The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Work strain and thermophysiological responses in Norwegian fish farming — a field study
Sandsund, M., Wiggen, Ø. N., Holmen, I. M., & Thorvaldsen, T. (2021) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2020-0259 · Cited by 7
Physiological Responses to Arm and Leg Exercise in Women Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Javierre, C. F., Alegre, J., Ventura, J. L., et al. (2007) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v14n01_05 · Cited by 7
Teixeira, A. M., Martins, R. A., Martins, M., & Cunha, M. D. R. (2008) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 7
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MAXIMAL FAT OXIDATION DURING AEROBIC EXERCISE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES
de Jesus, Í. C., Mascarenhas, L. P. G., de Lima, V. A., Decimo, J. P., Nesi-França, S., & Leite, N. (2019) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220192504189259 · Cited by 7
Melo, B. P., Guariglia, D. A., Pedro, R. E., Bertolini, D. A., Ramos, S. D. P., Peres, S. B., & de Moraes, S. M. F. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0134 · Cited by 7
Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys?
Miladi, A., Fraj, S. B., Latiri, I., & Saad, H. B. (2020) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988320917587 · Cited by 7
“Collected data 6MWD (m) HR (%predicted maximal HR; Tanaka et al., 2001): rest, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th min Oxy-sat (%): rest, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th min 6MWD × 6th min Oxy-sat (m) Impact of RO on 6MWD Significant experimental condition effect 6MWD (m) was lower during R2 (635 ± 105a) and R4 (601 ± 1…”
MethodInfluentialO’Driscoll, R., Turicchi, J., Duarte, C., Michałowska, J., Larsen, S. C., Palmeira, A. L., Heitmann, B. L., Horgan, G. W., & Stubbs, R. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235144 · Cited by 9
Heart rate and work pulses of two age groups associated with working in the cold at +3°C and −24°C
Penzkofer, M., Kluth, K., & Strasser, H. (2009) · Occupational Ergonomics · doi:10.3233/oer-2009-0165 · Cited by 7
“[22,24]).”
Dimkpa, U., & Ugwu, A. C. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1081-y · Cited by 5
“The age-predicted maximum HR (HRmax) was determined as [HRmax = 208 i (0.7 £ age)] ( Tanaka et al. 2001 ).”
MethodInfluentialDescriptive Epidemiology of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in UK Adults: The Fenland Study
GONZALES, T. I., WESTGATE, K., HOLLIDGE, S., LINDSAY, T., WIJNDAELE, K., FOROUHI, N. G., GRIFFIN, S., WAREHAM, N., & BRAGE, S. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003068 · Cited by 6
“To estimate V̇O2max per kg total-body mass (V̇O2maxtbm) from exercise test performance, we extrapolated the linear relationship between heart rate and work rate (17) to age-predicted maximal heart rate (16), whichwas reduced by 7 bpm in smokers (18,19), added an estimate of resting energy expenditure (20), and then co…”
BackgroundMethodAcute effects of real and imagined endurance exercise on sustained attention performance
Wieland, B., Fleddermann, M., & Zentgraf, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905772 · Cited by 6
Kósa, L., Körmendi, J., Ihász, F., & Köteles, F. G. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541231156082 · Cited by 6
“The V˙O2max value was accepted if at least 3 criteria were met: (1) HR in the last minute exceeds 95% of the subject’s age-predicted HRmax, which has been previously calculated according to Tanaka et al.39; (2) V˙O2max is plateaued despite increasing treadmill speed, V˙O2 < 150 mL O2 40; (3) the V˙CO2/V˙O2 ratio reach…”
MethodInfluentialKaddoussi, R., Rejeb, H., Kalai, A., Zaara, E., Rouetbi, N., Frih, Z. B. S., Żmijewski, P., & Saad, H. B. (2024) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2024.139072 · Cited by 9
Dunleavy, C., Elsworthy, R. J., Wood, S. J., Allott, K., Spencer, F. S. E., Upthegrove, R., & Aldred, S. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.017 · Cited by 11
“Evidence from the physical activity and exercise literature suggests that an exercise intensity of 55 – 65 % of an individuals heart rate maximum (HRMax, defined as 220 – (0.6*age) is required to have a favourable biological effect on health (Tanaka et al., 2001; Karvonen and Vuorimaa, 1988).”
BackgroundInfluentialMalagodi, B. M., Greguol, M., Tavares, V. D. D. O., Carraro, A., & Serassuelo, H. (2024) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100634 · Cited by 10
Liu, C., Huang, S.-H., Wang, W., Chen, C., Su, K.-H., & Wu, C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2024.3482328 · Cited by 9
“The target heart rate during the aerobic period was established between 40 to 70% of maximal heart rate, calculated using the formula: 208 − 0.7 × age [19].”
MethodInfluentialAcute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Risky Decision Making and Reward Processing in Young Adults
Ludyga, S., Schwarz, A., Leuenberger, R., Colombo, S., Kummer, R., & Gerber, M. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70029 · Cited by 6
“The latter was derived by subtracting the product of 0.7 and age in years from 208 (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialFuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R. A., Maureira-Sánchez, J., Alarcón-Rivera, M., Garrido-Osorio, V., López-Soto, O. P., Aristizábal-Hoyos, J. A., Angarita, L., Rojas-Gómez, D. M., Bermúdez, V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10020195 · Cited by 8
Media, A. S., Juhl‐Olsen, P., Christensen, T. D., Katballe, N., Vad, H., Petersen, R. H., Wiggers, H., Hansen, S. N., Farup, J., Overgaard, K., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08038-7 · Cited by 7
Definition of Athletes and Classification of Sports
la Garza, M. S., & Adami, P. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35374-2_1 · Cited by 7
Meixner, F., & Herbert, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.680149 · Cited by 11
Kiiza, P., Mullin, S. I., Teo, K., Goodman, L. S., Pérez, A., Pinto, R. L., Thompson, K., Piquette, D., Hall, T. N. T., Bah, E. I., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13112205 · Cited by 6
“Abnormal vital signs were defined as HR exceeding the participant’s age-predicted maximum HR [22], HR < 40 beats/min, and SBP > 180 mmHg or <90 mmHg or a decrease >40 mmHg below baseline.”
BackgroundKramer, M., Sparks, M., & Coetzee, B. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0483 · Cited by 6
Outdoor walking better? environmental elements of cardiorespiratory fitness training trails
Li, C. L., Lee, C.-W., & Tsang, K. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.1036777 · Cited by 6
Gao, Y., Yue, L., Miao, Z., et al. (2023) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s398732 · Cited by 6
“At the same time, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy, the target heart rate did not exceed 60% to 80% of the maximal heart rate after exercise and returned to the preexercise level after 5 minutes.(12,19,20) According to the patients’ degree of tolerance, the exercise intensity was adjusted monthly for the nex…”
BackgroundAre age-predicted equations valid in predicting maximum heart rate in individuals after stroke?
dos Reis, M. T. F., Aguiar, L. T., Peniche, P. D. C., & Faria, C. D. C. D. M. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2247981 · Cited by 6
“…it was observationally derived from reviewed research from a group of non-disabled individuals and not from original data using regression modeling [26]. it has been reported that this equation significantly overestimates the hR max in young adults and underestimates it in older adults [22,23].”
InfluentialEffects of physical activity breaks on cognitive function in undergraduate students: a pilot study
Pastor-Vicedo, J. C., León, M. P., González-Fernández, F. T., & Prieto-Ayuso, A. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2326692 · Cited by 11
“…simultaneously recorded by the classroom teacher using an ipad™ at the time of the intervention. heart rate data was immediately measured after the active break session. the formula (208 − [0.7 × age]) proposed by tanaka et al. (2001) was used to obtain the estimated threshold of the participants.”
InfluentialStrakeljahn, F., Lincoln, T. M., Krkovic, K., & Schlier, B. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.049 · Cited by 6
“Heart rate intervals were labeled as missing if they exceeded the maximal age-predicted heart rate for the respective participant according to the formula 208 – 0.7*age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialSooryajith, K. V., Kumar, S., & K, J. D. T. (2024) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.55860/pd1fbx66 · Cited by 6
“This assessment quantifies the degree of physical exertion between the time it takes to reach maximum exercise intensity (TTP) and the maximum heart rate (HRmax) which is calculated using the formula 211 - 0.8 x age (Tanaka, Monahan, & Seals, 2001).”
MethodInfluentialKistner, T. M., Tavormina, A., & Lieberman, D. E. (2024) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.24131 · Cited by 6
“(Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Boulay, P., Ghachem, A., Poirier, P., et al. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003540 · Cited by 6
“Others have proposed regression equations which they claim are more accurate (10 – 15).”
InfluentialBenefits of a light- intensity bout of exercise on attentional networks functioning
Sanchis-Navarro, E., Luna, F. G., Lupiáñez, J., & Huertas, F. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77175-2 · Cited by 7
“According to ACSM 26 , the exercise intensity used in this study is considered light-intensity since the average HR is 60% of HR max , based on the formula of Tanaka et al. 58 .”
MethodChanges in peak oxygen consumption in Fabry disease and associations with cardiomyopathy severity
Roy, A., Thompson, S., Hodson, J. A., et al. (2024) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324553 · Cited by 6
Bianco, A., Russo, F., Prospero, L., Riezzo, G., Franco, I., D’Attoma, B., Ignazzi, A., Verrelli, N., Bagnato, C. B., Goscilo, F., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234181 · Cited by 7
Salter, D., Yalamanchi, H., Yalamanchi, A., & Yalamanchi, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1488821 · Cited by 6
Wu, H., Jiao, Y., Jiang, C., et al. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3533487 · Cited by 6
The relationship between 10meter walk test and 6minute walk test in subacute stroke patients
Kim, E.-J., Yang, S. P., Lee, J. M., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.26862/jkpts.2025.03.32.1.28 · Cited by 6
Patel, H., Le, K. D. R., Wang, A. J., & Tay, S. B. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1481233 · Cited by 9
“These parameters are a rough guide, with more accurate measures of maximum heart rate being reported including the Tanaka equation [208 – 0.7×age (in years)] and the Gelish equation [207 − 0.7 × age (in years)] (29, 30).”
InfluentialSex differences in heart rate responses to sub-maximal exercise in young adults
Dimkpa, U., Ezeike, C. C., Maduka, S., Ukoha, U., Anikeh, L., Uchefuna, R. C., Obaji, N., Ilo, C. I., & Agbapuonwu, N. E. (2015) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.3920/cep150001 · Cited by 6
Comparison of the Metabolic Costs of Gardening and Common Physical Activities in Children
Sin-Ae, P., A-Young, L., Kwan-Suk, L., & Ki-Cheol, S. (2014) · Horticultural Science and Technology · doi:10.7235/hort.2014.13122 · Cited by 6
de Araújo, C. G. S., & Duarte, C. V. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.043 · Cited by 6
Real Time Wireless Health Monitoring System
Khaliq, A., Awan, M. A., UmairSaleh, M., et al. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering · doi:10.9790/1676-09363138 · Cited by 6
Degache, F., Bonjour, A., Michaud, D., Mondada, L., & Newman, C. J. (2018) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2018.1462268 · Cited by 6
Practical usefulness of heart rate monitoring in physical exercise
Povea, C., & Cabrera, A. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.rccar.2018.05.004 · Cited by 6
Burdon, C. A., Carstairs, G. L., Linnane, D. M., & Middleton, K. J. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001663 · Cited by 6
Agarwal, M., Rahul, Verma, N., Vishwakarma, P., Kanchan, A., & Kumar, P. (2020) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_132_20 · Cited by 5
Akazawa, N., Tanahashi, K., Kosaki, K., Kumagai, H., Oikawa, S., Hamasaki, A., & Maeda, S. (2020) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0211 · Cited by 5
Estimation of the second ventilatory threshold through ventricular repolarization profile analysis
Milagro, J., Hernández‐Vicente, A., Hernando, D., Casajús, J. A., Garatachea, N., Bailón, R., & Pueyo, E. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13849 · Cited by 7
Tadiotto, M. C., Duncan, M. J., Mota, J. A. P. S., de Moraes-Junior, F. B., Corazza, P. R. P., Czoczuk, M., de Menezes-Junior, F. J., Tozo, T. A. A., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Rodacki, A. L. F., et al. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.01.007 · Cited by 6
Wessinger, C. M., Inman, C. L., Weinstock, J., & Weiss, E. P. (2021) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/gqbm6956 · Cited by 6
Möller, F. N., Hoffmann, U., Vogt, T., & Steinberg, F. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208211032868 · Cited by 9
“Individual maximum HR (HR ) was calculated using the formula 220 - (.7 x age; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodEffect of Exercise Training on 1,25(OH) 2 D Levels: The FIT-AGEING Randomized Controlled Trial
De‐la‐O, A., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Castillo, M. J., Gutiérrez, Á., & Amaro‐Gahete, F. J. (2021) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381211050033 · Cited by 6
“73 × age) ± 10 beats/ min.(36) Peak oxygen consumption value was considered when these criteria were not met.”
MethodEffects of Exercise Training on Fat Oxidation in Untrained Overweight and Obese Females
Manning, K. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2102854 · Cited by 6
Bishnoi, A., Chaparro, G. N., & Hernandez, M. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010047 · Cited by 6
“7 × age) [38], and resting heart rate [39].”
BackgroundPortillo, J., Bravo‐Sànchez, A., Abián, P., Dorado-Suárez, A., & Abián‐Vicén, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073997 · Cited by 13
“[26] and was used to establish the intensity zones: Zone 1 (<60% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)), Zone 2 (60–70% HRmax), Zone 3 (70–80% HRmax), Zone 4 (80–90% HRmax), Zone 5 (90–95% HRmax), Zone 6 (95–100% HRmax).”
MethodWallmann-Sperlich, B., Düking, P., Müller, M., Froböse, I., & Sperlich, B. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12999-z · Cited by 6
“The traditional age equation formula (220-age) allows us to sufficiently approximate the HRmax in this rather young sample [29].”
BackgroundMethodFerreira, J. A., Passos, G. S., Youngstedt, S. D., de Lima, B. E., Vieira, L. B., Martins, M. M., de Assis, B. P., & Santana, M. G. (2022) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.008 · Cited by 10
Pimenta, T., & Rocha, A. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.repce.2021.11.013 · Cited by 6
Functional Capacity in Patients Who Recovered from Mild COVID-19 with Exertional Dyspnea
Dotan, Y., Weiner, E., Zucker‐Toledano, M., Solomonov, A., Fuchs, E., Dawood, H., Mor, E., Hanna, M., Naser-Aldeen, R., Bentur, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12060874 · Cited by 6
Limmeroth, J., Schücker, L., & Hagemann, N. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2127511 · Cited by 7
Nonsa-ard, R., Aneknan, P., Tong-un, T., Honsawek, S., & Leelayuwat, N. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214646 · Cited by 6
Niu, X., Chi, P., Song, J., Pang, Y., Wu, Q., Liu, Y., & Chi, A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142316175 · Cited by 6
Cid, F. M., Ferro, E. F., Briceño, M. H., Araya, D. P., & Lillo, M. M. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v47.96926 · Cited by 7
Somani, Y. B., Uthman, L., Aengevaeren, V. L., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00033.2023 · Cited by 6
Aerobic and Postural Strength Exercise Benefits in People with Schizophrenia
Szortyka, M. F., Cristiano, V. B., & Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043421 · Cited by 6
“Measurements ranged from 70% to 80% of maximum heart rates calculated by the Karvonen formula [26].”
MethodPîrșcoveanu, C.-I., & Oliveira, A. S. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23062928 · Cited by 6
Donate, F. I., Sánchez-Oliver, A. J., Benito, P. J., Elvar, J. R. H., Carmona, W. S., & Butragueño, J. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v50.99282 · Cited by 6
Udompongpaiboon, P., Reangvilaikul, T., & Vattanavanit, V. (2023) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-023-02643-w · Cited by 6
“The maximum HR was defined as 220 minus the patient age, and this formula could be underestimated, especially in older adults [28].”
BackgroundStavrou, V. T., Karetsi, E., & Gourgoulianis, K. I. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10101608 · Cited by 6
“The maximum heart rate was calculated according to the Tanaka [20] equation: HR max = 207 − 0.7 × age (years).”
MethodInfluentialIntegral scales in assessing the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality
Bagateliya, Z. А., Греков, Д. Н., Komarovа, A. G., et al. (2023) · Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.17116/hirurgia202311125 · Cited by 6
Honchar, O., Ащеулова, Т. В., Chumachenko, T., Chumachenko, D., Bobeiko, A., Blazhko, V., Khodosh, E. M., Matiash, N., Амбросова, Т. М., Herasymchuk, N. M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1276211 · Cited by 6
Exploring the role of sex in the association of late chronotype on cardiorespiratory fitness
Thomas, J. M., Kern, P. A., Bush, H., Robbins, S. J. K., Black, W. S., Pendergast, J. S., & Clasey, J. L. (2024) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15924 · Cited by 6
“All participants achieved volitional fatigue and met at least one of the following criteria: respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.1 (determined by 1-min averaging) and/ or ≥ 85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarpio‐Rivera, E., Chacón-Araya, Y., & Moncada‐Jiménez, J. (2024) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2327191 · Cited by 6
“(Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Charlton, P. H., Prada, E. J. A., Mant, J., & Kyriacou, P. A. (2025) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/adb89e · Cited by 8
Comparação da frequência cardíaca máxima obtida por diferentes métodos.
Caputo, E. L., da Silva, M. C., & Rombaldi, A. J. (2012) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/reveducfis.v23i2.12311 · Cited by 6
Reliability and Validity of an Incremental Cadence Cycle O2max Testing Protocol for Trained Cyclists
Deakin, G. B., Davie, A. J., & Zhou, S. (2011) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/s1728-869x(11)60004-x · Cited by 6
Peeri, M., Kohanpour, M.-A., Sanavi, S., et al. (2011) · Diálisis y Trasplante · doi:10.1016/j.dialis.2011.10.001 · Cited by 6
Sarsan, A., Alkan, H., Başer, S., et al. (2013) · Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi · doi:10.4274/tftr.26986 · Cited by 6
FATIGUE-RELATED ASYMMETRY AND INSTABILITY DURING A 3200-M TIME-TRIAL PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY RUNNERS
Schütte, K., Seerden, S. F. L., Venter, R. E., et al. (2016) · ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive · Cited by 6
Iterson, E. H. V., Wheatley, C. M., Baker, S. E., Olson, T. P., Morgan, W. J., & Snyder, E. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168490 · Cited by 6
Asoom, L. I. A., & Al-Hariri, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.05.004 · Cited by 7
Goreham, J. A., Kimmerly, D. S., & Ladouceur, M. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13369 · Cited by 6
“Following the completion of the slow orthostatic trial, participants immediately completed 10 min of cycling exercise at a cadence of 50 revolutions per minute and a mechanical power output that elicited 60% of their agepredicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodRamos, R. D. A., Guimarães, F. S., Dionyssiotis, Y., Tsekoura, D., Papathanasiou, J. V., & Ferreira, A. D. S. (2018) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.01.010 · Cited by 8
Vahdat, H., Mombini, H., Farsani, M. E., Abzadeh, S. A., & Barzegar, H. (2018) · Qom Univ Med Sci J · doi:10.29252/qums.12.2.35 · Cited by 6
Heart rate and thermal responses to power yoga
Schubert, M. M., Clark, A. S., Rosa, A. B. D. L., & Newcomer, S. C. (2018) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.07.003 · Cited by 8
Jeong, H., & Ohno, Y. (2018) · Smart Health · doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2018.07.025 · Cited by 6
Nordic walking versus natural walking: an easy approach to comparing metabolic demands
Padulo, J., Iuliano, E., Iacono, A. D., Milić, M., Rizzi, M., & Ardigò, L. P. (2018) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2018.1514565 · Cited by 6
Hartmann, B., Klußmann, A., & Serafin, P. (2018) · Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie · doi:10.1007/s40664-018-0288-3 · Cited by 6
Regulation of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure During Exercise in Humans
Fisher, J. P., & Secher, N. H. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00024-4 · Cited by 6
Exercise Prescription Using the Six-Minute Walk Test in Individuals Awaiting Lung Transplantation
Caramete, A., Longmuir, C., McQuade, K. H., Shaver, L., Wickerson, L. M., Helm, D., & Mathur, S. (2014) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/01823246-201412000-00004 · Cited by 6
Heydenreich, J., Schütz, Y., Melzer, K., & Kayser, B. (2019) · Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) · doi:10.15203/ciss_2019.003 · Cited by 6
Nakagata, T., Murade, S., Katamoto, S., & Naıto, H. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7050109 · Cited by 8
“Previous studies reported that the rate of decline in HRmax was not associated with either sex or physical activity status [21,22], however, a recent study reported that the HR in both sexes is controlled differently, in addition to having different variability using meta-analysis [23].”
Resultde Souza, L. V., Meneck, F. D., Fernandes, T., et al. (2019) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.011 · Cited by 6
Bijl, R. C., Cornette, J. M. J., van den Bosch, A. E., Duvekot, J. J., Molinger, J., Willemsen, S. P., Koning, A. H. J., Roos‐Hesselink, J. W., Franx, A., Steegers‐Theunissen, R. P. M., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033083 · Cited by 6
Iterson, E. H. V., Laffin, L. J., Mayuga, K. A., Hutt, E., Ahmed, T., Cho, L., & Ahmed, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000485 · Cited by 6
Pühringer, M., Ring‐Dimitriou, S., STÖGGL, T. L., et al. (2020) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103516 · Cited by 6
“…plateau in VO2 (changes of less than 2 ml ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1 following an increase in workload); (2) EQO2 > 30; (3) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > 1.1; (4) achieving 90% of age predicted maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001); (5) pedalling rate < 50 rpm due to leg fatigue or shortness of breath.”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentifying Opioid Withdrawal Using Wearable Biosensors
Kulman, E., Venkatasubramanian, K., Chapman, B. P., & Carreiro, S. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.435 · Cited by 7
“This heart rate range accounts for both the upper and low extremes of heart rates that could occur for an individual [16].”
BackgroundVentilatory response to exercise is preserved in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Han, T., Zhang, L., Yu, C. Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8766 · Cited by 6
Energy expenditure and intensity of HIIT bodywork® session
Machado, A. F., Reis, V. M., Rica, R. L., Baker, J. S., Júnior, A. J. F., & Bocalini, D. S. (2020) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-6574202000040083 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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