The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,701–1,800 of 3,736
Low-Power Wearable System for Real-Time Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Surrel, G., Rincón, F. J., Murali, S., et al. (2016) · IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI · doi:10.1109/isvlsi.2016.51 · Cited by 8
“4 shows that small values give the best results.”
Backgroundda Cruz, C. J. G., Molina, G. E., Porto, L. G. G., & Junqueira, L. F. (2017) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1318202 · Cited by 8
Yeh, T., Chang, K., Wu, C., Lee, Y., Chen, P., & Hung, J.-W. (2018) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2018.02.003 · Cited by 8
Höchsmann, C., Rossmeissl, A., Baumann, S., Infanger, D., & Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1449894 · Cited by 9
Exploring the Usage of Time-of-Flight Cameras for Contact and Remote Photoplethysmography
Nahler, C., Feldhofer, B., Rüther, M., Holweg, G., & Druml, N. (2018) · Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD) · doi:10.1109/dsd.2018.00079 · Cited by 8
“In young adults heart rates up to 220 beats/min were measured [17].”
MethodClayton, B. C., Tinius, R. A., Winchester, L. J., Menke, B. R., Reece, M. C., & Maples, J. M. (2019) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/rvha5015 · Cited by 10
“HRmax was estimated by the formula “220-age” and the validity of this measure has been previously questioned (22).”
MethodExercise and cardiovascular load in workers with high occupational physical activity
Lee, S., Moon, M.-K., Choi, W.-J., & Jang, T. W. (2019) · Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health · doi:10.1080/19338244.2019.1657059 · Cited by 8
Himmelmeier, R. M., Nouchi, R., Saito, T. I., Burin, D., Wiltfang, J., & Kawashima, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00260 · Cited by 8
Korshøj, M., Clays, E., Krause, N., Gupta, N., Jørgensen, M. B., & Holtermann, A. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029713 · Cited by 8
“Resting HR increases with age, while maximum HR and aerobic capacity decrease with age.7 8 Therefore, identical physical work task demands strain older workers to a higher degree than younger workers.9 The intensity of OPA can be assessed by the relative aerobic workload (RAW), estimated as percent heart rate reserve…”
MethodInfluentialAcute responses to 4 vs. 4 small-sided games in football players
Bujalance-Moreno, P., Román, P. Á. L., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., et al. (2020) · Kinesiology · doi:10.26582/k.52.1.7 · Cited by 8
“The percentage of time spent within each intensity zone during the SSG was quantifi ed, as well as the percentages of HRpeak (%HRpeak), and average HR (HRaverage) with respect to the calculated one through the generalized equation proposed by Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodQuinn, K., Cox, A. J., Roberts, L. A., Briskey, D. R., & MINAHAN, C. L. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1840755 · Cited by 8
“While this method of estimating maximum HR has its limitations (Tanaka et al., 2001), in the context of the present study this method was sufficient to guide the prescription of exercise at a relative intensity (i.”
MethodRunning Demands and Heart Rate Response in Rugby Sevens Referees
Suarez-Arrones, L. J., Calvo-Lluch, Á., Portillo, J., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182712755 · Cited by 8
Using Target Heart-Rate Zones in Your Class
Gilbert, J. A. (2005) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2005.10608219 · Cited by 8
Adults with initial metabolic syndrome have altered muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise
Machado, A. C., Barbosa, T. C., Sales, A. R. K., et al. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21744 · Cited by 8
“7 3 age) (22); and (3) score 10 of perceived effort on Borg’s 0 to 10 scale.”
Background‘No Touch’ Vitals: A Pilot Study of Non-contact Vital Signs Acquisition in Exercising Volunteers
Capraro, G. A., Kobayashi, L., Etebari, C., Luchette, K. R., Mercurio, L. Y., Merck, D. L., Kirenko, I. O., van Zon, K., Bartula, M., & Rocque, M. (2018) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2018.8584713 · Cited by 9
“2) Exercise period VS measurements: After baseline measurements, participants followed an exercise protocol to attain HR targets of 50%, 60%, and 70% of their individual age-based maximum predicted heart rates as calculated with the Tanaka formula [10].”
MethodExploratory Research of CO2, Noise and Metabolic Energy Expenditure in Lisbon Commuting
Soares, A. R., Catita, C., & Silva, C. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13040861 · Cited by 8
“and obtained the HRmax according to the following relation [31]:”
BackgroundMind over body: interfering with the inner voice is detrimental to endurance performance
Nedergaard, J. S. K., Christensen, M. S., & Wallentin, M. (2023) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102472 · Cited by 7
Ojeda, Á. H., Barahona-Fuentes, G., Galdames Maliqueo, S., Guzmán Solis, M., Cabrera, M. M. Y., & Jorquera-Aguilera, C. (2023) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.2020183 · Cited by 7
Estimating maximal oxygen consumption from heart rate response to submaximal ramped treadmill test
Gonzales, T. I., Westgate, K., Hollidge, S., Lindsay, T., Jeon, J., & Brage, S. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.20024489 · Cited by 7
Influence of graded hypercapnia on endurance exercise performance in healthy humans
Ryan, B. J., Seeley, A. D., Pitsas, D. M., Mayer, T. A., Caldwell, A. R., CEASER, T. G., Luippold, A. J., Charkoudian, N., & Salgado, R. M. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00132.2022 · Cited by 7
Bianco, A., Franco, I., Curci, R., Bonfiglio, C., Campanella, A., Mirizzi, A., Fucilli, F., Giovanni, G. D., Giampaolo, N., Pesole, P. L., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102252 · Cited by 8
“We used Tanaka’s formula [26] to determine the intensity of the aerobic work and to calculate the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for muscle work.”
MethodSnyder, B. J., Maung-Maung, C., & Whitacre, C. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12010009 · Cited by 7
Braunsmann, L., Beermann, F., Strüder, H. K., & Abeln, V. (2024) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-024-10084-2 · Cited by 8
Ferreira, M. L. V., Castro, A., Nunes, S. G. D. O., dos Santos, M. V. M. A., Cavaglieri, C. R., Tanaka, H., & Chacon‐Mikahil, M. P. T. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01721-8 · Cited by 12
“…(a) maximum voluntary exhaustion de fi ned by attaining a 17 on the Borg ’ s scale, (b) 90% of the predicted HR max (HR max = 208 − 0.7 × age) [28], (c) presence of an oxygen consumption ( _ V O 2 ) plateau ( Δ _ V O 2 between two consecutive work rates of <2.1 mL ∙ kg − 1 ∙ min − 1 ), and/or…”
InfluentialSelf-citationParent-Roberge, H., Fontvieille, A., Poirier, L., Tai, L., Pavic, M., Fülöp, T., & Riesco, É. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100825 · Cited by 8
de Borba, E. F., da Silva, E. S., Alves, L. D. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.2024-0092 · Cited by 7
That's the way I (dis-)like it! - Effect of Gamer Types and Competitiveness in VR Exergaming
Lange-Nawka, D. C., Wuensche, B. C., & Thompson, S. E. R. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3677105 · Cited by 7
High‐Intensity Gait Training for Patients After Stroke: A Feasibility Study
Brunner, I. C., & Hansen, G. M. (2025) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.70059 · Cited by 8
Gait variability and fatigability during a simulated 10-km running race in trained runners
Padulo, J., Borrelli, M., Antiglio, A., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05780-8 · Cited by 7
“Heart rate (HR, b·min −1 ) was continuously recorded during the trial (Polar H-10, Kempele, Finland), and it was normalized as a percentage of the maximal heart rate (208–0.7 × age), %HR max (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialKowalski, T., Kasiak, P. S., Chomiuk, T., Mamcarz, A., & Śliż, D. (2025) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1155/tsm2/5904935 · Cited by 8
“Monitoring HRmax provides insights into a person’s exercise capacity, heart function, and overall ftness [48].”
InfluentialTang, D., Zhang, X., Ho, W.-K., Choi, S. M., Ye, Z., Campbell, M. J., & Sum, R. K. W. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00970-2 · Cited by 9
“We employed the age-predicted equation (HR max = 208 − 0.7*age) for HR max prediction, which, although not without error, showed superior stability and predictive accuracy across our study’s age distribution [83, 84].”
InfluentialPractical guidelines for exercise prescription in different clinical populations
Komici, K., Bianco, A., Cuomo, A., Bianco, R., Illario, M., Guerra, G., Paoli, A., Schena, F., & Iaccarino, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1649549 · Cited by 12
“In healthy subjects, exercise intensity is defined as the percentage of maximum heart rate using the formula 220-age, or in subjects over 50–60 years of age, the Tanaka formula (208 – 0 : 7 � age) (48).”
Pryce, R., & Kriellaars, D. J. (2018) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.011 · Cited by 7
“Physiological effort was estimated from continuously sampled heart rate (HR) (RS-800x, Polar Electro USA), and calculated as a percent of age-adjusted maximum (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodAmbiguity in Communicating Intensity of Physical Activity: Survey Study
Kim, H., Kim, J., & Taira, R. K. (2020) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/16303 · Cited by 7
“In addition, these measures are not free from limitations, and numerous studies suggested revisiting the reliability and validity of these measures [14-16].”
BackgroundEffects of Individualized Low-Intensity Exercise and Its Duration on Recovery Ability in Adults
Lee, D., Son, J.-Y., Ju, H.-M., Won, J.-H., Park, S.-B., & Yang, W. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9030249 · Cited by 8
“Percentages of estimated maximal heart rate were calculated [40] (Table 2).”
MethodDownhill running exercise increases circulating level of myokine meteorin-like hormone in humans
ALIZADEH, A., & ALIZADEH, H. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12246-7 · Cited by 8
O’Neill, C. D., Vidal‐Almela, S., Terada, T., Way, K. L., Kamiya, K., Sperlich, B., Düking, P., Chaput, J.-P., Prince, S. A., Pipe, A., et al. (2021) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2021.08.010 · Cited by 6
“(220 e age) Men, age < 65 years Men only Easy to use Overestimates heart rate peak among older adults age 40 years 96,97 Tanaka et al.(96) (208 0.”
Cvetko, E. D., Nešić, N., Matić, A., Ahić, J. M., & Drenjančević, I. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04900-y · Cited by 9
Morais, J. E., & Bragada, J. A. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315780 · Cited by 7
“7 × age [24], where HRmax (beats/min) is the maximal heart rate and age is the participant’s chronological age (years); and (ii) all players scored a 99% fatigue in the last stage of the protocol based on the Micklewright et al.”
MethodDunsky, A., Unger, L., Carasso, R., & Fox, O. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13063598 · Cited by 9
Tjøsvoll, S. O., Fimland, M. S., Gonzalez-Sanchez, V. E., et al. (2023) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxad022 · Cited by 7
“HRmax was determined using the following formula (Tanaka et al., 2001):”
MethodShiozawa, K., Saito, M., Lee, J. B., Kashima, H., Endo, M. Y., Ishida, K., Millar, P. J., & Katayama, K. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2023 · Cited by 7
Exploring Real-Time Collaborative Heart Rate Displays for Cycling Partners
Agharazidermani, M., Lu, L., & Boyer, K. E. (2023) · International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI) · doi:10.1145/3565066.3608692 · Cited by 7
Khatri, R. A., Baumgartner, N. W., Noh, K., Ullrich-French, S. C., Schmitt, S. A., Wang, C., & Kao, S. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14558 · Cited by 7
“The HIIT intervention conditions employed a 30-min treadmill-based protocol that started with a 4-min warm-up (1-min walk and 3-min jog at 65–76% HR max [208– 0.7*age]), 33 then a 24-min main exercise, and finally a 2-min cool-down.”
MethodInfluentialBehrendt, T., Quisilima, J. I., Bielitzki, R., Behrens, M., Glazachev, O. S., Brigadski, T., Leßmann, V., & Schega, L. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2304650 · Cited by 8
“By retrospectively calculating the percentage of the estimated heart rate (208 − 0.7 · age [88]), patients from the iG and cG achieved an average of 51 ± 8% and 49 ± 6% of their estimated maximum heart rate at the end of each aerobic cycling session, respectively.”
MethodInfluentialWorkloads of Emergency Call Types in Active-Duty Firefighters
Marciniak, R. A., Cornell, D. J., Meyer, B. B., Azen, R., Laiosa, M. D., & Ebersole, K. T. (2024) · Merits · doi:10.3390/merits4010001 · Cited by 7
“The HR data for the entire file were converted from bpm into a percentage of maximal heart rate (HR MAX ), which was quantified as HR MAX = 208 − (0.7 × Age) [30].”
MethodInfluentialMoraca, G. A. G., Orcioli‐Silva, D., Legutke, B. R., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300243 · Cited by 7
“HRmax of each participant will be estimated using Eq 1, which has been previously validated [47].”
MethodJochum, E., Egholm, D., Oliveira, A. S., & Jacobsen, S. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1434661 · Cited by 12
“This can be attributed to the general challenge of recruitment associated with at-risk youths (42, 52), but also due to factors that are perhaps not as well understood (body image, general discomfort, stigma, privacy concerns, etc.).”
BackgroundMethodSokratous, D., Charalambous, C. C., Zamba‐Papanicolaou, E., Michailidou, K., & Konstantinou, N. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299611 · Cited by 7
“…no frequent moves; thus it may not have an impact on the study‘s outcome measures. a Heart Rate maximum was calculated from the equation 220-age [106]. b Upper limbs length were measured in an anatomical position from C7 spinous process to the ulnar head [107].…”
Tsao, J.-P., Wu, P., Kuo, H.-T., Hong, W., Chen, C.-C., Wang, M.-Y., Korivi, M., & Cheng, I.-S. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01221-3 · Cited by 7
“…was considered valid if 2 of the following 3 conditions were met: (1) the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was greater than 1.10, (2) the change in relative VO 2 max was 2 ml/ kg/min and reached a steady state, and (3) the heart rate (HR) reached the predicted maximum (208 − 0.7 × age) [33, 34].”
InfluentialAge Affects Exercise-Induced Improvements in Heart Rate Response to Exercise
Ciolac, E. G., Roberts, C. K., da Silva, J. R., & Guimarães, G. V. (2013) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351332 · Cited by 7
Physiological alterations after a marathon in the first 90-year-old male finisher: case study
Mueller, S. M., Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., & Toigo, M. (2014) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-608 · Cited by 7
“First, maximal heart rate is reduced irrespective of activity level (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
Stang, J. S., Wiig, H., Hermansen, M., & Hansen, E. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00036 · Cited by 7
“7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001), average relative heart rates amounted to 68% of maximum, or less.”
BackgroundInfluentialGrade and speed have greater influence on HR and RPE than ability, sex, and age in alpine skiing
Seifert, J. G., STÖGGL, T. L., Scheiber, P., et al. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1167935 · Cited by 7
“Maximal heart rate was calculated according to Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001).”
MethodFenneni, M. A., Latiri, I., Aloui, A., Rouatbi, S., Chamari, K., & Saad, H. B. (2017) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2016-078 · Cited by 7
Más, J. R. L., Luján, J. F. G., & Gallego, R. M. (2018) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v0i33.55079 · Cited by 7
The influence of Aqua Power aerobics on body mass reduction in middle-aged, overweight women
Bielec, G. (2017) · Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.5606/tftrd.2017.853 · Cited by 7
A comparison of two Tai Chi interventions tailored for different health outcomes
Wu, Y., Senk, C., Coll, P. P., Glenney, S. S., Zaborowski, K., Fortinsky, R. H., Taylor, B. A., Park, C. L., Benson, K., McGowan, M., et al. (2021) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102731 · Cited by 8
Schmitz, G. H., Meis, J. M., Hafferkamp, M., & Schmitz, S. (2019) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12668 · Cited by 9
Askari, J., Kakhki, A. S., Taheri, H., Yassini, S. M., & Hassanbeigi, A. (2019) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-019-00601-w · Cited by 7
Martín‐Conty, J. L., López, B. P., Maestre-Miquel, C., Mohedano‐Moriano, A., Durantez‐Fernández, C., Mordillo‐Mateos, L., Palomo, J. J., Viñuela, A., Bernal-Jiménez, J. J., & Rodríguez, F. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165835 · Cited by 7
“Pearson′s χ2 test was used to analyze the appearance of fatigue in those participants who exceeded the theoretical anaerobic threshold (TAT) according to the Tanaka formula [20] and lactic acid levels in blood above 4 mmol/L.”
MethodHigh-Intensity Interval Training for Adults With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Bosch, P. R., Holzapfel, S. D., Nordin, K., Ojameruaye, O., Zubriski, M., & Angadi, S. S. (2020) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/cpt.0000000000000152 · Cited by 7
Effect of Age and Acute Exercise on Circulating Angioregulatory Factors
Luttrell, M. J., Mardis, B. R., Bock, J. M., Iwamoto, E., Hanada, S., Ueda, K., Feider, A. J., Temperly, K., & Casey, D. P. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0024 · Cited by 8
Effort-Based Decision-Making for Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease
Colón-Semenza, C., Fulford, D., & Ellis, T. D. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202353 · Cited by 9
“Individuals were instructed to cycle on a stationary bicycle for a duration of 5 min each at low effort ( 50% of APMHR and less than 12 on the RPE), medium effort (50–60% of APMHR and/or 12-13 on the RPE scale), and high effort (65–75% of APMHR and/or between 14-15 on the RPE scale).”
Chistyakova, Y. V., Мишина, И. Е., Dovgalyuk, Y. V., et al. (2021) · Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-3-104-112 · Cited by 7
Nicol, J. L., Woodrow, C., Cunningham, B. J., Mollee, P. N., Weber, N., Smith, M. D., Nicol, A. J., Gordon, L. G., Hill, M. M. C., & Skinner, T. L. (2022) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol29020077 · Cited by 7
“, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) or an invalid test, HRpeak will be determined using the equation [41]:”
Methodda Silva, A. G., Albuquerque, M. R., Brito, C. J., Stroppa, G. M., Oliveira, S. A. F., Sillero‐Quintana, M., & Marins, J. C. B. (2022) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1964696 · Cited by 8
Heart Rate Recovery as an Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adults
Thomas, J. M., Black, W. S., Kern, P. A., Pendergast, J. S., & Clasey, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-11.2.44 · Cited by 10
Lee, G., Lee, S., & Brogmus, G. E. (2022) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1029-6_23 · Cited by 8
Predicting Perceived Exhaustion in Rehabilitation Exercises Using Facial Action Units
Kreis, C., Aguirre, A., Cifuentes, C. A., Múnera, M., Jiménez, M. F., & Schneider, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22176524 · Cited by 7
“In this equation, the MHR is calculated according to the subject’s age [31].”
MethodJanssen, R. J. F., Vegter, R. J. K., Houdijk, H., van der Woude, L. H. V., & de Groot, S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274255 · Cited by 7
“There is variability in the HRpeak of individuals, and RPE remains a subjective measure that requires practice [41, 42].”
BackgroundHochwald, O., Bentur, L., Haddad, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12101547 · Cited by 7
“7]) [29], respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > 1.”
StepTest4all: Improving the Prediction of Cardiovascular Capacity Assessment in Young Adults
Sampaio, T., Morais, J. E., & Bragada, J. A. A. (2024) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk9010030 · Cited by 8
“HR was continuously collected during the recovery period HR max and VO 2max were estimated as follows: HR max was estimated using the formula: HR max = 208 − 0.7 ∙ age [33].”
MethodInfluentialExercise-induced cardiac troponin release in athletes with versus without coronary atherosclerosis
Janssen, S. L. J. E., de Vries, F., Mingels, A. M. A., Kleinnibbelink, G., Hopman, M. T. E., Mosterd, A., Velthuis, B. K., Aengevaeren, V. L., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00021.2024 · Cited by 8
Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Test in the Adult Population – 2024
de Carvalho, T., de Freitas, O. G. A., Chalela, W. A., Hossri, C. A. C., Milani, M., Buglia, S., Précoma, D. B., Falcão, A. M. G. M., Mastrocola, L. E., Castro, I., et al. (2024) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20240110 · Cited by 30
Foulkes, S., Haykowsky, M. J., Kistler, P. M., McConell, G. K., Trappe, S. W., Hargreaves, M., COSTILL, D. L., & Gerche, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00070.2024 · Cited by 7
Kluth, K., Baldus, S., & Strasser, H. (2012) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-2012-0556-3002 · Cited by 7
“[24,27]).”
Andersen, L. N., Juul‐Kristensen, B., Roessler, K. K., Herborg, L. G., Sørensen, T. L., & Søgaard, K. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-917 · Cited by 7
Máxima velocidade aeróbia calculada pelo custo da frequência cardíaca: relação com a performance
da Silva, D. F., Sotero, R. C., Simões, H. G., & Machado, F. A. (2015) · Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte · doi:10.1016/j.ramd.2014.06.001 · Cited by 7
Effect of 3-Month Water-Exercise Program on Body Composition in Elderly Women
Martínez, P. Y. O., López, J. A. H., Meza, E. I. A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Morphology · doi:10.4067/s0717-95022014000400020 · Cited by 7
“7x age (Tanaka et al., 2001), exercising through alternating movements between arms and legs, monitored using a heart rate monitor Polar FT7® (Finland) followed by 10 minutes of relaxation.”
MethodRectal Temperature Correction Overestimates the Frequency of Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia
SHIPP, N. J., SCROOP, G. C., JACKSON, S. C., et al. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000131956.45051.97 · Cited by 7
Hattiwale, H. M., Hattiwale, S. H., Dhundasi, S. A., & Das, K. K. (2012) · Basic Sciences of Medicine · Cited by 7
Autonomic correlates of Yo-Yo performance in soccer referees
Boullosa, D. A., Nakamura, F. Y., Perandini, L. A., et al. (2012) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-65742012000200009 · Cited by 7
“After 10 min of a running warm-up on a soccer field of natural grass at an intensity of 60% of the maximum estimated HR (TANAKA et al., 2001), participants performed the Yo-Yo IR1 (KRUSTRUP et al., 2003) with concurrent recording of R-R intervals (RS800, Polar Electro OY, Kempele, Finland) until…”
MethodMetabolic effects of a caffeinated sports drink consumed during a soccer match
Guttierres, A. P. M., Alfenas, R. D. C. G., Gatti, K., de Lima, J. R. P., Silva, Â. A., Natali, A. J., & Marins, J. C. B. (2013) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-65742013000400004 · Cited by 7
Not so fast: intrinsic heart rate vs. β-adrenergic responsiveness in the aging human heart
Joyner, M. J. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90645.2008 · Cited by 7
“This decline in maximum heart rate with aging has a number of important consequences, including its major contribution to the decline in maximal oxygen uptake and maximum exercise capacity seen with advancing age (5, 10).”
BackgroundAnálise da ativação muscular durante a pedalada até a exaustão utilizando bandas de frequência
Diefenthaeler, F., Bini, R. R., & Vaz, M. A. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n3p243 · Cited by 7
SenseMyHeart: A cloud service and API for wearable heart monitors
Silva, P. M. P., & Cunha, J. P. S. (2015) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319511 · Cited by 6
Low-cost mobile personal clouds
Radenkovic, M., & San, H. H. V. (2016) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577166 · Cited by 7
“As it would be unsafe to empirically measure, we have developed algorithm for formulas proposed in [27,28] to estimate MHR based on age and weight which are easy for users to set up .”
MethodRannou, F., Scotet, V., Marcorelles, P., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187266 · Cited by 7
Joint trajectory generator for powered orthosis based on gait modelling using PCA and FFT
Melo, N. B., Dórea, C. E. T., Alsina, P. J., & de Araújo, M. V. (2017) · Robotica · doi:10.1017/s0263574717000467 · Cited by 7
McAuliffe, L., Parfitt, G., Eston, R. G., Gray, C., Keage, H. A. D., & Smith, A. E. (2018) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-018-0091-7 · Cited by 8
“Abbreviations %HRmax: Percent heart rate maximum; ACE-III: Addenbrooke Cognitive Exam (Version 3); ANOVA: Analysis of variance; CO2: Carbon dioxide; HR: Heart rate; MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; PA: Physical activity; RPE: Rating of perceived exertion; SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences; VE: Ventilatory e…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSerafin, P., Hartmann, B., & Klußmann, A. (2018) · Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie · doi:10.1007/s40664-018-0289-2 · Cited by 7
ST/HR variables in firefighter exercise ECG - relation to ischemic heart disease
Carlén, A., Nylander, E., Aneq, M. Å., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13968 · Cited by 7
“Final workload (Pmax) was 279 39 W and HRpeak was 172 12 beats/min, corresponding to 97% of age-predicted maximal HR.”
BackgroundHeart rate cost of running in track estimates velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake
Olher, R. R., Sales, M. M., Sousa, C. V., Sotero, R. C., Madrid, B., da Cunha, R. R., Moraes, M. R., & Simões, H. G. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.029 · Cited by 7
Rodrigues, C. D. Á., Leites, G. T., & Meyer, F. (2019) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.12.011 · Cited by 9
Exercise-induced ST depression in an asymptomatic population without coronary artery disease
Carlén, A., Gustafsson, M., Aneq, M. Å., & Nylander, E. (2019) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.1080/14017431.2019.1626021 · Cited by 7
“We analyzed target HR achievement as percentage of age-predicted maximum HR according to the Tanaka formula [9].”
MethodPrey availability and accessibility drive hunter movement
Wszola, L. S., Stuber, E. F., Chizinski, C. J., Lusk, J. J., & Fontaine, J. J. (2019) · Wildlife Biology · doi:10.2981/wlb.00526 · Cited by 7
Romero-Caballero, A., & Vázquez, M. Á. C. (2020) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v37i37.71130 · Cited by 7
ten Haaf, D. S. M., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Hulshof, H. G., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061806 · Cited by 9
Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women
Passos, M. E. P., Borges, L., dos Santos-Oliveira, L. C., Alecrim, A. L., Lobato, T. B., de Oliveira, H. H., Momesso, C. M., Diniz, V. L. S., Iser‐Bem, P. N., Manoel, R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1309-2037 · Cited by 7
“Am J Geriatr Cardiol 1998; 7: 45–46 [27] Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited.”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
