The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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A convenient prediction model for complete recovery time after exhaustion in high-intensity work
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“We termed the A-HRmax proposed by Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001) as A1-HRmax.”
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“7 3 age).(6) This heart-rate range was given to each participant to note on the heart-rate monitor during activity.”
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“imal heart rate [32], meaning that most participants in this study”
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Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Responses in Children During Exercise
Erichsen, J. M., Dykstra, B. J., Hidde, M. C., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-117609 · Cited by 6
del Torto, A., Skattebo, Ø., Hallén, J., & Capelli, C. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4011-z · Cited by 6
Validation of a New Incremental Swim Test as a Tool for Maximum Oxygen Uptake Analysis in Lifeguards
Ruibal-Lista, B., Palacios-Aguilar, J., Saborit, J., López-García, S., Estrada, J. A. C., Santiago-Alonso, M., & Abelairas‐Gómez, C. (2019) · International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education · doi:10.25035/ijare.11.03.06 · Cited by 7
Wiehr, F., Vujic, M., Krüger, A., & Daiber, F. (2020) · Augmented Humans International Conference (AHs) · doi:10.1145/3384657.3384779 · Cited by 5
“erage maximum heart rate per participant, relative to the maximum heart rate, was computed for each participant using the Karvonen method [55] based on age, resting heart rate, and heart rate reserve: Mexerдame = 0.”
MethodEffects of a 75-km mountain ultra-marathon on heart rate variability in amateur runners
Calleja-Romero, A., López‐Laval, I., Sitko, S., Hernando, D., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Bailón, R., & Garatachea, N. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10860-0 · Cited by 6
Ducharme, J. B., Gibson, A. L., McKenna, Z. J., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04522-2 · Cited by 6
Maciejewska, K., Greń, A., & Wieczorek, A. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14618 · Cited by 5
Stress Reactivity in Humans and Animals: Two Meta-Analyses
Wipfli, B., & Ramirez, E. (2013) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/ocqt5458 · Cited by 6
Paediatric exercise testing in clinics and classrooms: A comparative review of different assessments
Bongers, B. C., van, B., Hulzebos, H., & Takken, T. (2013) · OA Epidemiology · doi:10.13172/2053-079x-1-2-832 · Cited by 6
Boer, P. (2016) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12345 · Cited by 6
Cardiorespiratory responses reach vigorous‐intensity levels during simulated gameplay of arena polo
Pritchard, A., Barthel, S. C., & Ferguson, D. P. (2019) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1002/tsm2.128 · Cited by 6
Hanscombe, K. B., Persyn, E., Traylor, M., Glanville, K. P., Hamer, M., Coleman, J. R. I., & Lewis, C. M. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.20243337 · Cited by 6
Shushan, T., Lovell, R. J., Buchheit, M., Scott, T. J., Norris, D., & McLaren, S. J. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/483hc · Cited by 6
Wolf, C., BLACKWELL, T. L., Johnson, E., Glynn, N. W., Nicklas, B. J., Kritchevsky, S. B., Carnero, E. Á., Cawthon, P. M., Cummings, S. R., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.23296120 · Cited by 6
Korelo, R. I. G., Pesaski, A., dos Santos, N. L., da Silva, N. P., dos Anjos, R. A. S., Vojciechowski, A. S., de Macedo, A. C. B., & Gallo, R. B. S. (2020) · Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2020.18.780 · Cited by 5
“The maximum HR calculation((30)) will be performed using the HRtheoretical maximum = 208 – 0.”
MethodAquatic Cognitive–Motor Exercise for Cognition, Balance, and Functional Mobility in Older Adults
Dunlap, E., Alhalimi, T., McLaurin, N., Foroughi, F., Hsiao, H., & Tanaka, H. (2024) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000257 · Cited by 5
Self-citationLeite, N., Tadiotto, M. C., de Moraes-Junior, F. B., de Menezes-Junior, F. J., Corazza, P. R. P., da Silva, L. R., Lopes, W. A., de Matos, O., Radominski, R. B., & Coelho-e-Silva, M. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61805-w · Cited by 9
“Test was considered maximum when two of the criteria were observed: (a) exhaustion or inability to maintain the required speed 37 ; (b) respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.0; (c) achieving the HR max predicted 38 .”
MethodInfluentialPorto, A. A., Gonzaga, L. A., Ribeiro, F. A. H., de Oliveira, C. M., Vanderlei, L. C. M., & Valenti, V. E. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234067 · Cited by 5
“This methodology, proposed by Goldberger et al. and utilised in several other studies, is effective in assessing the reactivation of parasympathetic tone following exercise [25].”
Ben-Ari, A., Silverman, Y., Obolski, U., & Halperin, I. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00803-8 · Cited by 5
“Nevertheless, recognizing its value, we calculated T > 85%HRmax using a predictive formula for maximal HR (208 − 0.7 × age) [35].”
InfluentialGronwald, T., Schaffarczyk, M., Fohrmann, D., Hoos, O., & Hollander, K. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70177 · Cited by 6
Twelve-week interval training alters cytokines, adipokines and bone markers in women with obesity
Osalou, M. A., ATAKAN, M. M., Güzel, Y., & Koşar, Ş. N. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-2502-9854 · Cited by 5
“…test was considered valid when at least two of the fol - lowing criteria were met: (a) possible effort of participants as judged by the attending cardiologist, (b) rating of perceived exertion ≥ 18 on the Borg scale of 6–20, (c) HR max > 90 % of age-predicted HR max (206 − [0.88 × age]) [26, 27].”
InfluentialPre‐Stress Exposure and Psychophysiological Responses During Cycling
Antonio, D. S., & Bigliassi, M. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70062 · Cited by 5
Feng, W., Yu, W.-L., Zhao, Z., Guo, Y.-D., Zhou, X.-J., Zhai, K.-Q., Liu, X., & Yan, Z.-W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-21045-y · Cited by 5
“An exercise test was considered maximal with the fulfillment of any two: voluntary exhaustion; a respiratory quotient greater than 1.1; an HR greater than 90% of the age-predicted maximum HR (208—0.7 × age) 32 ; a plateau in oxygen uptake; and a Borg scale score ≥ 17 33 .”
InfluentialMartin, J. R., Lindsey, B., Gerrity, C., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0335842 · Cited by 5
“Notable examples include the Tanaka equation (MHR = 208 − 0.7 × age) introduced by Tanaka et al. [1] based on a meta-analysis of 18,712 subjects, the Gellish equation (MHR = 207 − 0.7 × age) from a longitudinal fitness study in 2007 with participants ( n = 908) of a broad age and fitness spectrum…”
InfluentialMorais, J. E., Larrière, O., Bragada, J. A. A., Bartolomeu, R. F., Magalhães, P. M., Schnegg, A., Houndekon, M., Garnier, Y. M., & Mourot, L. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01359-0 · Cited by 6
“The HR max was estimated as: Where HR max is the maximal heart rate (in bpm) and age is the chronological age (in years) [21].”
Teteris, L. E., Saulīte, S., Līcis, R., et al. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13110400 · Cited by 5
“However, the inverted-U model has faced criticism, and newer studies highlight that the impact of training on cognitive performance is related to the task [35].”
Cognitive correlates of human endurance
Aslan, D. H., Fenton, L. E., Han, S., Lai, M. H. C., Luong, D. M., Markarian, T., Seshadri, A., Alexander, G. E., & Raichlen, D. A. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2512055122 · Cited by 5
Lee, D. Y., Lee, J.-B., Jung, I., Park, S. J., Yu, J. H., Seo, J. A., Lee, H.-J., & Kim, N. H. (2026) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156570 · Cited by 6
Investigating Cardiovascular Activation of Young Adults in Routine Driving
Hasan, M. T., Alghamdi, H., Taamneh, S., Manser, M. P., Wunderlich, R., Tsiamyrtzis, P., & Pavlidis, I. T. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2023.3291330 · Cited by 6
Kazemi, Z., Arjmand, N., Mazloumi, A., et al. (2023) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2023.2234678 · Cited by 5
“Heart rate was recorded by a wristwatch monitoring device (Beurer, PM 70) in order not to exceed the maximum subject-specific heart rate as suggested by Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001).”
MethodMartone, D., Vitucci, D., Mancini, A., Ermιdis, G., Panduro, J., Cosco, L. F., Randers, M. B., Larsen, M. N., Mohr, M., Buono, P., et al. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11100205 · Cited by 6
“HR was determined as the highest value reached for each subject during the addition, Tanaka et al. [33] equation (208 − 0.7 × age) was Total lean body mass (kg), total body fat mass (kg), total body fat percentage (%), leg lean mass (kg), android body fat (”
InfluentialBushman, B. A. (2023) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000905 · Cited by 6
Brains of endurance athletes differ in the association areas but not in the primary areas
Geisler, M., de la Cruz, F., Makris, N., Billah, T., Zhang, F., Yogesh Rathi, A., O’Donnell, L. J., Sylvain Bouix, A., Herbsleb, M., Bär, K., et al. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14483 · Cited by 5
Validity of submaximal aerobic capacity and strength tests in firefighters
Hart, W., Taylor, D., & Bishop, D. C. (2024) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqae004 · Cited by 5
“[32], this may require a critical evaluation of age-predicted HR max calculations used as part of the CST [33], given the inherent error of using generalized equations in populations differing from the original research context.”
MethodJost, J., Völker, K., Brandt, R., Stummer, W., Urbschat, S., Ketter, R., Wiewrodt, D., Wiewrodt, R. G., for the MMH Trial Investigators, Kloss, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-024-04629-y · Cited by 5
“The maximum predicted HR was calculated using the Tanaka’s Equation [21] (208—0.7 × age in years).”
MethodInfluentialYu, J., Zhou, Y., Yi, L., Zeng, R., Wan, Z., Li, D., Zhao, Q., & Liao, X. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15847 · Cited by 5
“:3) age, 38 using the coefficient beta and intercept.”
Prescription of Exercise Programs for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review
Ataíde, S. S., Ferreira, J. P., & Campos, M. J. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06566-1 · Cited by 6
“The prescription of exercise intensity should be based on direct measurements of HRM, if possible, since an equation may not predict the true HRM in some individuals, specific populations or types of exercise (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Hyperbaric effects on heart rate in professional SCUBA divers in thermal water
Fattorini, L., Rodio, A., Libero, T. D., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1429732 · Cited by 5
The performance of a machine learning model in predicting accelerometer-derived walking speed
Logacjov, A., Ludvigsen, T. P., Bach, K., Kongsvold, A., Flaaten, M., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Mork, P. J. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42185 · Cited by 7
Wang, Z., Ou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhou, Y. H., Zheng, X., Zhang, M., Li, S., Yang, S.-N., Juntti‐Berggren, L., Berggren, P., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031383 · Cited by 7
“An HRmax was estimated using the age-predicted equation of 220–age [52].”
Ranasinghe, T., Loske, D., & Grosse, E. H. (2025) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109560 · Cited by 5
Acute high-intensity exercise enhances T cell proliferation compared to moderate-intensity exercise
Siedlik, J. A., Deckert, J. A., Dunbar, A. J., Bhatta, A., Gigliotti, N. M., Chan, M. A., Benedict, S. H., Bubak, M. P., Vardiman, J. P., & Gallagher, P. M. (2025) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2024-0420 · Cited by 5
Cardiac responses to environmental heat exposure in young and older adults
Foster, J., McKenna, Z. J., Sarma, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2024 · Cited by 5
An easy-to-use technique to characterize cardiodynamics from first-return maps on ΔRR-intervals
Fresnel, E., Yacoub, E., Freitas, U., Kerfourn, A., Messager, V., Mallet, E., Muir, J., & Christophe Letellier, A. (2015) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.4928334 · Cited by 5
Gas Exchange Threshold in Male Speed–Power versus Endurance Athletes Ages 20–90 Years
Kusy, K., Król-Zielińska, M., Domaszewska, K., Kryściak, J., Podgórski, T., & Zieliński, J. (2012) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318267c36f · Cited by 5
“15, iii) HR within 5 beatsImin of the age-predicted maximal HR (36), and iv) blood lactate concentration after exercise greater than 7 mmolIL.”
BackgroundHeart Rate Response to Exercise
Thomas, G. S. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0022 · Cited by 5
Predictors of long-distance race performance in master runners
Lee, E. J., Snyder, E. M., & Lundstrom, C. J. (2019) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2020.152.10 · Cited by 5
“To calculate predicted MHR, the following equation was used: MHR = 208 − (0.7 ∗ age) (Tanaka,Monahan,&Seals,2001).”
MethodInfluentialPerween, S., Hussain, M. E., Hejazi, I. I., Siddiqui, M., Saif, A., & Parveen, A. (2020) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.3920/cep190078 · Cited by 6
Reproducibility of the 6-Min Step Test in Subjects With COPD
Munari, A. B., Silva, I. J. C. S., Gulart, A. A., et al. (2020) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.08096 · Cited by 5
“R ESPIRATORY C ARE (cid:1) F EBRUARY 2021 V OL 66 N O 2 rate, 21,22 and S pO 2 85%.”
Effects of Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Circuit Training in Obese and Overweight Individuals
Themistocleous, I.-C., Petros, A., & Stefanakis, M. (2021) · International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine · doi:10.23937/2469-5718/1510194 · Cited by 6
Efficacy of estimating VO2max with the Heart Rate Ratio Method in middle-aged and older adults
Ducharme, J. B., & Gibson, A. L. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04808-z · Cited by 6
Schmidt, K. G., Kildedal, R., Lerche, A. F., Vilhelmsen, M., Rasmussen, C. L., Mathiassen, S. E., Straker, L. M., & Holtermann, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312496 · Cited by 5
“Referring to guidelines from the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work [30], we consider the childcare workers’ composition of physical behaviors during working hours to be healthy.”
BackgroundInfluentialReference values for triceps surae tissue oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy
de Faria, V. C., de Oliveira, L. F. L., Ferreira, A. P., Cunha, T. E. D. O., Fernandes, J. S. A., Pussieldi, G. D. A., & Pereira, D. A. G. (2022) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ac9452 · Cited by 5
Galmes-Panades, A. M., Bennasar‐Veny, M., Oliver, P., García-Coll, N., Chaplin, A. M. L., Fresneda, S., Gallardo-Alfaro, L., García‐Ruano, C., Konieczna, J., Leiva, A., et al. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12121286 · Cited by 6
“Despite there being numerous formulas for estimating the maximum heart ratio (HRmax), studies based on meta-analysis reported that [HRmax = 208 − 0.7 × age] is a more reliable option to predict HRmax [48,49].”
BackgroundInfluentialSignificance of Heart Rate Profile during Treadmill Stress Test - A Critical Appraisal
Mittal, S. (2021) · Open Access Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.23880/oajc-16000155 · Cited by 5
Ahlgren, Å. R., Erlöv, T., & Cinthio, M. (2023) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15580 · Cited by 5
“The exercise stimulus, expressed as % agepredicted heart rate maximum (HR%), was calculated based on the agepredicted heart rate maximum (Tanaka et al., 2001) using”
MethodComparing the effects of retro and forward walking on serum adiponectin levels in obese young adults
Alkhathami, K. M., Soman, A., Chandy, S. T., Ramamoorthy, B., & Alqahtani, B. S. (2023) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.009 · Cited by 5
“7 age) was used to calculate the maximal heart rate.(34) Four minutes each of warm up and cool down exercises were given before and after the intervention for all participants.”
MethodVargas, A., Mosquera, J. C. G., & Arroyo, J. A. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092069 · Cited by 8
“[24]; exercise intensity was monitored with a Polar® heart rate monitor (Model FT7, Kempele, Finland) and perceived exertion reported using Borg’s 6–20 scale [25] every 15 min.”
MethodRíos, L., Sleeper, M. M., Danforth, M. D., Murphy, H. W., Kutinsky, I. B., Rosas, A., Bastir, M., Gómez-Cambronero, J., Sanjurjo, R., Campens, L., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33675-1 · Cited by 4
“…rate across the lifespan, it is predicted by age to a large extent, and its rate of decline is not associated with either sex or moderate levels of physical activity 30 , although under forty years of age it has been observed to be lower in athletes compared with age matched sedentary controls 31 .”
Ganesh, G. S., Khan, A. R., Das, S. P., Khan, A., Alqhtani, R. S., Alshahrani, A., Jarrar, M. A. M., & Ahmed, H. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07316-x · Cited by 6
Acute exercise as a modifier of neocortical plasticity and aperiodic activity in the visual cortex
Cadwallader, C. J., Steiniger, J., Cooper, P. S., Zhou, S.-H., Hendrikse, J. J., Sumner, R. L., Kirk, I. J., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Coxon, J. P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34749-w · Cited by 4
Brockway, K., Ayres, L., & Shoemaker, M. J. (2023) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/cpt.0000000000000224 · Cited by 5
Nicol, J. L., Cunningham, B. J., Woodrow, C., Adlard, K. N., Papinczak, Z. E., Spence, R. R., Boytar, A. N., Mollee, P. N., Weber, N., Nicol, A. J., et al. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003267 · Cited by 5
Gavilán‐Carrera, B., Ruiz-Cobo, A., Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., Soriano‐Maldonado, A., & Vargas‐Hitos, J. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15204424 · Cited by 6
“The maximum heart rate (HRmax) was estimated as 208 − (0.7 × age) [30].”
MethodInfluentialSantos, F., & Teixeira, D. (2023) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2023-0021 · Cited by 6
Rosario, M. A., Kern, K. L., Mumtaz, S., Storer, T. W., & Schön, K. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16200 · Cited by 5
“We terminated testing when the participant reached 85% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodDobrosielski, D. A., Kubitz, K. A., Walter, M. F., Park, H.-J., Papandreou, C., & Patil, S. P. (2023) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00505-w · Cited by 5
“Prior to each test, the equation of 208 – 0.7 (age) was used to estimate maximal heart rate [19].”
InfluentialA Self-Paced Walk Test for Individual Calibration of Heart Rate to Energy Expenditure
Westgate, K. L., Gonzales, T. I., Hollidge, S. E., Lindsay, T., Wareham, N. J., & Brage, S. (2024) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2023-0042 · Cited by 6
Röglin, L., Stoll, O., Ketelhut, S., Martin-Niedecken, A., & Ketelhut, K. (2024) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-024-00954-6 · Cited by 5
Wenzel, C., Liebig, T., Swoboda, A., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05543-x · Cited by 5
“…with 150 ml/min difference between the last two 30-s intervals or meet two of the following three criteria at the time of ̇ V O 2peak : (1) a RER ≥ 1.1, (2) a rating of perceived exertion > 17 on the 6–20 scale and (3) a HR max within 10 beats/min of the age-predicted HR max (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialKroesen, S. H., Snoek, J. A., van Kimmenade, R. R. J., Molinger, J., de Araújo, C. G. S., Hopman, M. T. E., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Bakker, E. A. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003528 · Cited by 5
Devasahayam, A. J., Tang, A., Taylor, D. M., Inness, E. L., Fleck, R., French, E., Jagroop, D., Danells, C. J., & Mansfield, A. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2426689 · Cited by 6
“…exercise test was used as the maximum heart rate. alternatively, the maximum heart rate was either the age-predicted maximum heart rate [40, 41] or the highest heart rate recorded by Fitbit, whichever was higher. heart-rate data were post-processed at the end of the study using raw…”
Rieder, R., Kristensen, C. H., & Pinho, M. S. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23765-2_45 · Cited by 5
“…were excluded from the dataset when their mean HR during the experiment was above to the maximum HR, which it was estimated from the Tanaka formula [27], presented by the Equation 1; − HR target: subjects were excluded from the dataset when their mean HR during the experiment was above to the…”
MethodMilano, G. E., & Leite, N. (2009) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922009000500003 · Cited by 5
“A variável FCmax depende da idade cronológica(14).”
Sato, A., & Rekimoto, J. (2015) · Augmented Human International Conference · doi:10.1145/2735711.2735798 · Cited by 5
An effort control system for training elite team-sport athletes
Vales‐Alonso, J., López-Matencio, P., Veiga-Gontan, J., et al. (2013) · Conference on Human System Interactions · doi:10.1109/hsi.2013.6577836 · Cited by 5
Buying into healthy blood vessels: exercise and aging
Joyner, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00474.2014 · Cited by 5
“For example, the age-related decline in peak heart rate is only minimally affected by lifelong training (12).”
BackgroundNikolaidis, P. Τ., & Papadopoulos, V. E. (2011) · Medicina Sportiva · doi:10.2478/v10036-011-0012-2 · Cited by 5
Langeskov‐Christensen, M., Kjølhede, T., Stenager, E., et al. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.002 · Cited by 5
Is Cardiopulmonary Fitness Level a Risk Factor in Young Saudi Females?
Asoom, L. I. A. (2015) · Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Medical Sciences · doi:10.4197/med.22-3.3 · Cited by 5
Alves, J. C. C., Peserico, C. S., Nogueira, G. Â., & Machado, F. A. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0075 · Cited by 5
A single session of exercise as a modulator of short-term learning in healthy individuals
Sage, M. D., Beyer, K. B., Laylor, M., et al. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.064 · Cited by 5
Bennett, H., Davison, K., Parfitt, G., & Eston, R. G. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3485-9 · Cited by 7
“Secondly, the HR and VO2 from each of the 4 PRET stages were extrapolated to the age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax), using the equation: HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSlivovskaja, I., Buzinskaitė, J., Ryliškytė, L., Balsytė, J., Navickas, R., Puronaitė, R., Jucevičienė, A., Juocevičius, A., & Laucevičius, A. (2017) · Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1515/semcard-2017-0003 · Cited by 5
“Heart rate reserve was used to calculate heart rate exercise zones by the Karvonen Formula [13,14].”
MethodHörnberg, K., Sundström, B., Innala, L., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190211 · Cited by 5
Giancotti, G. F., & Cortis, C. (2018) · Kinesiology · doi:10.26582/k.50.1.3 · Cited by 5
ECG-based biometric human identification based on backpropagation neural network
Lynn, H. M., Yeom, S., & Kim, P. (2018) · ACM Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems (RACS) · doi:10.1145/3264746.3264760 · Cited by 5
“, mean values of time domain interval and complex amplitudes can be calculated [4].”
BackgroundOksanen, P., Tulppo, M. P., AUVINEN, J. P., Niemelä, M., Jämsä, T. J., Puukka, K. S., Huikuri, H. V., Korpelainen, R., Venojärvi, M., & Kiviniemi, A. M. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13398 · Cited by 5
“MVPA, mean min/d 82 (40) 62 (30) ‡ Lifelong PA§”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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