Cited by 157Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Localization of the CB1 type cannabinoid receptor in the rat basolateral amygdala: high concentrations in a subpopulation of cholecystokinin-containing interneurons

McDonald, A.J, Mascagni, F·2001·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00380-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The neuronal localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the rat basolateral amygdala was studied using peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemical techniques. All nuclei of the basolateral amygdala contained a large number of lightly stained pyramidal neurons and a small number of more intensely stained non-pyramidal neurons. Most of the latter cells had medium-sized to large multipolar somata and three to four aspiny dendrites, but some exhibited smaller oval somata. The axon initial segments of some of these non-pyramidal neurons exhibited large swollen varicosities in colchicine-injected animals, suggesting that much of the CB1 receptor protein is transported down the axons of these cells. Double-labeling studies using immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the great majority of non-pyramidal neurons with CB1 receptor immunoreactivity belonged to a cholecystokinin-containing subpopulation. Whereas none of the other subpopulations of non-pyramidal neurons (exhibiting immunoreactivity for calretinin, parvalbumin, or somatostatin) expressed high levels of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity, a small percentage of these cells exhibited low levels of immunoreactivity. The results indicate that cannabinoids may modulate the activity of pyramidal projection neurons as well as a subpopulation of cholecystokinin-containing non-pyramidal neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Previous studies indicate that most of the latter are inhibitory interneurons that utilize GABA as a neurotransmitter. The intense staining of the cholecystokinin-containing interneurons and the evidence that large amounts of CB1 receptor protein are transported down the axons of these cells suggests that, as in the hippocampus, cannabinoids may inhibit the release of GABA from the axon terminals of these neurons.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00380-3

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain.
Herkenham, M., Lynn, A. B., Little, M. D., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., de Costa, B. R., & Rice, K. C. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1932 · Cited by 2,321
Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
Herkenham, M., Lynn, A., Johnson, M., Melvin, L., de Costa, B., & Rice, K. (1991) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-02-00563.1991 · Cited by 2,159
Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system
Tsou, K., Brown, S., Sañudo-Peña, M. C., Mackie, K., & Walker, J. M. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00436-3 · Cited by 1,586
The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction.
Aggleton, J. P. (1992) · Wiley-Liss eBooks · Cited by 1,536
Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors
Pertwee, R. G. (1997) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)82001-3 · Cited by 1,526
Presynaptically Located CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Regulate GABA Release from Axon Terminals of Specific Hippocampal Interneurons
Katona, I., Sperlágh, B., Sı́k, A., Käfalvi, A., Vizi, E. S., Mackie, K., & Freund, T. F. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-11-04544.1999 · Cited by 1,218
Expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in distinct neuronal subpopulations in the adult mouse forebrain
Marsicano, G., & Lutz, B. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00847.x · Cited by 937
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
Davis, M., Rainnie, D., & Cassell, M. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90106-6 · Cited by 771
Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action
Marzo, V. D., Melck, D. J., Bisogno, T., & PETROCELLIS, L. D. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01283-1 · Cited by 722

Show all 51 references

Sorted by citations

The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling
Piomelli, D. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1247 · Cited by 1,957
Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety
Tovote, P., Fadok, J. P., & Lüthi, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3945 · Cited by 1,786
Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids in Synaptic Signaling
Freund, T. F., Katona, I., & Piomelli, D. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2003 · Cited by 1,616
“, cerebellar Purkinje neurons), which do not produce the mRNA of CB1, or immunolabeling of glial cells due to the antibody recognizing the antigen carrier protein should be viewed with caution (240, 252, 276, 302).”
Background
Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission
Kano, M., Ohno‐Shosaku, T., Hashimotodani, Y., Uchigashima, M., & Watanabe, M. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2008 · Cited by 1,595
Modulation of anxiety through blockade of anandamide hydrolysis
Kathuria, S., Gaetani, S., Fegley, D., Valiño, F., Duranti, A., Tontini, A., Mor, M., Tarzia, G., Rana, G. L., Calignano, A., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm803 · Cited by 1,293
Mechanisms of fear extinction
Myers, K. M., & Davis, M. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001939 · Cited by 1,277
Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition, Expression, and Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Pape, H.-C., & Pare, D. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2009 · Cited by 994
“(SOM), vasoactive intestinal peptide, or cholecystokinin (CCK; Refs.”
ENDOCANNABINOID-MEDIATED SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE CNS
Chevaleyre, V., Takahashi, K. A., & Castillo, P. E. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112834 · Cited by 829
Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system
Mackie, K. (2005) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_10 · Cited by 744
“As in other regions of the forebrain, CB1 receptors are primarily expressed on large, GABAergic, CCK-containing axon terminals (Katona et al. 2001; McDonald and Mascagni 2001).”
Background
Molecular mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory in the lateral amygdala
Rodrigues, S. M., Schafe, G. E., & LeDoux, J. E. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.014 · Cited by 491
Pharmacological Evaluation of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands in a Mouse Model of Anxiety: Further Evidence for an Anxiolytic Role for Endogenous Cannabinoid Signaling
Patel, S., & Hillard, C. J. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.101287 · Cited by 397
“…and motivation [i.e., the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus (Tsou et al., 1998a,b; Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Gulyas et al., 2004)] is also consistent with a role for this system in the regulation of emotional behavior.”
Background
Enhancing Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Augments the Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Chhatwal, J. P., Davis, M., Maguschak, K. A., & Ressler, K. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300655 · Cited by 376
“These hybridization results are in close agreement with previous studies using immunohistochemical and hybridization techniques (Katona et al, 1999; Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Result
Endocannabinoid signaling, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hill, M. N., & Tasker, J. G. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.030 · Cited by 346
Endocannabinoid Signaling in Rat Somatosensory Cortex: Laminar Differences and Involvement of Specific Interneuron Types
Bodor, Á. L., Katona, I., Nyíri, G., Mackie, K., Ledent, C., Hájos, N., & Freund, T. F. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0442-05.2005 · Cited by 325
“Similarly, large CCK-positive cells were found to express CB 1 receptors in both the basolateral amygdala (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) and hippocampus (Katona et al., 1999).”
Background
Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: A cellular mechanism of fear learning and memory
Sigurdsson, T., Doyère, V., Cain, C. K., & LeDoux, J. E. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.06.022 · Cited by 333
“, 2005), cannabinoids (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Marsicano et al., 2002) and dopamine (Brinley-Reed and McDonald, 1999; Bissiere et al.”
Background
Suppression of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling by stress contributes to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Hill, M. N., McLaughlin, R. J., Morrish, A. C., Viau, V., Floresco, S. B., Hillard, C. J., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.114 · Cited by 304
Circuitry for associative plasticity in the amygdala involves endocannabinoid signaling
Azad, S. C., Monory, K., Marsicano, G., Cravatt, B. F., Lutz, B., Zieglgänsberger, W., & Rammes, G. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2134-04.2004 · Cited by 263
Divergent Effects of Genetic Variation in Endocannabinoid Signaling on Human Threat- and Reward-Related Brain Function
Hariri, A. R., Gorka, A. X., Hyde, L. W., Kimak, M. A., Halder, I., Ducci, F., Ferrell, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Manuck, S. B. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.047 · Cited by 264
“Such effects of eCB signaling on anxiety-like behaviors are likely mediated through the amygdala, where CB1 receptors are densely expressed (47; 48), and both AEA and 2-AG concentrations are markedly elevated during the presentation of anxiogenic stimuli (49).”
Basolateral amygdala and stress-induced hyperexcitability affect motivated behaviors and addiction
Sharp, B. M. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.161 · Cited by 244
Role of stress, corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and amygdala plasticity in chronic anxiety
Shekhar, A., Truitt, W., Rainnie, D., & Sajdyk, T. (2005) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890500504557 · Cited by 237
“It appears that in the BLA, similar to the cortex, the non-pyramidal cells impinge on the pyramidal cells and modulate the activity of these projection neurons (McDonald and Mascagni 2001a,b,c).”
Background
Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress
Gunduz-Cinar, O., Hill, M. N., McEwen, B. S., & Holmes, A. (2013) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.08.008 · Cited by 229
Activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 decreases glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in the lateral amygdala of the mouse
Azad, S. C., Eder, M., Marsicano, G., Lutz, B., Zieglgänsberger, W., & Rammes, G. (2003) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.53303 · Cited by 220
“Among other brain regions, CB1 is highly expressed in the amygdala (Marsicano and Lutz 1999; Katona et al. 2001; McDonald and Mascagni 2001), which is an integral component of the limbic circuitry.”
Background
Endocannabinoids in the regulation of appetite and body weight
Kirkham, T. C. (2005) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-200509000-00004 · Cited by 224
“CB1 receptors are also expressed by CCKcontaining neurons within the brain (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001), although the implications of this association to feeding have not been studied.”
Background
Interneurons in the basolateral amygdala
Spampanato, J. G., Polepalli, J. S., & Sah, P. (2010) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.006 · Cited by 216
“Calbindin (CB) expression accounts for approximately half of all the interneurons in the BLA and calretinin (CR) expression accounts for approximately 20% of those remaining (Kemppainen and Pitkanen, 2000; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001a).”
Background
Cannabinoids potentiate emotional learning plasticity in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex through basolateral amygdala inputs
Laviolette, S. R., & Grace, A. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0707-06.2006 · Cited by 189
“Receptors for endogenous cannabinoids are found ubiquitously throughout the CNS, with the CB1 cannabinoid receptor subtype localized to regions known to be involved in associative learning and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, and frontal cortical regions (Tsou et al., 1998; Marsicano…”
The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease
Scotter, E. L., Abood, M. E., & Glass, M. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00735.x · Cited by 188
“Several studies have found no overlap between astrocytic and CB1 immunostaining (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Marchalant et al., 2007; Marchalant et al., 2008), therefore there was a call for more definitive studies to confirm that the CB1-positive perivascular glia reported by several other groups…”
The basolateral amygdala γ‐aminobutyric acidergic system in health and disease
Prager, E. M., Bergstrom, H. C., Wynn, G. H., & Braga, M. F. M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23690 · Cited by 192
“CR interneurons make up about 25–30% of BLA GABAergic interneurons and innervate primarily other interneurons (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001a; Muller et al., 2003, 2006; Capogna, 2014).”
Influential
Cannabinoid receptor activation in the basolateral amygdala blocks the effects of stress on the conditioning and extinction of inhibitory avoidance
Ganon-Elazar, E., & Akirav, I. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1223-09.2009 · Cited by 173
“Within the BLA, high concentrations of CB1 receptors are found localized on a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001), suggesting an important regulatory role for CB1 receptor transmission within the BLA through endocannabinoid signaling.”
Background
The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction
Laviolette, S. R., & Grace, A. A. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6027-5 · Cited by 172
Synergistic interactions between cannabinoids and environmental stress in the activation of the central amygdala
Patel, S., Cravatt, B. F., & Hillard, C. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300535 · Cited by 164
“CB1 receptors are also expressed by BLA pyramidal neurons, but at lower levels (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of the amygdala in the extinction of conditioned fear.
Barad, M., Gean, P., & Lutz, B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.029 · Cited by 168
Immunohistochemical characterization of cholecystokinin containing neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala
Mascagni, F., & McDonald, A. J. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02625-8 · Cited by 157
Physiological and morphological characterization of parvalbumin‐containing interneurons of the rat basolateral amygdala
Rainnie, D. G., Mania, I., Mascagni, F., & McDonald, A. J. (2006) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21049 · Cited by 151
Distinct cannabinoid sensitive receptors regulate hippocampal excitation and inhibition
Hájos, N., & Freund, T. F. (2002) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00149-4 · Cited by 122
The Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Visual Cortex Requires Endocannabinoid-Mediated LTD of Inhibitory Inputs during a Critical Period
Jiang, B., Huang, S., Pasquale, R. D., Millman, D. J., Song, L., Lee, H., Tsumoto, T., & Kirkwood, A. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.021 · Cited by 123
“…first to report endocannabinoid modulation of synaptic function made by FS-PV interneurons in the mammalian cortex, although such modulation has been documented in the amygdala (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) and basal ganglia (Freiman et al., 2006; Narushima et al., 2006; Uchigashima et al., 2007).”
Background
Cannabinoids modulate neuronal firing in the rat basolateral amygdala: evidence for CB1- and non-CB1-mediated actions.
Pistis, M., Perra, S., Pillolla, G., Melis, M., Gessa, G., & Muntoni, A. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.08.003 · Cited by 124
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Related Transcript Is Involved in the Orexigenic Effect of Endogenous Anandamide
Osei‐Hyiaman, D., DePetrillo, M. A., Harvey-White, J. D., Bannon, A. W., Cravatt, B. F., Kuhar, M. J., Mackie, K., Palkovits, M., & Kunos, G. (2005) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000087925 · Cited by 110
Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Amygdala Modulate Morphine Reward and Anxiety Behaviors in the Mouse
Gadd, C. A., Murtra, P., Felipe, C. D., & Hunt, S. P. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-23-08271.2003 · Cited by 107
“Interestingly, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor is also expressed on the GABAergic interneurons of the basolateral nucleus, at least in the rat and the mouse (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
Synaptic connections of distinct interneuronal subpopulations in the rat basolateral amygdalar nucleus
Muller, J. F., Mascagni, F., & McDonald, A. J. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10435 · Cited by 101
The Association between Regular Cannabis Exposure and Alterations of Human Brain Morphology: An Updated Review of the Literature
Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., Fornito, A., Lubman, D. I., & Yücel, M. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990435 · Cited by 99
“, including the hippocampus, amygdala, PFC and cerebellum) high in CB1 receptors [47-56] and mediating emotional [57-65] and neurocognitive processes that are altered with regular cannabinoid exposure [6, 66-77].”
Background
Serotonin‐immunoreactive axon terminals innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala
Muller, J. F., Mascagni, F., & McDonald, A. J. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21486 · Cited by 93
“…by Dr. Kenneth Baimbridge, University of British Columbia) or rabbit anti-VIP (1:2,000; Immunostar) to label specific populations of interneurons (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001a; Mascagni and McDonald, 2003), or in mouse anti-CaMK (20 g/ml; Chemicon) to label pyramidal cells (McDonald et al.,…”
Influential
Anatomical Distribution of Receptors, Ligands and Enzymes in the Brain and in the Spinal Cord: Circuitries and Neurochemistry
Marsicano, G., & Kuner, R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74349-3_10 · Cited by 103
Cannabinoid transmission in the basolateral amygdala modulates fear memory formation via functional inputs to the prelimbic cortex
Tan, H., Lauzon, N. M., Bishop, S. F., Chi, N., Bechard, M., & Laviolette, S. R. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4718-10.2011 · Cited by 92
“Within the BLA, high concentrations of CB1 receptors are found localized on inhibitory interneurons (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
Hypothesis: The Psychedelic Ayahuasca Heals Traumatic Memories via a Sigma 1 Receptor-Mediated Epigenetic-Mnemonic Process
Inserra, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00330 · Cited by 91
“Since CB1 receptors are enriched in the amygdala (one of the brain areas hyperactivated by Ayahuasca), and given that CB1 or NMDA agonists prevent fear expression during traumatic memory retrieval, this supports a role for Ayahuasca in the updating and reconsolidation of traumatic memories by modulating the fear respo…”
BackgroundInfluential
Infusion of cannabidiol into infralimbic cortex facilitates fear extinction via CB1 receptors
Monte, F. H. D., de Souza, R. R., de Bitencourt, R. M., Kroon, J. A. V., & Takahashi, R. N. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.045 · Cited by 94
Short-term adaptation of conditioned fear responses through endocannabinoid signaling in the central amygdala
Kamprath, K., Romo-Parra, H., Häring, M., Gaburro, S., Doengi, M., Lutz, B., & Pape, H.-C. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.196 · Cited by 86
“In line with this finding, other studies detected a faint immunopositive signal in the CeA (Tsou et al, 1998; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Patel et al, 2005a).”
Result
The endocannabinoid system and nondrug rewarding behaviours
Fattore, L., Melis, M., Fadda, P., Pistis, M., & Fratta, W. (2010) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.03.020 · Cited by 96
“The BLA expresses high levels of CB1 receptors (Herkenham et al., 1991; Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) and CB1 mRNA (Marsicano and Lutz, 1999).”
Background
Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety
Petrie, G. N., Nastase, A. S., Aukema, R. J., & Hill, M. N. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108626 · Cited by 91
Temporal characterization of changes in hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus
Falenski, K. W., Carter, D. S., Harrison, A. J., Martin, B. R., Blair, R. E., & DeLorenzo, R. J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.036 · Cited by 85
Chapter 5 The Endocannabinoid System as A Target for Novel Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Drugs
Gaetani, S., Dipasquale, P., Romano, A., Righetti, L., Cassano, T., Piomelli, D., & Cuomo, V. (2009) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(09)85005-8 · Cited by 83
“High densities of CB1 are found in the basolateral amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus, brain regions that serve diVerent functions in the regulation of emotions (Cahill and McGaugh, 1998; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
The Endocannabinoid System Tonically Regulates Inhibitory Transmission and Depresses the Effect of Ethanol in Central Amygdala
Roberto, M., Cruz, M. T., Bajo, M., Siggins, G. R., Parsons, L. H., & Schweitzer, P. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.70 · Cited by 85
“Our data are in agreement with immunohistochemical findings of light CB1 staining in CeA (Tsou et al., 1998; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001), and apparent low levels of CB1 appear to be sufficient to generate a large physiological response.”
Influential
Differential Effects of Single Versus Repeated Alcohol Withdrawal on the Expression of Endocannabinoid System‐Related Genes in the Rat Amygdala
Serrano, A., Rivera, P., Pavón, F. J., Decara, J. M., Suárez, J., de Fonseca, F. R., & Parsons, L. H. (2011) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01686.x · Cited by 86
“However, other studies have detected faint but consistent immunopositive CB1 signal in the CeA (Kamprath et al., 2011; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Patel et al., 2005a; Tsou et al., 1998) and recent work has demonstrated a robust endocannabinoid influence on both excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the CeA (Kamp…”
Background
GABAergic cell type diversity in the basolateral amygdala
Capogna, M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.01.006 · Cited by 91
“Another cell population that expresses cholecystokinin (CCK), often together with CB and type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors [27] makes synapses with somata [28], suggesting analogy with cortical CCK-expressing basket cells [29].”
Integrated cannabinoid CB1 receptor transmission within the amygdala–prefrontal cortical pathway modulates neuronal plasticity and emotional memory encoding
Tan, H., Lauzon, N. M., Bishop, S. F., Bechard, M. A., & Laviolette, S. R. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp210 · Cited by 81
“found localized on a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons (McDonald and Mascagni 2001) suggesting an important regulatory role for CB1 receptor transmission within the BLA through endocannabinoid signaling.”
BackgroundInfluential
Functional Interactions between Endocannabinoid and CCK Neurotransmitter Systems May Be Critical for Extinction Learning
Chhatwal, J. P., Gutman, A. R., Maguschak, K. A., Bowser, M. E., Yang, Y., Davis, M., & Ressler, K. J. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.97 · Cited by 80
“In terms of understanding the neural circuitry underlying the process of extinction learning, the present study in combination with the aforementioned anatomical studies describing high concentrations of CB1Rs on the presynaptic terminals of CCK + interneurons (Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) su…”
BackgroundResult
Supraspinal modulation of pain by cannabinoids: the role of GABA and glutamate
Rea, K., Roche, M., & Finn, D. P. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707440 · Cited by 81
Endocannabinoids: Effectors of glucocorticoid signaling
Balsevich, G., Petrie, G. N., & Hill, M. N. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.005 · Cited by 82
“Within the amygdala, CB1 receptors are located on both glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals (Katona et al., 2001; Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001), yet CB1-mediated suppression of glutamate transmission dominates, resulting in an overall reduction in the firing activity of…”
Background
Role of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in endocannabinoid-mediated stress-induced analgesia
Connell, K., Bolton, N., Olsen, D., Piomelli, D., & Hohmann, A. G. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.008 · Cited by 76
Functional neuroanatomy of the basolateral amygdala: Neurons, neurotransmitters, and circuits
McDonald, A. J. (2020) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815134-1.00001-5 · Cited by 84
Orexin/hypocretin receptor modulation of anxiolytic and antidepressive responses during social stress and decision-making: Potential for therapy
Summers, C. H., Yaeger, J. D. W., Staton, C. D., Arendt, D. H., & Summers, T. R. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.036 · Cited by 76
“Local inhibitory circuits associated with the intercalated cells and basolateral amygdala appear to play an important role regulating fear learning and extinction (Amano et al., 2010; Likhtik et al., 2008; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Trouche et al., 2013).”
The Role of Cannabinoid Transmission in Emotional Memory Formation: Implications for Addiction and Schizophrenia
Tan, H., Ahmad, T., Loureiro, M., Zunder, J. S., & Laviolette, S. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00073 · Cited by 72
Complementary distribution of type 1 cannabinoid receptors and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 in basal forebrain suggests input‐specific retrograde signalling by cholinergic neurons
Harkany, T., Härtig, W., Berghuis, P., Dobszay, M. B., Zilberter, Y., Edwards, R. H., Mackie, K., & Ernfors, P. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02898.x · Cited by 72
Mediation of Amphetamine-Induced Long-Term Depression of Synaptic Transmission by CB1Cannabinoid Receptors in the Rat Amygdala
Huang, Y.-C., Wang, S., Chiou, L., & Gean, P. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-32-10311.2003 · Cited by 70
“Although pyramidal cells exhibited weak expression of CB1 receptor mRNA and much less CB1immunoreactive boutons ( McDonald and Mascagni, 2002 ), our results show that endocannabinoids released by amphetamine are capable of inducing LTD of excitatory synaptic transmission.”
BackgroundResult
Neuronal diversity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Beyeler, A., & Dabrowska, J. (2020) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815134-1.00003-9 · Cited by 74
Post‐natal development of type 1 cannabinoid receptor immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus
Morozov, Y. M., & Freund, T. F. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02852.x · Cited by 67
Stress disrupts engram ensembles in lateral amygdala to generalize threat memory in mice
Lesuis, S. L., Park, S., Hoorn, A., Rashid, A. J., Mocle, A. J., Salter, E. W., Vislavski, S., Gray, M. T., Torelli, A. M., Cristofaro, A. D., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.034 · Cited by 82
“Consistent with previous reports, 77,78 we conﬁrmed Cnr1 expression in several brain regions, including the basal nucleus of the amygdala, cortex, CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus subﬁelds of the dorsal hippocampus, as well as the LA (Figures 5A and 5B).”
Interneuron Types and Their Circuits in the Basolateral Amygdala
Hájos, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.687257 · Cited by 66
“SST interneurons have smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites, give rise to dense local axonal arborization (Vereczki et al., 2021) and often express Calb and/or neuropeptide Y (McDonald, 1989; McDonald and Mascagni, 2002) but lack nNOS (Vereczki et al., 2021).”
Background
Attenuation of Cue-Induced Heroin-Seeking Behavior by Cannabinoid CB1 Antagonist Infusions into the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Prefrontal Cortex, but Not Basolateral Amygdala
Alvarez‐Jaimes, L., Polis, I. Y., & Parsons, L. H. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301630 · Cited by 64
“Overall, little is known regarding to the role of CB1 receptors in the PFC, NAC, and BLA in the modulation of drug-seeking behavior.”
Background
Endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala: anatomy, synaptic signaling, behavior, and adaptations to stress
Ramikie, T. S., & Patel, S. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.037 · Cited by 62
“…sized CCK neurons (type L) co-expresses CB1 (100% co-expression of CB1 and CCK in L-type CCK-positive neurons), whereas only a small population of the small CCK-expressing neurons (type S) co-expresses CB1 (10–14% co-localization depending on anatomical subregion) (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Participation of the opioid system in cannabinoid-induced antinociception and emotional-like responses
Maldonado, R. J., & Valverde, O. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.08.001 · Cited by 62
A novel subpopulation of 5-HT type 3A receptor subunit immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala
Mascagni, F., & McDonald, A. J. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.044 · Cited by 61
Distinct Subtypes of Cholecystokinin (CCK)-Containing Interneurons of the Basolateral Amygdala Identified Using a CCK Promoter-Specific Lentivirus
Jasnow, A. M., Ressler, K. J., Hammack, S. E., Chhatwal, J. P., & Rainnie, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.91149.2008 · Cited by 60
“In light of the fact that CB1 receptors are expressed predominantly by CCK interneurons in the BLA (Katona et al. 2001; McDonald and Mascagni 2001b), these data would further suggest that Type I and Type II CCK interneurons may preferentially express CB1 receptors.”
BackgroundInfluential
Interaction between the Cholecystokinin and Endogenous Cannabinoid Systems in Cued Fear Expression and Extinction Retention
Bowers, M. E., & Ressler, K. J. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.225 · Cited by 54
“Intriguingly, Cnr1 shows a high degree of colocalization with CCK in the BLA at the mRNA and protein level (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001; Chhatwal et al, 2009).”
Parvalbumin‐containing interneurons in the basolateral amygdala express high levels of the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor
McDonald, A. J., & Mascagni, F. (2004) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20101 · Cited by 53
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor and serotonin 3 receptor subunit A (5‐HT3A) are co‐expressed in GABA neurons in the rat telencephalon
Morales, M., Wang, S., Dı́az-Ruiz, O., & Jho, D. H. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10968 · Cited by 54
“…CB1 protein were shown to be present in GABAergic neurons distributed in different areas of the telencephalon, such as cortical areas, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and amygdala (Katona et al., 1999, 2001; Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; Tsou et al., 1999; Hajos et al., 2000; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
β‐adrenergic receptors are differentially expressed in distinct interneuron subtypes in the rat hippocampus
Cox, D. J., Racca, C., & LeBeau, F. E. N. (2008) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21758 · Cited by 53
“Anti-cholecystokinin antibody preadsorption with CCK-8 (25 g/ml) abolished all immunostaining in rat basolateral amygdala (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
Differential role of the basolateral amygdala 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 serotonin receptors upon ACPA-induced anxiolytic-like behaviors and emotional memory deficit in mice
Chegini, H., Nasehi, M., & Zarrindast, M. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.007 · Cited by 52
Alcohol Inhibits Spontaneous Activity of Basolateral Amygdala Projection Neurons in the Rat: Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System
Perra, S., Pillolla, G., Luchicchi, A., & Pistis, M. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00588.x · Cited by 49
Recent advances in the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of possible mechanisms underlying an effective pharmacotherapy
Malikowska‐Racia, N., & Sałat, K. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.001 · Cited by 50
Immunohistochemical characterization of parvalbumin-containing interneurons in the monkey basolateral amygdala
Mascagni, F., Muly, E. C., Rainnie, D. G., & McDonald, A. J. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.11.017 · Cited by 47
Increased sensitivity to restraint stress and novelty-induced emotionality following long-term, high dose cannabinoid exposure
Hill, M. N., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.11.010 · Cited by 49
The CB1 inverse agonist AM251, but not the CB1 antagonist AM4113, enhances retention of contextual fear conditioning in rats
Sink, K. S., Segovia, K. N., Collins, L. E., Markus, E. J., Vemuri, K. V., Makriyannis, A., & Salamone, J. D. (2010) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.03.011 · Cited by 44
“2009) including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and basolateral amygdala, express a moderate to high density of CB1 receptor protein (Chhatwal et al. 2008; Herkenham et al. 1991; Katona et al. 2001; McDonald and Mascagni 2001).”
Background
Molecular Mechanisms of Threat Learning in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala
Sears, R. M., Schiff, H. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (2014) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00010-6 · Cited by 44
Cannabinoid type 1 receptors located on single-minded 1–expressing neurons control emotional behaviors
Dubreucq, S., Kambiré, S. J., Conforzi, M., Metna‐Laurent, M., Cannich, A., Gómez, E. S., Richard, É. M., Marsicano, G., & Chaouloff, F. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.049 · Cited by 44
Addressing sufficiency of the CB1 receptor for endocannabinoid-mediated functions through conditional genetic rescue in forebrain GABAergic neurons
Remmers, F., Lange, M. D., Hamann, M., Ruehle, S., Pape, H., & Lutz, B. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1411-5 · Cited by 44
“2015), therefore, might be CB1-positive as well (Marsicano and Lutz 1999; McDonald and Mascagni 2001) and thus are potentially rescued in GABA-CB1-RS mice.”
Background
CB1 RECEPTOR ACTIVATION IN THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA PRODUCES ANTINOCICEPTION IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ACUTE AND TONIC NOCICEPTION
Hasanein, P., Parviz, M., Keshavarz, M., & Javanmardi, K. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04592.x · Cited by 43
“The amygdala is a forebrain structure that has a high density of CB1 receptors; that is, the cannabinoid receptor subtype predominantly found in the central nervous system (CNS).(18,19) In addition to being a key region involved in the modulation of emotional and defensive responses, the amygdala is also associated wi…”
Background
Cell‐specific expression of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat basolateral amygdala
Rostkowski, A. B., Teppen, T. L., Peterson, D. A., & Urban, J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22143 · Cited by 43
“…based on colocalization of GABA with different calcium-binding proteins (CaBP; calretinin, CR; parvalbumin, PV; calbindin, CB) and neuropeptides (cholecystokinin, CCK; somatostatin, SOM; neuropeptide Y, NPY) (McDonald, 1985, 1997; Kemppainen and Pitkanen, 2000; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001a).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
VGluT3-Expressing CCK-Positive Basket Cells Construct Invaginating Synapses Enriched with Endocannabinoid Signaling Proteins in Particular Cortical and Cortex-Like Amygdaloid Regions of Mouse Brains
Omiya, Y., Uchigashima, M., Konno, K., Yamasaki, M., Miyazaki, T., Yoshida, T., Kusumi, I., & Watanabe, M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4681-14.2015 · Cited by 42
“In the BA, cells intensely expressing CB1 mRNA are known to be CCK-positive GABAergic interneurons (Marsicano and Lutz, 1999; Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001).”
Background
Effects of Repeated Stress on Age-Dependent GABAergic Regulation of the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala
Zhang, W., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.33 · Cited by 42
Basolateral amygdala CB1 cannabinoid receptors mediate nicotine-induced place preference
Hashemizadeh, S., Sardari, M., & Rezayof, A. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.010 · Cited by 39
“Considering that CB1 receptors have predominantly expressed in the BLA (McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) and intra-BLA administration ofWIN 55,212-2 increased rewarding properties of a sub-threshold dose of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg), onemay suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the BLA have an important…”
BackgroundInfluential
The endocannabinoid system in the amygdala and modulation of fear
Gunduz‐Cinar, O. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110116 · Cited by 40
“CB1Rs are mostly expressed on GABAergic INs that co-express the neuropeptide CCK in the amygdala (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001) and other brain regions (Bodor et al.”
Morphological and physiological properties of CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons in the basal amygdala
Rovira-Esteban, L., Péterfi, Z., Vikór, A., Máté, Z., Szabó, G., & Hájos, N. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1417-z · Cited by 34
“These studies uncovered that the vast majority of CCK+ interneurons innervating PNs uniformly express the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) on their boutons (Katona et al. 2001; McDonald and Mascagni 2001; Vogel et al. 2016; Barsy et al. 2016; Veres et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
NECAB1 and NECAB2 are Prevalent Calcium-Binding Proteins of CB1/CCK-Positive GABAergic Interneurons
Miczán, V., Kelemen, K., Glavinics, J. R., László, Z. I., Barti, B., Kenesei, K., Kisfali, M., & Katona, I. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa326 · Cited by 30
Long-Term Outcomes of Adolescent THC Exposure on Translational Cognitive Measures in Adulthood in an Animal Model and Computational Assessment of Human Data
Ferland, J. N., Ellis, R. J., Betts, G., Silveira, M. M., de Firmino, J. B., Winstanley, C. A., & Hurd, Y. L. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3915 · Cited by 32
Excitation of Diverse Classes of Cholecystokinin Interneurons in the Basal Amygdala Facilitates Fear Extinction
Rovira-Esteban, L., Gunduz‐Cinar, O., Bukalo, O., Limoges, A., Brockway, E. T., Müller, K., Fenno, L. E., Kim, Y. S., Ramakrishnan, C., Andrási, T., et al. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0220-19.2019 · Cited by 34
“Targeted neurons express functional CB1R Based on earlier reports that CCK-containing basket cells in the BA express CB1R, we next asked whether the targeted BA INs were CB1R-positive (Katona et al., 2001; McDonald and Mascagni, 2001a; Vereczki et al., 2016; Veres et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Inhibitory Circuits in the Basolateral Amygdala in Aversive Learning and Memory
Perumal, M. B., & Sah, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.633235 · Cited by 31
“Nearly half these cells also express calbindin (McDonald and Mascagni, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Redistribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors during evolution of cholinergic basal forebrain territories and their cortical projection areas: A comparison between the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus, primates) and rat
Harkany, T., Dobszay, M. B., Cayetanot, F., Härtig, W., Siegemund, T., Aujard, F., & Mackie, K. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.043 · Cited by 30
Endocannabinoid signaling and memory dynamics: A synaptic perspective
Drumond, A., Madeira, N., & Fonseca, R. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.031 · Cited by 29
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is involved in the anxiolytic, sedative and amnesic actions of benzodiazepines
García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., & Manzanares, J. (2009) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881109106910 · Cited by 30
“The dose of 20 mg/kg was without effects in all the brain regions examined (AMY F(3,31)¼ 28.833, p¼ 0.065; CA1 F(3,32)¼ 5.905, p¼ 0.499; CA2 F(3,33)¼ 0.764, p¼ 0.558; CA3 F(3,34)¼ 0.337, p¼ 0.815; DG F(3,30)¼ 0.074, p¼ 0.883) (Figure 2).”
BackgroundInfluential
Ultrastructural localization of cannabinoid CB1 and mGluR5 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala
Fitzgerald, M. L., Mackie, K., & Pickel, V. M. (2019) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24704 · Cited by 28
“These findings are in agreement with the expression of CB1 in a subpopulation of CCKcontaining interneurons in the amygdala (McDonald & Mascagni, 2001), and are also consistent with findings in the mouse forebrain (Marsicano & Lutz, 1999).”
Result

Authors: McDonald, A. J., & Mascagni, F.
Affiliations: University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: McDonald, A.J
ORCID: McDonald, A.J
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-11
Volume: 107
Issue: 4
Pages: 641-652
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00380-3
OpenAlex: W2034121461
Cited by: 157
References: 51
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 4.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 41301, P30DK041301)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 38998)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: CB1 receptor, basolateral amygdala, cholecystokinin, interneurons, non-pyramidal neurons, axonal transport, calretinin, parvalbumin, somatostatin
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Antibody Specificity, Cholecystokinin, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Interneurons, Male, Receptors, Drug, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microscopy, Confocal, Receptors, Cannabinoid, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Localization of the CB1 type cannabinoid receptor in the rat basolateral amygdala: high concentrations in a subpopulation of cholecystokinin-containing interneurons

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks