Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
Abstract
An impressive amount of evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in the acquisition, consolidation and retention or expression of conditioned fear. Electrophysiological data are beginning to detail the transmitters and inter-amygdala connections that transmit information to, within, and out of the amygdala. In general, treatments that increase the excitability of amygdala output neurons in the basolateral nucleus (for example, by decreasing opiate and GABA transmission, and increasing noradrenergic transmission) improve aversive conditioning, whereas treatments that decrease excitability of these neurons (by increasing opiate and GABA transmission, and decreasing NMDA and noradrenergic transmission) retard aversive conditioning as well as producing anxiolytic effects in appropriate animal tests. A better understanding of brain systems that inhibit the amygdala, as well as the role of its very high levels of peptides, might eventually lead to the development of more effective pharmacological strategies for treating clinical anxiety and memory disorders.
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The amygdala is the critical structure involved in the formation and storage of conditioned fear associations, but it also has a role in many emotional functions including social odor processing and assessing hedonic value of stimuli.
“The amygdala is considered to be the critical structure involved in the formation and storage of conditioned fear associations (Davis et al., 1994, Phelps and LeDoux, 2005), but it has a role in many emotional functions, including those unrelated to fear, such as social odor processing and assessing hedonic value of stimuli (Holland and Gallagher, 2004, Maren and Fanselow, 1996, Phelps and LeDoux,”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Davis et al., 1994
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- Authors
- Davis, M., Rainnie, D., & Cassell, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 208-214
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055875395
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29ns025139-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH MH-47840, NIMH MH-00004)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIMH NS25139)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- amygdala, neurotransmission, fear conditioning, anxiety, basolateral amygdala, aversive conditioning, GABA transmission, noradrenergic neurotransmission, anxiolytic effects, memory consolidation
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Electrophysiology, Fear, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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