The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
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Guidelines for exercise testing
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Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
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Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
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“This method takes into account the HR at rest, which had already been measured in the laboratory, and the HR max, which was calculated based on the Tanaka et al. 39 formula (HR max = 208.75–0.73 · age).”
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“In addition, HR max was predicted using Fox HR max (‘220 − age’) [4] and Tanaka age-based equations (‘208 − 0.7 × age’) [5].”
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Timmerman, K. L., Ballard, K. D., Deal, M. A., Tagariello, L. C., Karrow, J. M., Volk, G. A., Meisler, A. J., Connors, I. D., & Mott, R. E. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0082 · Cited by 10
Albergoni, A., Hettinga, F. J., Stut, W. J. J., & Sartor, F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176142 · Cited by 12
Ojeda, Á. H., Barahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., Maliqueo, S. A. G., Serrano, P. C., & Marholz, P. F. O. (2020) · Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte · doi:10.6018/cpd.412371 · Cited by 13
Spijkerman, R., Hesselink, L., Bertinetto, C. G., et al. (2021) · Cytometry Part B Clinical Cytometry · doi:10.1002/cyto.b.21996 · Cited by 10
“Heart rate (HR) was used to estimate exercise intensity as a percentage of the maximum HR (exercise intensity = measured HR / expected maximal HR x 100%), where expected max HR = 208 –132 (0.7 x age))(26).”
MethodInfluentialMcNarry, M. A., Lester, L., Ellins, E. A., Halcox, J., Davies, G. A., Winn, C. O. N., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04590-4 · Cited by 10
Manoel, F. D. A., Peserico, C. S., & Machado, F. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260338 · Cited by 12
“[22], it is important to use the same test design for comparison and validation of a given variable, such as Vpeak, which is directly influenced by the protocol design [8, 9, 21].”
MethodFonte, G., Schreiber, C., Areno, G., Masson, X., Chantraine, F., Schütz, G., & Dierick, F. (2022) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106397 · Cited by 11
Tran, D., Kamaladasa, Y., Muñoz, P. A., Kotchetkova, I., D'Souza, M. I., Celermajer, D. S., Maiorana, A., & Cordina, R. (2022) · International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1016/j.ijcchd.2022.100362 · Cited by 10
“More recently, there has been a shift towards using the Takana equation, which may have a lower standard error of estimate [41,42].”
Robergs, R. A., Opeyemi, O., & Torrens, S. (2022) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.04.001 · Cited by 10
Fujie, S. J., Sanada, K., Hamaoka, T., & Iemitsu, M. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111888 · Cited by 10
Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Padulo, J., Chtourou, H., Torres‐Luque, G., Afonso, J. R., & Heller, J. (2015) · Human Movement · doi:10.1515/humo-2015-0007 · Cited by 10
“healthy [4, 11], sedentary [6, 10], overweight [8], athletic [12] and individuals with intellectual disabilities [7].”
BackgroundResultDonath, L., Puta, C., Boettger, S., Mueller, H. J., Faude, O., Meyer, T., Bär, K., & Gabriel, H. H. W. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.007 · Cited by 10
“7*age) (Tanaka et al., 2001), by the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of carbon dioxide output and oxygen-uptake (N1.”
BackgroundDias, M. R., Junior, R. F. S., Machado, G. H. R., Furtado, H. L., Sousa, N., Fernandes, H. M., & Saavedra, F. J. F. (2014) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0100 · Cited by 12
“In the first session, for familiarization procedures and to the RPE scales, all subjects exercised for 10 min with individual speed preference; every minute the participants were presented the RPE scales (OMNI or Borg) alternately.”
InfluentialCasey, A., Boyd, C. J., MacKenzie, S., & RASMUSSEN, R. L. (2012) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/v10078-012-0038-0 · Cited by 10
Respostas da freqüência cardíaca de pico em testes máximos de campo e laboratório
dos Santos, A. L., da Silva, S. C., Farinatti, P., & Monteiro, W. (2005) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922005000300005 · Cited by 10
“Among them, the maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), the metabolic equivalent, the exertion subjective perception, the ventilatory and lactate threshold and the heart rate (HR)(1-6) may be mentioned.”
BackgroundLakhdar, N., Saad, H. B., Denguezli, M., Zaouali, M., Zbidi, A., Tabka, Z., & Bouassida, A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 10
An Interactive Learning and Adaptation Framework for Adaptive Robot Assisted Therapy
Tsiakas, K., Papakostas, M., Chebaa, B. R., Ebert, D., Karkaletsis, V., & Makedon, F. S. (2016) · International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA) · doi:10.1145/2910674.2935857 · Cited by 10
“As a true measurement in living persons, HR can effectively determine physical training work-loads through the recording of resting HR and an individual ' s max HR [19].”
Backgroundda Cruz, C. J. G., UNIEURO, B., Rolim, P. D. S., Pires, D. D. S., Mendes, C. M. O., de Paula, G. M., Porto, L. G. G., Garcia, G. L., & Molina, G. E. (2017) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201700010010 · Cited by 10
Sweat iron concentration during 4-week exercise training
Saran, T., Zawadka, M., Chmiel, S., & Mazur, A. (2017) · Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.26444/aaem/78787 · Cited by 10
Comparing Real-Time Self-Tracking and Device-Recorded Exercise Data in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes
Groat, D., Kwon, H.-R., Grando, M., Cook, C., & Thompson, B. M. (2018) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1676458 · Cited by 10
“26,29 The intensity was categorized as vigorous exercise for values between 0.7 and 0.85, moderate from 0.5 to 0.7, and light from 0.3 to 0.5.”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, C., Ryuh, Y., Hardwick, H., Shirley, R., Brinkley, B., Lim, S., Lee, Y., & Kim, M.-L. (2019) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-019-09677-1 · Cited by 12
Mulholland, A. M., MacDonald, H. V., Aguiar, E. J., & Wingo, J. E. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05977-x · Cited by 10
“The four stages were completed at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of age-predicted maximal HR (HR max ) (Tanaka et al. 2001); these stages corresponded to very light (< 57% HR max ), light (57%–63% HR max ), moderate (64%–76% HR max ), and vigorous (> 76% HR max ) intensity exercise, respectively (American…”
Rubio‐Morales, A., García, J. D., Berchicci, M., Martín, J. M., del Campo, V. L., & García‐Calvo, T. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10040373 · Cited by 11
“…min); (ii) PHYS protocol (i.e., riding on a cycloergometer maintaining the intensity between 65 and 75% of the individual estimated peak heart rate [21] for 30 min); and (iii) COMB protocol (i.e., cycling on a cycloergometer, with an intensity between 65 and 75% of their estimated peak heart rate,…”
Zhao, S., Lin, H., Chi, A., & Gao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.986368 · Cited by 11
“7age) (Tanaka et al., 2001); (4) participants had RPE values of 18–19 and were unable to continue exercise even after encouragement.”
BackgroundDose-response effects of acute exercise intensity on state anxiety among women with depression
Perkins, S. L., Cook, D. B., Herring, M. P., & Meyer, J. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1090077 · Cited by 10
“Percent of maximum heart rate was calculated using participants’ mean age in the age-predicted maximum heart rate equation (20).”
MethodMaximal oxygen uptake prediction from submaximal bicycle ergometry using a differential model
Petelczyc, M., Kotlewski, M., Bruhn, S., & Weippert, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38089-7 · Cited by 11
Bigliassi, M., Cabral, D. F., Kotler, S., Mannino, M., Mavrantza, A. M., Oparina, E., & Gomes‐Osman, J. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14437 · Cited by 9
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., García, J. P. F., Castro, M. A., et al. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14052036 · Cited by 9
Raberin, A., Manferdelli, G., SCHORDERET, F., Bourdillon, N., & Millet, G. P. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003433 · Cited by 9
“…criteria were achieved: an oxygen uptake ( ˙ VO 2 ) increase between two consecutive stages 100 mL, a maximal heart rate (HR) within 10% of the age-predicted maximal value (29), a respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.1, and inability to maintain the imposed pedaling frequency despite maximum effort.”
InfluentialChimienti, G., Russo, F., Bianco, A., Maqoud, F., Virgilio, C. D., Galeano, G., Orlando, A., Riezzo, G., D’Attoma, B., Ignazzi, A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084293 · Cited by 10
Woramontri, C., chaunchaiyakul, R. C., Yang, A., Lin, Y.-Y., & Masodsai, K. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12050120 · Cited by 12
“HRR was calculated using the following equation: where HRmax is the maximal heart rate from Tanaka’s study [38], and HRrest is the resting heart rate.”
MethodThe Physical Demands of Wheelchair Tennis Match Play: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Williamson, S., Ardern, C. L., Berry, C., Heron, N., van Rensburg, D. C. J., Jansen, M. G. T., McCormick, S., Reid, M. M., Sánchez-Pay, A., Saueressig, T., et al. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02028-x · Cited by 9
“These factors encompass age (with lower heart rates in older individuals) [62], the level of spinal cord injury (with lower heart rates in cases of higher spinal cord injury) [63], training level (linked to lower heart rates in individuals that are better trained) [64], and the extent of body…”
The neurological effects of acute physical exhaustion on inhibitory function
Zhao, S., Ait-Belaid, K., Shen, Y., & Zhou, K. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114641 · Cited by 9
“Physical exhaustion was deemed to have been reached when participants satisfied two of the following criteria [22,23]: (1) a heart rate that neared or reached its maximum (HRmax = 220 - age); (2) a subjective perception of exertion at an RPE ≥ 18, indicating an inability to continue the task…”
Ullrich-French, S. C., Cox, A. E., McMahon, A. K., & Thompson, S. A. J. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02417-3 · Cited by 9
“The estimated maximum HR was calculated using the equation by Tanaka et al. (2001) (208—0.7 × age).”
InfluentialCardiorespiratory and aerobic demands of squat exercise
Hong, S.-H., Oh, M., Oh, C.-G., Lee, H., Suh, S., Park, H., Lalande, S., Tanaka, H., & Jeon, J. Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68187-z · Cited by 11
Self-citationJou, J., Zhou, X., Lindow, T., Brudin, L. H., Hedman, K., Ekström, M. P., & Malinovschi, A. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae308 · Cited by 12
Eggertsen, C. N., Larsen, R. G., Duch, K. S., Simonsen, M. B., Christensen, C., Warner, T. C., Frøkjær, J. B., Handberg, A., Stjernholm, T., Vestergaard, E. T., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01645-w · Cited by 9
“Each participant ’ s maximal HR was estimated using the revised age-predicted maximal heart rate equation (208 – (0.7×age)) [30].”
InfluentialKwaro, D., Mendt, S., Muma, J. O., Munga, S., Gunga, H., Heim, Z. H., Matzke, I., Bunker, A., Barteit, S., & Maggioni, M. A. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01601-6 · Cited by 12
“Implausible data, such as heart rate below 40 bpm or above the maximum predicted by the Tanaka formula 45 and CBT readings outside the range of 35 °C – 42 °C, were treated asoutliers 46,47 .”
Sex-related differences in the acute physiological response to a high-intensity CrossFit® workout
Rios, M. J., Cardoso, R., Reis, V. M., Moreira‐Gonçalves, D., Pyne, D. B., & Fernandes, R. J. (2025) · Current Research in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2025.100148 · Cited by 13
“The equation used to calculate the predicted maximal HR (HRmax) for each participant and to which the HR data obtained from the Fran session were compared was 208 – 0.7 x age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialJanssen, S. L. J. E., van Everdingen, W. M., Saalmink, W. B. J., Lamers, S. K., Vroemen, W. H. M., Denessen, E. J. S., Berge, K., Bekers, O., Hopman, M. T. E., Brink, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.04.047 · Cited by 12
Wang, T.-C., Tang, T.-W., Ma, S.-M., Lin, T., & Tsai, C. (2025) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112820 · Cited by 8
Implementation of a real-time ECG signal processor
Chien, S.-Y. C., Hsieh, C., Lin, M. P.-H., et al. (2014) · doi:10.1109/isbb.2014.6820941 · Cited by 9
Körperliche Aktivität bei Übergewicht und Adipositas
Kortmann, T., & Schumacher, G. (2013) · Therapeutische Umschau · doi:10.1024/0040-5930/a000375 · Cited by 9
Retrograde and oscillatory shear increase across the menopause transition
Somani, Y. B., Moore, D. J., Kim, D. J.-K., Gonzales, J. U., Barlow, M. A., Elavsky, S., & Proctor, D. N. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13965 · Cited by 9
Eight Weeks of Interval Training Led to no Improvement in Cardiovascular Variables in the Elderly
Sant’Ana, L. D. O., Vianna, J. M., dos Reis, N. R., Ribeiro, A. A. D. S., Soares, B. D. O., Novaes, J. D. S., Scartoni, F. R., & Machado, S. E. D. C. (2020) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x02013010073 · Cited by 9
Cruthirds, C. L., Deutz, N. E. P., Ligthart‐Melis, G. C., Simbo, S. Y., & ENGELEN, M. P. K. J. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00783.2020 · Cited by 9
Bijl, R. C., Cornette, J. M. J., van der Ham, K., de Zwart, M. L., Miranda, D. D. R., Steegers‐Theunissen, R. P. M., Franx, A., Molinger, J., & Koster, M. P. H. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14624 · Cited by 9
“The estimated maximal HR was calculated using the Tanaka formula: 208 – (0.7 × age; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialVeneroni, C., Pompilio, P. P., Alving, K., Janson, C., Nordang, L., Dellacà, R. L., Johansson, H., & Malinovschi, A. (2021) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13702 · Cited by 9
“Within the first 1.5 min, the cardiac frequency was increased to 90% of the predicted maximum 18 and then maintained for 6 min.”
InfluentialLloyd, A. B., Fiala, D., Heyde, C., & Havenith, G. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00619.2021 · Cited by 9
Exoskeleton-Assisted Walking for Pulmonary and Exercise Performances of SCI Individuals
Xiang, X.-N., Zhang, L., Zong, H.-Y., Ou, Y., Yu, X., Liu, Y., Jiang, H., Cheng, H., He, H., & He, C. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2022.3215652 · Cited by 11
“In this study, the range of age is 40 and the used equation underestimates the HRmax in older adults [59].”
MethodYuan, H., Mao, J., Lai, C., Lu, H., Xue, Y., & Liu, Q. (2022) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2023.121325 · Cited by 9
“The maximum heart rate was estimated by the following equation: HR max = 208-(0.7*age) [28].”
MethodInfluentialLahiani, M., Waer, F. B., Chaari, F., Rebai, H., & Sahli, S. (2023) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2023.2172304 · Cited by 10
“● The maximum heart rate was calculated using the Tanaka et al. equation (HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age)) (Tanaka, Monahan, & Seals, 2001).”
MethodInfluentialNavarro‐Lomas, G., Plaza‐Florido, A., De‐la‐O, A., Castillo, M. J., & Amaro‐Gahete, F. J. (2023) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23945 · Cited by 9
“VO 2 max achieving criteria were: (i) to reach a respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.1, (ii) a plateau in VO 2 (change of 100 mL/min in the last 30 s), and (iii) a heart rate between 10 beats/min of the age-predicted maximal heart rate (209 – 0.73 (cid:4) age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialYang, J., Ye, X., Liu, Z., Sun, M., Yu, S., Lv, H., Wu, B., Zhang, C., Gu, W., He, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129144 · Cited by 9
“Peak heart rate as a percentage of the predicted peak heart rate calculated using the Tanaka formula (peak heart rate=208 – 0.7*age) (34).”
InfluentialRibeiro, J. A., Schuch, F. B., Tonello, L., Vargas, K. F. M., de Oliveira-Junior, S. A., Müller, P. D. T., & Boullosa, D. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356559 · Cited by 13
Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE study
Kasiak, P. S., Kowalski, T., Rębiś, K., Klusiewicz, A., Sadowska, D., Wilk, A., Wiecha, S., Barylski, M., Poliwczak, A. R., Wierzbiński, P., et al. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00939-w · Cited by 10
“Endurance training causes a slower decline of fitness with aging (e.g. VO 2 peak or maximal heart rate) [8, 34].”
BackgroundOptimised heart rate formulae to monitor endurance training in sedentary individuals
Knoepfli-Lenzin, C., Haenggli, B., & Boutellier, U. (2013) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.843015 · Cited by 9
“Other factors such as body mass index (Engels et al., 1998), race (Londeree & Moeschberger, 1982), sex (our results) and habitual physical activity (Tanaka et al., 2001) do not influence the decline of the maximum heart rate with increasing age.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThermoregulation and fluid balance during a 30-km march in 60- versus 80-year-old subjects
Bongers, C. C. W. G., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Nyakayiru, J., Veltmeijer, M. T. W., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9725-1 · Cited by 9
Lopane, G., Contin, M., Scaglione, C. L. M., et al. (2010) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e3181f5328c · Cited by 9
“Cyclette exercise was performed taking heart rate at 70% of the maximal value, correlated with age, obtained in a separate practice trial, according to the Tanaka formula.(9) A low-protein breakfast was allowed 90 minutes after LD dose intake.”
MethodMartínez‐Amat, A., Hita‐Contreras, F., Román, P. Á. L., Gutierrez-López, M. D. L. C., García‐Pinillos, F., & López, E. J. M. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000503 · Cited by 8
“(36) and with positive “talk test” results (10).”
BackgroundPeserico, C. S., Zagatto, A. M., & Machado, F. A. (2015) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2014.12.002 · Cited by 9
Iemitsu, M., Fujie, S. J., Murakami, H., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2862-5 · Cited by 9
Filho, J. D. P. R., Silva, F., Coutinho, L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Applied Computing Research · doi:10.4013/jacr.2016.51.04 · Cited by 9
“As a result of this study, it was identified that the dominant model for detecting the intensity of physical activities consists in the analysis of the heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001; Sui et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCare of the Patient with Chest Pain in the Observation Unit
Borawski, J. B., Graff, L., & Limkakeng, A. T. (2017) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2017.03.003 · Cited by 9
“heart rate based on age.(39,40) Additionally, the ACC/AHA have set forth guidelines that specify other reasons for termination of exercise testing (Table 3).”
MethodMaximal heart rate differs between laboratory and field conditions among female athletes
Coutinho, C., Watson, A., Brickson, S. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2017.122.15 · Cited by 9
Colosio, A. L., & Pogliaghi, S. (2018) · Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps · doi:10.1136/jramc-2017-000887 · Cited by 9
Analysis of heart rate variability and its application in sports medicine: A review
Vega-Martínez, G., Ramos-Becerril, F. J., Mirabent-Amor, D., Franco-Sánchez, J. G., Vera, A., Alvarado-Serrano, C., & Leija, L. (2018) · Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE) · doi:10.1109/gmepe-pahce.2018.8400756 · Cited by 9
“[22,23].”
Closed-Loop Quantitative Verification of Rate-Adaptive Pacemakers
Paoletti, N., Patanè, A., & Kwiatkowska, M. (2018) · ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems · doi:10.1145/3152767 · Cited by 9
“Alternative laws for the maximum HR have been proposed (Tanaka et al. 2001) but are outside the scope of our study.”
BackgroundCosta, P., Junior, R. F. S., Perez, A. J., Gama, M. D. P., Lanchtermacher, R., Musialowski, R., Braga, F., Coelho, V. D. M., & Palma, A. (2019) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-019-0200-5 · Cited by 12
Ciolac, E. G., Castro, R. E., Marçal, I. R., Bacal, F., Bocchi, E. A., & Guimarães, G. V. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319880650 · Cited by 10
Munari, A. B., Venâncio, R. S., Klein, S. R., Gulart, A. A., Silva, I. J. C. S., Sonza, A., Lago, P. D., & Mayer, A. F. (2019) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000469 · Cited by 10
Kozlov, S. G., Čaprnda, M., Чернова, О. В., Матвеева, М. А., Алексеева, И. А., Gazdíková, K., Gašpar, Ľ., Kružliak, P., Filipová, S., & Ахнафович, Г. З. (2020) · Folia Medica · doi:10.3897/folmed.62.e49809 · Cited by 9
Fatigue-related changes in vertical impact properties during normal and silent running
Pîrșcoveanu, C.-I., Dam, P., Brandi, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1824340 · Cited by 9
Cornell, D. J., Noel, S. E., Zhang, X., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010109 · Cited by 9
Hayashi, K., Yamaguchi, H., Amaoka, H., Takahara, T., Kunisa, S., Tamai, N., Maejima, N., Watanabe, N., Kobayashi, Y., & Tanaka, H. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00651.2020 · Cited by 9
Self-citationEffectiveness of Minimal Contact Interventions: An RCT
Hajna, S., Sharp, S. J., Cooper, A., Williams, K. M., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Brage, S., Griffin, S. J., & Sutton, S. R. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.010 · Cited by 12
“The test ended when participants requested to stop or when 80% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate was reached.(36) Oxygen consumption per kg body mass was predicted”
BackgroundBigliassi, M., Ocubaro, A. M., Lima‐Silva, A. E., Buzzachera, C. F., & Bertuzzi, R. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1919743 · Cited by 9
Tao, Q., Zhang, C., & Li, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.629061 · Cited by 10
Boullosa, D. A., Dragutinovic, B., Deutsch, J., Held, S., Donath, L., Bloch, W., & Schumann, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157968 · Cited by 9
“Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) averaging the VO2 recorded over the final 30 s was validated after attainment of ≥ 90% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) [27], a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥ 1.”
MethodMasood, I. R., Detterich, J. A., Cerrone, D., Lewinter, K. E., Shah, P., Kato, R. M., & Sabati, A. A. (2021) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-021-02692-0 · Cited by 9
Yui, J., Okano, S., & Nishizawa, H. (2021) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.33.717 · Cited by 9
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Villafaina, S., García‐Calvo, T., & García, J. P. F. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050767 · Cited by 10
“7 × age” [25] and controlled using the V800, Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland), two series of 20 m of progressive running intensity [26], and five services.”
MethodBenjamim, C. J. R., de Sousa, F. W., Porto, A. A., Rocha, É. M. B., Santana, M. D. R., Garner, D. M., Valenti, V. E., & Júnior, C. R. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.890388 · Cited by 9
“7 x age) (13) for a “warm-up” and, next, the treadmill speed (Inbrasport ATL 2000, Brazil) was increased to values equivalent to 65–70% of the estimated maximum HR.”
BackgroundJafarnezhadgero, A., Noroozi, R., Fakhri, E., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.942589 · Cited by 9
RetractedValidation of StepTest4all for Assessing Cardiovascular Capacity in Young Adults
Bragada, J. A. A., Bartolomeu, R. F., Rodrigues, P. M., Rodrigues, P. M. M., Bragada, J. P., & Morais, J. E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811274 · Cited by 13
Martins, R., Duncan, M. J., Clark, C. C. T., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2022) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports10100142 · Cited by 9
“7 (age) equations [32], as these equations can closely predict HRMAX for children aged 7–17 years [33].”
Backgroundde Loos, A. D., Jiskoot, G., van den Berg-Emons, R. J. G., Louwers, Y. V., Beerthuizen, A., Busschbach, J. J. V., & Laven, J. S. E. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12072466 · Cited by 11
Mahé, G., Zeeny, M., Ouédraogo, N., Vielle, B., Lefthériotis, G., & Abraham, P. (2010) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00978.x · Cited by 10
“Last, estimated maximal HR was calculated as 208 ) 0Æ7 · age in years (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodEdwards, A. G., Hill, J. O., Byrnes, W. C., & Browning, R. C. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181bd196d · Cited by 9
“VO2max was calculated as a function of individual HR-VO2 relations from the calibration protocol, and age-predicted maximal HR according to the equation of Tanaka and Seals (29).”
Can a submaximal exercise test predict peak exercise performance in dancers?
Vissers, D. K., Roussel, N. A., Mistiaen, W. P., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2010.536574 · Cited by 9
“7 times the participant’s age in years as proposed by Tanaka et al (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
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