & Pompili, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013309 · Cited by 69
D’Avanzo, B., Barbato, A., Erzegovesi, S., Lampertico, L., Rapisarda, F., & Valsecchi, L. (2012) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901208010047 · Cited by 61
“Females are more likely to seek help than males, who tend more to rely on themselves to solve their problems, often denying the presence of a mental problem [3] [10].”
Wang, P., Wang, X., Zhao, M., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9711-8 · Cited by 62
Adolescents’ Beliefs about Preferred Resources for Help Vary Depending on the Health Issue
Marcell, A. V., & Halpern‐Felsher, B. L. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.006 · Cited by 61
“Our findings are consistent with models of help-seeking that describe that help-seeking occurs in stages [12, 13], in that help is first explored among informal resources (Stage 1) who then may serve to interpret or reinterpret symptoms or pressure an individual to get help (Stage 2).”
ResultGender differences in the psychopathology of depressed inpatients
Winkler, D., Pjrek*, E., Heiden, A. M., Wiesegger, G., Klein, N., Konstantinidis, A., & Kasper, S. F. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0471-8 · Cited by 60
Beliefs about mental health problems and help-seeking behavior in Dutch young adults
Vanheusden, K., van der Ende, J., Mulder, C. L., van Lenthe, F. J., Verhulst, F. C., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0428-8 · Cited by 62
“Men are expected to manage their problems themselves, while for women the helpseeking role is socially acceptable [26].”
BackgroundSeparation as an Important Risk Factor for Suicide: A Systematic Review
Ide, N., Wyder, M., Kõlves, K., & Leo, D. D. (2010) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x10365317 · Cited by 60
“…2000; Davis, Matthews, & Twamley, 1999): they often choose aggression and risk taking as responses to stressful events (Grossman & Wood, 1993; Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002a, 2002b), they avoid coping strategies (Halstead, Johnson, & Cunningham, 1993), and they avoid help seeking (Barker &…”
BackgroundMen's depression and help-seeking through the lenses of gender.
Addis, M. E., & Hoffman, E. (2017) · The psychology of men and masculinities. · doi:10.1037/0000023-007 · Cited by 59
Castro, M. M. C., Quarantini, L. C., Daltro, C., Caldas, M. P., Koenen, K. C., Kraychete, D. C., & de Oliveira, I. R. (2011) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832011000400002 · Cited by 59
Identification of Children of Parents With Mental Illness: A Necessity to Provide Relevant Support
Reedtz, C., Lauritzen, C., Støver, Y. V., Freili, J. L., & Rognmo, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00728 · Cited by 59
“The largest proportion of the parents with mental illnesses were mothers, which is consistent with findings showing that more women than men seek help for mental health problems (51).”
ResultLabels, Gender-Role Conflict, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help in Men
Wahto, R., & Swift, J. K. (2016) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/1557988314561491 · Cited by 56
“Given the research that suggests that some men may avoid psychological help seeking because it is seen as a stigmatizing activity that is not associated with traditional concepts of masculinity (Courtenay, 2000; Johnson et al., 2012; Möller-Leimkühler, 2002; O’Brien et al., 2005; Oliffe & Phillips, 2008), the results…”
BackgroundResultThe association between different traumatic life events and suicidality
Ásgeirsdóttir, H. G., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Þorsteinsdóttir, Þ. K., Lund, S. H., Tomasson, G., Nyberg, U., Ásgeirsdóttir, T. L., & Hauksdóttir, A. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1510279 · Cited by 68
“Furthermore, they seem less likely to seek help for mental health problems after trauma (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002), which may leave untreated symptoms more likely to develop to suicidality.”
BackgroundSayers, E., Rich, J., Rahman, M. M., Kelly, B. J., & James, C. L. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001605 · Cited by 58
Vanheusden, K., van der Ende, J., Mulder, C. L., van Lenthe, F. J., Verhulst, F. C., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0367-4 · Cited by 59
“However, it has been suggested that the traditional masculine role discourages men to admit that they need professional help for mental health problems [27].”
BackgroundMcCusker, M. G., & Galupo, M. P. (2011) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0021071 · Cited by 78
A review of partner‐inclusive interventions for preventing postnatal depression and anxiety
Pilkington, P. D., Whelan, T. A., & Milne, L. C. (2015) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12054 · Cited by 58
Spousal Relative Income and Male Psychological Distress
Syrda, J. (2019) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167219883611 · Cited by 57
“Other research found that men are less likely than women to divulge feelings of depression to their spouse and seek help (Addis, 2008; Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
BackgroundRatcliffe, J., Wigfield, A., & Alden, S. (2019) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x19001387 · Cited by 58
Ahlsen, B., Bondevik, H., Mengshoel, A. M., & Solbrække, K. N. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.793750 · Cited by 57
“health concern [11–15].”
Hoy, S. (2012) · International Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.3149/jmh.1103.202 · Cited by 57
“Women are more likely to recognize and label feelings of distress as emotional problems (Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
BackgroundMen's Health and the Excess Burden of Cancer in Men
White, A., Thomson, C. S., Forman, D., & Meryn, S. (2010) · European Urology Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.eursup.2010.03.003 · Cited by 57
“Although there is evidence that men delay for some conditions (eg, mental health problems) [12], limited evidence shows this propensity with regard to cancer symptoms.”
BackgroundWhat gets in the way? Men’s perspectives of barriers to mental health services
Seidler, Z. E., Rice, S., Kealy, D., Oliffe, J. L., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2019) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764019886336 · Cited by 56
“…health help-seeking are prevailing masculine ideals (e.g., self-reliance), whereby many men’s socialization restricts self-disclosure about vulnerabilities regardless of the distress levels that they are experiencing (Lynch, Long, & Moorhead, 2018; Möller-Leimkühler, 2002; Pederson & Vogel, 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDearden, A., & Mulgrew, K. E. (2013) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2013.778306 · Cited by 59
Masculinities and college men’s depression: Recursive relationships
Oliffe, J. L., Kelly, M. T., Johnson, J. L., Bottorff, J. L., Gray, R. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Galdas, P. (2010) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.5172/hesr.2010.19.4.465 · Cited by 54
“…in terms of cause–effect relationships is depression-suicide, and clinicians, researchers and policymakers agree that suicide is a preventable outcome of severe depression for many young men (Beaudet 1999; Beautrais 2002; Government of Canada 2006; Health Canada 1994; Moller-Leimkuhler 2002).”
BackgroundPrimary care consultation predictors in men and women: a cohort study.
Kapur, N., Hunt, I. M., Lunt, M., McBeth, J., Creed, F. H., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 54
Smaardijk, V. R., Lodder, P., Kop, W. J., van Gennep, B., Maas, A. H. E. M., & Mommersteeg, P. M. C. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.010859 · Cited by 58
“Third, as a consequence of several societal and psychological factors, men are less likely to seek treatment for emotional problems and depressive symptoms.(91) Although men less often report psychological problems than women,(91) questionnaires use the same cutoffs for women and men; this means that men with psycholo…”
BackgroundGetting Fathers Involved in Child-Related Therapy
Phares, V., Fields, S. A., & Binitie, I. (2006) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2005.06.002 · Cited by 53
Wenger, L. M. (2011) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988311409022 · Cited by 54
“Furthermore, depression and mental health concerns, including those associated with physical illness, are frequently cited as particularly threatening to a masculine presentation of stoicism and emotional restraint (Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002; Moynihan, 1998; O’Brien et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialBrown, J. S. L., Blackshaw, E., Stahl, D., Fennelly, L., McKeague, L., Sclare, I., & Michelson, D. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.11.009 · Cited by 52
Providing meaningful care: learning from the experiences of suicidal young men.
Jordan, J., McKenna, H., Keeney, S., Cutcliffe, J. R., Stevenson, C., Slater, P. F., & McGowan, I. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.1177/1049732312450367 · Cited by 52
“Finally, (young) men have been ascribed a relative lack of emotional competence and consequent poor recognition of personal mental distress, further inhibiting disclosure and help seeking (Möller-Leinkühler, 2002; Rickwood, Deane, Wilson, & Ciarrochi, 2005).”
BackgroundVaswani, N. (2014) · The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1111/hojo.12064 · Cited by 52
“The research literature indicates that men do not seek help even when they are in severe emotional distress or at crisis point (Möller-Leimkühler 2002; Sayers, Miller and Ministerial Council for Suicide Prevention 2004), a finding that is attributed to poor emotional and mental health literacy (Sayers, Miller and Mini…”
Treatment Utilization by Gender in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Goodman, M. S., Patil, U., Steffel, L., Avedon, J., Sasso, S., Triebwasser, J., & Stanley, B. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000375711.47337.27 · Cited by 52
Burns, J. M., Webb, M. J., Durkin, L. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2010) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03689.x · Cited by 54
The Socioecology of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Use Among Young Urban Minority Males
Marcell, A. V., Morgan, A. R., Arrington‐Sanders, R., Lunardi, N., Pilgrim, N. A., Jennings, J. M., Page, K. R., Loosier, P. S., & Dittus, P. (2017) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.11.014 · Cited by 52
“A useful framework from the mental health care literature [40] acknowledges that formal care use is the last stage of the help-seeking pathway, if it happens at all; prior stages include symptom perception, evaluation and information seeking, information sharing with significant others,”
Edwards, S., Tinning, L., Brown, J. S. L., Boardman, J., & Weinman, J. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253781.49079.53 · Cited by 52
“This supports findings that women are more likely to seek help than men (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002).”
ResultVariations in Dream Recall Frequency and Dream Theme Diversity by Age and Sex
Nielsen, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00106 · Cited by 51
“Since females are more likely than males to seek help, especially for emotional problems (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002), a self-selection gender bias may have influenced the composition of our sample.”
BackgroundBrown, J. S. L., Casey, S. J., Bishop, A. J., Prytys, M., Whittinger, N., & Weinman, J. (2011) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764009357400 · Cited by 50
“, 2000); To control for gender differences in distress and help-seeking (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002) as well as illness beliefs (Edwards et al.”
BackgroundMethodLafta, M. S., Mwinyi, J., Affatato, O., Rukh, G., Dang, J., Andersson, G., & Schiöth, H. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1340108 · Cited by 58
“For instance, reduced help-seeking behavior among men could account for their lower treatment rates for depression (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002), and existing diagnostic guidelines often lead clinicians to under-diagnose ASD in females (Hull et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFalling through the cracks: gaps in depression treatment among older Mexican‐origin and white men
Hinton, L., Apesoa‐Varano, E. C., González, H. M., Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S., Dwight‐Johnson, M., Barker, J. C., Tran, C., Zuniga, R., & Unützer, J. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3779 · Cited by 49
Suicide in children and young adolescents: A 25-year database on suicides from Northern Finland
Lahti, A., Harju, A., Hakko, H. H., Riala, K., & Räsänen, P. K. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.020 · Cited by 50
Acceptability of internet-based interventions for depression in Indonesia
Arjadi, R., Nauta, M. H., & Bockting, C. L. H. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.04.004 · Cited by 44
Male-Type and Prototypal Depression Trajectories for Men Experiencing Mental Health Problems
Rice, S., Kealy, D., Seidler, Z. E., Oliffe, J. L., Levant, R. F., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197322 · Cited by 49
“The growing recognition of suicide as a gendered phenomenon has led to a greater focus on risk factors experienced by men [7,8].”
BackgroundBeliefs about common health problems and work: A qualitative study
Barnes, M., Buck, R., Williams, G. H., Webb, K., & Aylward, M. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.008 · Cited by 49
Seeking psychological help: A comparison of individual and group treatment
Shechtman, Z., Vogel, D. L., & Maman, N. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300903307648 · Cited by 54
Men, Depression, and Coping: Are We on the Right Path?
Whittle, E., Fogarty, A., Tugendrajch, S., Player, M., Christensen, H., Wilhelm, K., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., & Proudfoot, J. (2015) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0039024 · Cited by 53
Breda, C. S., & Riemer, M. (2012) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0408-x · Cited by 48
“These gender differences underscore the value of using or developing protocols that empower boys and remove barriers to their treatment (Möller-Leimkühler 2002).”
Gender-specific symptoms of depression and anger attacks
Winkler, D., Pjrek, E., & Kasper, S. (2006) · The Journal of Men's Health & Gender · doi:10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.05.004 · Cited by 47
Family history and perceived risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression
Vornanen, M., Konttinen, H. M., Kääriäinen, H., Männistö, S., Salomaa, V. V., Perola, M., & Haukkala, A. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.027 · Cited by 50
Help-seeking prior to male suicide: Bereaved men perspectives
Oliffe, J. L., Broom, A. F., Rossnagel, E., Kelly, M. T., Affleck, W., & Rice, S. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113173 · Cited by 55
Impulsive–Compulsive Buying Disorder: Clinical Overview
Dell’Osso, B. M., Allen, A., Altamura, A. C., Buoli, M., & Hollander, E. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701881561 · Cited by 48
“The differing results between clinical studies and the survey might be due to a greater willingness of women to seek treatment, as has been found for depressive and anxiety disorders [31].”
ResultRiver, J. (2016) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988316661486 · Cited by 58
Preferences and Perceptions About Getting Support Expressed by Low-Income Fathers
Summers, J. A., Boller, K., & Raikes, H. H. (2004) · Fathering A Journal of Theory Research and Practice about Men as Fathers · doi:10.3149/fth.0201.61 · Cited by 46
Harding, C., & Fox, C. (2015) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988314550194 · Cited by 46
“Men’s help-seeking behaviors appear to have not changed discernibly in 40 years with many perceived barriers are still encountered by men (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialMANdatory - why men need (and are needed for) gender equality progress
van Laar, C., Rossum, A. V., Kosakowska‐Berezecka, N., Bongiorno, R., & Block, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1263313 · Cited by 71
“Also, as with medical care, men less often seek psychological help than women (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002; Milner et al., 2020), and especially when they endorse traditional masculine ideals (Berger et al., 2005; Vogel et al., 2011; Yousaf et al., 2015b), adhere to masculine norms such as…”
BackgroundDoyal, L., Anderson, J., & Paparini, S. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.032 · Cited by 46
Perceived Impact of Police Work on Marital Relationships
Karaffa, K. M., Openshaw, L. L., Koch, J. M., Clark, H., Harr, C., & Stewart, C. (2014) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480714564381 · Cited by 46
“The police culture emphasizes the traditional male gender role, which is characterized by aggression, competitiveness, and control (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002; Wester & Lyubelsky, 2005).”
BackgroundForty years of increasing suicide mortality in Poland: Undercounting amidst a hanging epidemic?
Höfer, P., Rockett, I. R. H., Värnik, P., Etzersdorfer, E., & Kapusta, N. D. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-644 · Cited by 45
HeadsUpGuys: Canadian online resource for men with depression.
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Oliffe, J. L., & Beharry, J. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 46
The Ubiquitous Clinical Problem of Adult Intimate Partner Violence: The Need for Routine Assessment.
McCloskey, K., & Grigsby, N. (2005) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.264 · Cited by 46
Young‐Wolff, K. C., Kendler, K. S., Sintov, N. D., & Prescott, C. A. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00978.x · Cited by 45
“Because seeking treatment and social support for MD may be perceived as more socially acceptable for females (Moller-Leimkuhler, 2002), males may be more likely than females to drink to regulate mood rather than seek treatment or help from others.”
Peripartum depression – does it occur in fathers and does it matter?
Veskrna, L. (2010) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2010.10.004 · Cited by 45
“Men, however, are less likely than women to utilize mental health services [9,12,14,83].”
Gough, B. (2015) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0039456 · Cited by 45
Barriers to medical help-seeking among older men with prostate cancer
Medina‐Perucha, L., Yousaf, O., Hunter, M. S., & Grunfeld, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2017.1312661 · Cited by 44
“In addition, when compared to women, men are more reluctant to seek medical and psychological professional advice (Cusack, Deane, Wilson, & Ciarrochi, 2006; Doherty & Kartalova-O’Doherty, 2010; Hale, Grogan, & Willott, 2010; Levant, Wimer, & Williams, 2011; Johnson, Oliffe, Kelly, Galdas & Ogrodniczuk, 2012; McCusker…”
American College Students’ Views of Depression and Utilization of On-Campus Counseling Services
D’Amico, N., Mechling, B., Kemppainen, J. K., Ahern, N. R., & Lee, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390316648777 · Cited by 44
“Traditionally, it has been found that women also tend to have a more positive attitude regarding professional help and often seek help for depression more than men (Möller-Leimkühler, 2002).”
BackgroundSeaton, C. L., Bottorff, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., Medhurst, K., & DeLeenheer, D. (2018) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000182 · Cited by 55
Sara, J. D. S., Ahmad, A., Toya, T., Pardo, L. S., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.021722 · Cited by 46
Mortality associated with depression
Murphy, J. M., Burke, J., Monson, R., Horton, N. J., Laird, N., Lesage, A., Sobol, A., & Leighton, A. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0323-3 · Cited by 42
“Identifying the role played by depression among men in a general population study emphasizes the importance of estimating mortality risk based on ‘‘true’’ in contrast to ‘‘treated’’ prevalence since men are less likely than women to seek help for a disorder like depression [45, 73].”
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in College Students
Sulkowski, M. L., Mariaskin, A., & Storch, E. A. (2011) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.511365 · Cited by 45
Men and Depression: Current Perspectives for Health Care Professionals
Fields, A. J., & Cochran, S. V. (2010) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827610378347 · Cited by 43
“Because men are less likely to recognize the emotional symptoms characteristic of major depression and are less likely to seek professional help once they do recognize these symptoms, the health burdens of depression may be more greatly exacerbated for men.(6,7) Despite having a multitude of health”
BackgroundThe practice of coaching: Exploring alternatives to therapy for counseling-resistant men.
McKelley, R. A., & Rochlen, A. B. (2007) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.53 · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Möller-Leimkühler, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Möller-Leimkühler, Anne Maria
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988759229
- Cited by
- 851
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- help-seeking, men, depression, masculinity, traditional masculinity, emotional expressiveness, barriers to treatment, gender differences, depressive symptoms, symptom perception, social norms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Depression, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Social Conditions, Health Behavior
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