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Cited by 384Treatment of Major DepressionElectroconvulsive Therapy StudiesMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Antidepressant efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine

Janakiramaiah, N., Gangadhar, B.N., Naga Venkatesha Murthy, P.J., Harish, M.G., Subbakrishna, D.K., Vedamurthachar, A.·2000·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00079-8
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Abstract

Background Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a procedure that involves essentially rhythmic hyperventilation at different rates of breathing. The antidepressant efficacy of SKY was demonstrated in dysthymia in a prospective, open clinical trial. This study compared the relative antidepressant efficacy of SKY in melancholia with two of the current standard treatments, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine (IMN). Methods Consenting, untreated melancholic depressives (n=45) were hospitalized and randomized equally into three treatment groups. They were assessed at recruitment and weekly thereafter for four weeks. Results Significant reductions in the total scores on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) occurred on successive occasions in all three groups. The groups, however, did not differ. Significant interaction between the groups and occasion of assessment occurred. At week three, the SKY group had higher scores than the ECT group but was not different from the IMN group. Remission (total HRSD score of seven or less) rates at the end of the trial were 93, 73 and 67% in the ECT, IMN and SKY groups, respectively. No clinically significant side effects were observed. Discussion Within the limitations of the design (lack of double blind conditions), it can be concluded that, although inferior to ECT, SKY can be a potential alternative to drugs in melancholia as a first line treatment.

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Authors
Janakiramaiah, N., Gangadhar, B. N., Naga Venkatesha Murthy, P. J., Harish, M. G., Subbakrishna, D. K., & Vedamurthachar, A.
Affiliations
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IN)
Corresponding author
Gangadhar, B.N.
ORCID
Gangadhar, B.N.
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-01
Volume
57
Issue
1-3
Pages
255-259
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00079-8
OpenAlex
W2111904079
Cited by
384
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 15
FWCI
4.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords
Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, endogenous depression, antidepressant efficacy, electroconvulsive therapy, imipramine, remission rate, comparative treatment effectiveness
MeSH terms
Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Female, Humans, Hyperventilation, Imipramine, Male, Periodicity, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sleep, REM, Yoga, Treatment Outcome

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