The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
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Guidelines for exercise testing
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Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
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Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
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“Heart rate monitors will be used to tailor each person’s maximum intensity and measure exertion in each session [47].”
MethodSchöffl, I., Bliemsrieder, B., Küpper, T., et al. (2021) · Health Promotion & Physical Activity · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0015.3034 · Cited by 5
“7 x years of age [13]), Borg scale > 18, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > 1.”
BackgroundGibson, N. V., Drain, J. R., Larsen, P. S., Williams, S., Groeller, H., & Sampson, J. A. (2022) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usab551 · Cited by 6
Stella, A. B., & Morrison, S. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031601 · Cited by 5
Korshøj, M., Gupta, N., Mortensen, O. S., Jørgensen, M. B., & Holtermann, A. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04920-8 · Cited by 6
“The %HRR were defined as the difference between the estimated HRmax (Tanaka et al. 2001) and the sleeping HR (SHR), with SHR defined as the 10th lowest recorded HR value during 24 h (Brage et al.”
MethodInfluentialPhysiological Responses During Karate Kata in Practitioners and Athletes: A Scoping Review
Lassalvia, C., Júlio, U. F., & Franchini, É. (2022) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000706 · Cited by 6
“values in younger adults and underestimates the values in older adults (6,23).”
BackgroundSant’Anna, R. T., Roberts, S., Moore, L. J., Kraak, W. J., & Stokes, K. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221078280 · Cited by 5
Kinetics of ventilatory and mechanical parameters of novice male rowers on the rowing ergometer
Ojeda, Á. H., Guerra, M. R., Román, W. C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2022.2075670 · Cited by 5
“Then, 5 min of ballistic movements of the upper and lower extremities were included, and finally, the athletes rowed for 5 min between 60% and 70% of the theoretical maximum HR (Figure 1(b)) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDashti, N., Rezaeian, N., Karimi, M., & Kooroshfard, N. (2021) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology · doi:10.52547/joeppa.14.2.115 · Cited by 5
Evidence of ventilatory constraints during exercise in hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Hakimi, A., Bergoin, C., & Mucci, P. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05017-y · Cited by 6
“Predicted maximal HR (HR max, pred ) was estimated as follows: HR max, pred = (208-0.7) x age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialCarbonell-Hernández, L., Ballester-Ferrer, J. A., Maciá, E. S., Bonete-López, B., Roldán, A., Cervelló, E. M., & Pastor, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159748 · Cited by 5
“maximal heart rate (HRmax) was estimated with Tanaka’s formula [31] to control the percentage of HRmax (%HRmax).”
MethodAerobic Upper-Limb Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia: Does It Work?
Katz-Betzalel, N., Weissman‐Fogel, I., & Kodesh, E. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app122211391 · Cited by 5
“These differences challenge the determination of the target HR for aerobic exercise based on the maximal HR formulas of Tanaka [20] or the formula of 220-age [21].”
MethodAcute impact of aerobic exercise on local cutaneous thermal hyperaemia
Thomas, S. D., Carter, H. H., Jones, H., et al. (2022) · Microvascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104457 · Cited by 5
Benjamim, C. J. R., de Sousa, F. W., Porto, A. A., Andrade, C. V. G., de Figueiredo, M. Í. L. S., Benjamim, C. J. R., Rodrigues, G. D. S., Rocha, É. M. B., Cavalcante, T. C. F., Garner, D. M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054019 · Cited by 5
“7 × age) [26] for “warm-up”, then afterwards for 20 min with HR equivalent to 65% to 70% of the maximum HR estimated.”
MethodAkiyama, H., Watanabe, D., & Miyachi, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286936 · Cited by 8
“7 × age) [56]; the resting heart rate was constant (approximately 70 beats/min) [57].”
BackgroundValidity and Reliability of the Hawaii Anaerobic Run Test
Kimura, I. F., Stickley, C. D., Lentz, M. A., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000261 · Cited by 5
“The assessment of HR during maximal exercise testing mainly focuses on aerobic activities (13,15,18,21,42).”
BackgroundStathokostas, L., Kowalchuk, J. M., & Paterson, D. H. (2013) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0421 · Cited by 5
“…of the increase of O2 uptake (V̇O2) over the last 15-s period of the test corresponding to a rise in V̇O2 of <150mL·min−1, (iii) the respiratory exchange ratio was greater than 1.1, or (iv) HR waswithin 5 beats·min−1 of the age-specific predictedmaximal HR (208 – 0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialExercise Training for Individuals with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Storer, T. W. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391934-2.00045-x · Cited by 5
Aerobic Exercise During Encoding Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Memory
Soga, K., Kamijo, K., & Masaki, H. (2017) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2016-0254 · Cited by 5
da Silva, A. G., Albuquerque, M. R., Brito, C. J., Oliveira, S. A. F., Stroppa, G. M., Sillero‐Quintana, M., & Marins, J. C. B. (2017) · Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto · doi:10.5628/rpcd.17.s4a.125 · Cited by 5
Piatrikova, E., Sousa, A., Willsmer, N. J., Gonzalez, J. T., & Williams, S. (2019) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002884 · Cited by 7
Harmsen, W. J., Khajeh, L., Ribbers, G. M., Heijenbrok‐Kal, M. H., Sneekes, E. M., van Kooten, F., Neggers, S. J. C. M. M., & van den Berg-Emons, R. J. G. (2019) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz046 · Cited by 5
Colosio, A. L., Spigolon, G., Bacchi, E., Moghetti, P., & Pogliaghi, S. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01150-2 · Cited by 5
INFLUENCIA DE LAS PELOTAS DE BAJA PRESIÓN EN LA INICIACIÓN AL PÁDEL
Sánchez-Pay, A., García-Castejón, A., Courel‐Ibáñez, J., & Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J. (2020) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2020.79.003 · Cited by 5
Interdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life
Poeta, L. S., Duarte, M. D. F. D. S., Giuliano, I. D. C. B., et al. (2013) · Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) · doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.01.008 · Cited by 5
Clemente, F. M., Rocha, R. F., Martíns, F., & Mendes, R. (2014) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports2020051 · Cited by 6
“[17] formula, the maximal Heart Rate (HRmax) of each player was estimated.”
MethodPredição da frequência cardíaca basal de indivíduos com níveis de atividade física alto e baixo
Lauria, A. D. A., Santos, T. M., Amorim, P. R. D. S., Marques, F. A. D., & de Lima, J. R. P. (2013) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922013000100004 · Cited by 5
Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players
Burdukiewicz, A., Chmura, J., Pietraszewska, J., Andrzejewska, J., Stachoń, A. J., & Nosal, J. (2013) · Human Movement · doi:10.2478/humo-2013-0010 · Cited by 5
Cortés-Reyes, É., Raad, J. E., Mancera-Soto, É. M., et al. (2009) · Revista de Salud Pública · doi:10.1590/s0124-00642009000500015 · Cited by 5
Background and Intensity of the GALM Physical Activity Program
de Jong, J., Stevens, M. J., LEMMINK, K. A. P. M., Greef, M. H. G. D., Rispens, P., & Mulder, T. W. (2005) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2.1.51 · Cited by 5
“Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals 33 argue that this equation was never validated in studies that included sufficient numbers of older adults.”
ResultKnecht, S. K., Mays, W. A., Gerdes, Y. M., et al. (2007) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.19.3.344 · Cited by 5
“1, (b) maximal heart rate was greater than or equal to 85% of the age predicted maximal heart rate (6), or (c) maximal perceived exertion was greater than or equal to 18.”
BackgroundImpaired aerobic capacity/endurance
LaPier, T. K. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02948-3.00021-3 · Cited by 6
Wearables with Heart Rate Monitors and Dynamic Workout Plans
Ferreira, A. E. N., Coelho, J., & Nogueira, N. (2018) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450275 · Cited by 5
“The more common equation used to find the HRmax of an individual with age Indage is 220 - Indage but a deep study presented in [37] concluded that a more accurate formula is HRmax = 208−0.”
MethodSilva, P. R. S., Greve, J. M. D., Novillo, H. N. E., Haddad, S., dos Santos, C. R. P., Leme, R. B., Franco, R. R., Cominato, L., Araújo, A. T. M., Santos, F. M., et al. (2018) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-657420180003e003618 · Cited by 5
Muhammad, H. F. L., Safika, E. L., Wahyuni, F. C., Ermamilia, A., & Huriyati, E. (2019) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/tin.0000000000000189 · Cited by 6
Hendrikse, J. J., Thompson, S. C. H., Suo, C., Yücel, M., Rogasch, N. C., & Coxon, J. P. (2021) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100049 · Cited by 5
“…irrespective of increased workload, (2) maximal respiratory exchange ratio of ≥ 1.1, (3) a heart rate within 10 beats of age-predicted heart rate max (Tanaka et al., 2001), or (4) a self-reported rating of perceived exertion (BORG scale; Borg, 1982) rating of perceived exertion > 17 out of 20.”
InfluentialMaggioni, M. A., Cè, E., Giordano, G., Bertoli, S., Battezzati, A., Veicsteinas, A., & Merati, G. (2012) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03654840 · Cited by 6
Comparative study of equations of estimate of the maximum heart rate
Barbosa, F. P., Oliveira, H. B., Fernandes, P. R., & Filho, J. F. (2004) · Fitness & Performance Journal · doi:10.3900/fpj.3.2.108.p · Cited by 4
Kostrna, J., Oparina, E., Palacios, C., Rodriguez, A. J., Pei, J., Ajmal, A., & Ramella-Roman, J. C. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26102922 · Cited by 5
“Target intensity zones were defined as 64–76% and 77–95% of age-predicted maximal heart rate, respectively, using the Tanaka equation (208–0.7 × age) [38].”
InfluentialCundrič, L., Bosnić, Z., Kaminsky, L. A., Myers, J., Peterman, J. E., Markovic, V., Arena, R., & Popović, D. (2023) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000786 · Cited by 4
“1,5,7,26 Age has the strongest impact on HR, independent of sex and habitual physical activity status, 1 as confirmed by our data.”
BackgroundMachado, A. F., Zovico, P. V. C., Evangelista, A. L., Rica, R. L., Miranda, J. M. D. Q., Alberton, C. L., Bullo, V., Gobbo, S., Bergamin, M., Baker, J. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.912890 · Cited by 6
Wang, L., Huang, Z., Gao, L., et al. (2024) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-024-04307-x · Cited by 4
Gupta, N., Hallman, D., Korshøj, M., Rasmussen, C. L., & Holtermann, A. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70060 · Cited by 5
Brandt, J. D., Jakobsson, J., Hedlund, M., Sandström, T., & Nyberg, A. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092151 · Cited by 4
“Thepercentageofpredictedvalueswerecalculatedusingequations for ̇ V O 2 (Gläser et al., 2013), MAP (Brudin et al., 2014) and HR (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Lu, A. S., Parkar, B., Gupta, S., Hall, S., Pindus, D. M., & Kramer, A. F. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/73221 · Cited by 4
“A Polar HR monitor (Polar, Kempele, Finland) was used to continuously track PA intensity relative to each participant’s age-predicted maximum HR [66].”
Schaffarczyk, M., HIPP, T., Fuchs, K., Reichelt, L., Rückemann, L., & Gronwald, T. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003861 · Cited by 4
Intawachirarat, K., Mitranun, W., Permpoonputtana, K., Kaewkamnerdpongse, W., & Sriramatr, S. (2025) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2024-0730 · Cited by 5
The Challenge of Measuring Exercise: Advancing Metrological Barriers in Wearable Sensing
Corso, J. L., & Peikon, E. (2025) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/79347 · Cited by 5
“Because maximum HR is an estimate and linearly related to age, simple formulas may not account for the cardiorespiratory fitness of an individual [46,47].”
Radtke, T., Chávez, L., Duggan, L. B., et al. (2026) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02463-2025 · Cited by 5
Human heat tolerance limits under prolonged exposure to extreme heat
Wang, F., Xu, Y., Wang, H., Li, H., Shen, X., Zhai, Y., Zhang, X., Liang, Z., Hong, B., Ma, P., et al. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110272 · Cited by 4
Richards, L. G., Ifejika, N. L., Stein, J., Bahouth, M. N., Saylor, M. A., Barrett, A. M., Chen, P., Deutsch, A. F., Dusenbury, W., Ellis, C., et al. (2026) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000536 · Cited by 12
Home-based exergaming training effects for two individuals with spinal cord injury: A case report
Rosly, M. M., & Rosly, H. M. (2021) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2021.2001881 · Cited by 4
“…achieved when one of the following criteria was met: 1) respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.1; or 2) maximal HR ≥ 90% of the agepredicted maximal HR; or 3) reported rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of between 9–10 (Midgley, McNaughton, Polman, and Marchant, 2007; Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialHürlimann, A., Pastore‐Wapp, M., van Beek, J., Hirsch, M. A., van Wegen, E. E. H., & Vanbellingen, T. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2034078 · Cited by 4
“In addition, we showed for the first time, that age-predicted HRmax, calculated with equation 208-(0.7 × age) (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals, 2001) seems to be accurate also for PD patients with cognitive impairment.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHeming, M., Angerer, P., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Liszio, S., Nater, U. M., Skoluda, N., & Weber, J. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106986 · Cited by 4
“First, automatic artefact correction was performed using a plausibility control with HR max = 208 - (0.7 * participant ’ s age) and HR min = 45 following previous recommendations (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialMinhas, H., Morton, C., Shaw, M., et al. (2024) · Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science · doi:10.1007/s44254-023-00042-2 · Cited by 4
“During the first two minutes of exercise the volunteers were encouraged to exercise until they achieved a target HR of > 50% of their age predicted maximal HR (HR max ) calculated using the formula from Tanaka et al. [26].”
A Randomized Trial of Healthy Weight Gain in Athletic Individuals
Sanchez, A. D., Reynolds, J. C., Marinik, E. L., et al. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003427 · Cited by 4
Polechoński, J., Przepiórzyński, A., Polechoński, P., & Tomik, R. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/58411 · Cited by 4
“The HR max value was first estimated from the formula 208 – 0.7 × age (years) [19].”
MethodInfluentialAsadi, S., Tartibian, B., Moni, M. A., & Eslami, R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-71576-z · Cited by 4
Exercise-induced local sweating: Greater reduction in women than men with sunscreen use
Mosquera, J. C. G., & Vargas, A. (2024) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2024.2396198 · Cited by 4
“Maximum heart rate (MHR) was calculated using the formula of Tanaka et al. [26]: 208 - (0.7·age).”
InfluentialRobinson, J., & Razak, M. H. B. A. (2025) · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1186/s43161-025-00265-3 · Cited by 6
“The HRmax values were calculated using the Tanaka formula [18], and the HRR values were calculated using the Karvonen formula [19].”
Ghosal, R., Ghosh, S. K., Schrack, J. A., & Zipunnikov, V. M. (2025) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2025.2460232 · Cited by 13
“To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel finding that has not been previously reported in literature that typically assumes a relatively constant age-related rates of declines across main levels of HR reserve (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals 2001).”
Yi, W., Zong, H., Antwi‐Afari, M. F., & Chan, A. P. C. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112808 · Cited by 11
Bomma, M., Lott, D. J., Forbes, S. C., Shih, R. S., Coppola, J., Christle, J. W., Duong, T., Russo, J. F., Pant, A., Leon‐Astudillo, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases · doi:10.1177/22143602251319170 · Cited by 4
“27 Borg scale RPE was collected throughout exercise to re fl ect patient symptomatology for myalgia, muscle fatigability and dyspnea.”
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of the Chester Step Test 2 to Predict Aerobic Capacity
Burt, D., Forsyth, J. J., Jones, S., & Buckley, J. (2025) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2025.2481864 · Cited by 4
“Heart rate was recorded every min and RPE every 2 min until either 80% of age-predicted HRmax (under 40 y: 220 – age (Fox et al., 1971); over 40 y: 208–0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001)) or an RPE of 14 on the Borg (1998) scale was reached (Sykes, 2019).”
InfluentialOspina, M. C., Baumgartner, N. W., Nagy, C., Noh, K., Wang, C., & Kao, S. (2025) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112600 · Cited by 4
Jost, J., Ketter, R., Brandt, R., et al. (2025) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noaf176 · Cited by 4
“HRmax was calculated using the equation by Tanaka et al. 31 This standardized approach was chosen over individually measured HRmax values to minimize day-to-day variability and ensure a consistent training intensity across participants.”
Soto, D. A. S., Pérez, D. I. V., de Souza, M. R., Reis, M. D. P., Almeida, N. R., Miarka, B., Aedo–Muñoz, E., Oyarzo, A. I. A., Sillero‐Quintana, M., Queiroz, A. C. C., et al. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15080517 · Cited by 4
“HRmax was calculated using the equation proposed by Tanaka et al. [30]: *HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age)*.”
InfluentialWahlström, V., Abtahi, F., Forsman, M., Yang, L., Öhrner, P., Tornevi, A., Stjernbrandt, A., Lewis, C., & Järvholm, L. S. (2025) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-025-02161-8 · Cited by 4
“Maximum HR (HR max ) was given by the widely used equation 208 − 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al. 2001; Dias et al. 2023).”
InfluentialXu, L., Wang, S., Maimaitiyiming, M., Yang, W., Sakakibara, S., Qi, X., Wang, Y., & Dove, A. E. (2025) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102198 · Cited by 4
Kamath, S. S., Khan, O., Choudhary, A., Meyerhoff, J. H. E., Choi, S., & Seo, J. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746365 · Cited by 4
“Physical movement data was captured using an externally mounted mobile device positioned at a fixed angle.”
InfluentialA heterogeneous-structure facial mask for thermal and humidity regulation in cold environments
Wu, J., Zhou, N., Zhang, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66489-y · Cited by 4
Barlow, M., Gresty, K. A., Findlay, M., et al. (2015) · Human Movement · doi:10.1515/humo-2015-0023 · Cited by 4
Morton, A. R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-032304048-8.50012-8 · Cited by 4
LeMond, G., & Hom, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801023-5.00010-7 · Cited by 4
Silva, E. K. P., Ramos, I. A., Brandão, P. S., Pereira, R. M. D. S., Brito, S. V., de Moraes, J. F. V. N., Arsa, G., Atlas, S., Rasul, A., Castro, H. D. O., et al. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-8692202026062019_0006 · Cited by 4
Glittre activities of daily living test is reliable and valid in hemodialysis patients
da Silva, K. B., Leal, D. V., da Rocha, J. L., Ballico, A. L., Haupenthal, A., Viana, J. L., & Bündchen, D. C. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2029961 · Cited by 4
Mahmod, S. R., Narayanan, L. T., Hasan, R. A., & Supriyanto, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.832647 · Cited by 4
“7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001), while the targeted heart rates during the exercise stages at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 85% HRR were calculated using the following equation: [HRR (beats min−1) = exercise stages (%) × (HRmax – HRrest) + HRrest] (Cunha et al.”
MethodResultKesting, S., Weeber, P., Schönfelder, M., Pfluger, A., Wackerhage, H., & von Luettichau, I. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14061468 · Cited by 4
“7 × age), in children and adolescents [29,41].”
BackgroundMethodLaki, Á., Ihász, F., & Szabó, A. (2022) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125221091686 · Cited by 6
“The calculation of the age-predicted maximal heart rate (MHR) was based on the formula (208 – (0.7 x age)) modified from the Karvonen formula by Tanaka et al. (2001), which was recommended for adolescents in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (Cicone et al., 2019).”
MethodInfluentialKhorshid, H., Adelhady, Y., ElGarhy, N., & Mahmoud, H. (2020) · Minia Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.21608/mjmr.2022.219938 · Cited by 3
Vilarinho, R., Faria, S. M., Monteiro, P. R. R., de Melo, C. A., Santos, R. S., & Noites, A. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050917 · Cited by 4
“Healthcare 2022, 10, 917 4 of 14 Afterwards, a calculation of the theoretical maximum HR (HRmax) using the equation developed by Tanaka et al. (2001) [24] was conducted: HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age), (1) Through this calculation, and knowing the resting HR, the next step was to calculate the target HR…”
MethodInfluentialErvil, R., & Fadli, A. (2022) · Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknologi Industri · doi:10.36275/stsp.v22i1.485 · Cited by 4
Barak, S., Silberg, T., Gerner, M., Eisenstein, E., Bardach, C. A., Yissar, T., & Landa, J. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.3233/prm-210107 · Cited by 4
“…predicted maximal HR was calculated using Tanaka’s maximal HR equation (208 – 0.7 × age) [39] and was converted to percentage of maximal HR. Exercising at 50% to 70% of the maximum HR is considered moderate exercise intensity, and exercising at > 70% is considered vigorous exercise intensity [40].”
InfluentialEwah, P. A., & Oyeyemi, A. Y. (2022) · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1186/s43161-022-00094-8 · Cited by 4
“Abbreviations HRmax: Maximum heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Vs: Versus; PP: Pulse pressure; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; RPP: Rate pressure product; HRrest: Resting heart rate; CI: Cardiac index; PA: Physical activity; HR: Heart rate; IPAQ: International physical activity questionnaire; DBP: Diastolic blood…”
MethodInfluentialNonsa-ard, R., Aneknan, P., Tong-un, T., Honsawek, S., Leelayuwat, C., & Leelayuwat, N. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113336 · Cited by 4
“This test was performed on a cycle ergometer until the HR reached 85% of the maximum HR [34].”
MethodCayot, T. E., Herbert, B., & Klika, R. J. (2022) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12796 · Cited by 4
“Note: Estimated max heart rate = 208 – (Age x 0.7), (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialVelázquez‐Díaz, D., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Molina-Guzmán, F. A., Sáenz-Carrasco, J. A., González-Rosa, J. J., Erickson, K. I., Carbonell‐Baeza, A., & Jiménez‐Pavón, D. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00718-w · Cited by 4
Petrizzo, I., Chelli, E., Bartolini, T., Arrighi, R., & Anobile, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146675 · Cited by 4
Complexity and pitfalls in maximal exercise testing for persons with multiple sclerosis
Schlagheck, M. L., Bansi, J., Wenzel, C., Kuzdas‐Sallaberger, M., Kiesl, D., Gonzenbach, R. R., & Zimmer, P. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15875 · Cited by 7
Miller, D. J., Roach, G. D., Lastella, M., Capodilupo, E. R., & Sargent, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1231835 · Cited by 4
“For each day, the data were filtered for days that individuals 1) performed exercise after 19: 00 h; 2) exercise duration was more than 30 min; and 3) had an average heart rate higher than 50% of maximum heart rate during exercise (HR) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
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