The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
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Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
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Effect of Tabata training program on body fat reduction in healthy inactive women
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Manzi, V., Savoia, C., Padua, E., Edriss, S., Iellamo, F., Caminiti, G., & Annino, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1230912 · Cited by 17
“…max was considered as the attainment of at least 2 of the following criteria: a) a plateau in _ VO2 despite increasing speeds, b) a respiratory exchange ratio above 1.10, c) an HR ± 10 b min -1 of age-predicted HR max (208 – 0.7 age) (di Prampero, 1986; Howley et al., 1995; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialKawashima, C., Chen, C., Hagiwara, K., Mizumoto, T., Watarai, M., Koga, T., Higuchi, F., Fujii, Y., Okabe, E., & Nakagawa, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50282-2 · Cited by 13
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Wearable heart rate sensing and critical power-based whole-body fatigue monitoring in the field
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Miranda, J. M., Browne, R. A. V., da Silva, W. Q. A., dos Santos, J. P. R., Campbell, C. S. G., & Ramos, I. A. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/65562 · Cited by 19
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“Partic-ipant’s maximum HR (HR max ) was calculated as the age-predicted maximum using the Tanaka formula 47 and set from the player’s profile on Catapult Openfield software before the beginning of the OFR period.”
Predicted Equation for VO2 Based on a 20-Meter Multistage Shuttle Run Test for Children
Arsa, G., Lanza, F. C., Cambri, L. T., Antônio, E. L., Murad, N., de Mello, M. T., Santos, A. C., de Carvalho, P. D. T. C., Silva-Junior, J., Bocalini, D. S., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-0665-4700 · Cited by 13
“7 x age) [28] validated for children and adolescents.”
BackgroundDrum, S. N., Rappelt, L., & Donath, L. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7080195 · Cited by 11
“7 × age) [14], the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake > 1.”
BackgroundRoxburgh, B. H., Campbell, H. A., Cotter, J. D., Reymann, U., Williams, M. J. A., Gwynne‐Jones, D., & Thomas, K. N. (2020) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15162 · Cited by 12
Lower‐body dynamic exercise reduces wave reflection in healthy young adults
Stock, J. M., Chirinos, J. A., & Edwards, D. G. (2021) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep089581 · Cited by 11
“Age-predicted maximal heart rate for each subject was calculated as 208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialThe acute effects of continuous and intermittent cycling on executive function in children
Martins, R., Duncan, M. J., Clark, C. C. T., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2021) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103363 · Cited by 12
Nasrollahi, N., Quensell, J., & Machado, L. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0125 · Cited by 11
Re-Visiting Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Using Cross-Validation in Population Aged 7–55 Years
Park, J.-H., Jung, H. C., Jung, Y., Song, J.-K., & Lee, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148509 · Cited by 11
“7 × age) [18] among the suggested equations.”
Sun, X., Xiao, W., Li, Z., Zhou, S., Dong, M., Huang, C. X., Ma, Y., & Gou, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1003572 · Cited by 11
“HRmax was calculated using the following formula: HRmax=(220-age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodCarneiro, I., Krustrup, P., Castagna, C., Pereira, R., Coelho, E., & Póvoas, S. C. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275483 · Cited by 11
Acute effects of mindful interval exercise on cognitive performance in a higher education setting
Kao, S., Baumgartner, N. W., Pritt, T., Wu, S., Schmitt, S. A., Ullrich-French, S. C., & Wang, C. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102326 · Cited by 11
Hooren, B. V., & Lepers, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1122315 · Cited by 13
“7 beats·minute-1 per year (Tanaka et al., 2001)), and decrease in muscle mass (Fleg and Lakatta, 1988).”
BackgroundArias, O. E., Groehler, J., Wolff, M., & Choi, S. D. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13042347 · Cited by 12
Aerobic exercise and action observation priming modulate functional connectivity
Mark, J. I., Ryan, H. P., Fabian, K., DeMarco, K., Lewek, M. D., & Cassidy, J. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283975 · Cited by 11
Polechoński, J., Kostorz, K., & Polechoński, P. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app132011536 · Cited by 11
Faulk, K. E., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01283.x · Cited by 11
Physical Activity Clinical Practice Guidelines: What's New in 2013?
Armstrong, M. J., & Sigal, R. J. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.046 · Cited by 11
Intense Physical Exercise Reduces Overt Attentional Capture
Llorens, F., Sanabria, D., Huertas, F., Molina, E., & Bennett, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0087 · Cited by 11
Cribari, M., Rüst, C. A., Rosemann, T. J., Onywera, V. O., Lepers, R., & Knechtle, B. (2013) · Sports Medicine Arthroscopy Rehabilitation Therapy & Technology · doi:10.1186/2052-1847-5-24 · Cited by 11
“Nevertheless, running performance is related to age-dependent physiological changes [3,10,14-19].”
Álvarez-Herms, J., Julià‐Sánchez, S., Corbi, F., Pagés, T., & Viscor, G. (2015) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2015.08.005 · Cited by 11
Peres, P. A. T., Carvalho, A. C., Pérez, A. B. A., & Medeiros, W. M. (2015) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951115002322 · Cited by 12
Kim, M. S. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Radiology · doi:10.5812/iranjradiol.34016 · Cited by 11
“Therefore, circulation time increases with age (29, 39, 41, 42).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMaciejczyk, M., Araźny, A., & Opyrchał, M. (2016) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1244-6 · Cited by 11
“The maximal heart rate (HRmax) of the subjects was determined using the following formula: HRmax = 208–0.7·age (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialLópez, J. A. H., Martínez, P. Y. O., Meza, E. I. A., et al. (2017) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2017.66.005 · Cited by 11
Benefcial effects of intradialytic cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
Guio, B. M., Gomes, C. P., da Costa, F. B., de Oliveira, A. D. S., Duarte, M. T., & Leite, M. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20170051 · Cited by 15
Confirming Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Is Heart Rate the Answer?
Keiller, D. R., & Gordon, D. A. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-121148 · Cited by 11
“Calculated HRage (220-age) was significantly higher, than recorded HRmaxs in both trial and verification phases (▶table 1), However calculated HRages, [25, 53] were not significantly different, from measured HRmaxs, in the incremental trials, D ow nl oa de d by : F lo rid a S ta te U ni ve rs ity L ib ra rie s.”
BackgroundResultA triggering mechanism for end-to-end IoT eHealth system with connected ambulance vehicles
Elsaadany, A., Sedky, A. A., & Elkholy, N. (2017) · International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA) · doi:10.1109/iisa.2017.8316405 · Cited by 11
Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Equations Are Inaccurate for Use in Youth Male Soccer Players
Cicone, Z. S., Sinelnikov, O. A., & Esco, M. R. (2018) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2017-0281 · Cited by 11
Exercise performance after univentricular palliation
Talwar, S., Kumar, M., Sreenivas, V., Gupta, V. P., Choudhary, S., & Airan, B. (2018) · Annals of Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.4103/apc.apc_43_17 · Cited by 12
Measuring fine-grained heart-rate using a flexible wearable sensor in the presence of noise
Zhang, L., King, Z., Egilmez, B., Reeder, J. T., Ghaffari, R., Rogers, J. A., Rosen, K. D., Bass, M., Moskowitz, J. T., Tandon, S. D., et al. (2018) · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn.2018.8329683 · Cited by 10
“4 bpm) [4] & [12], [14], we consider any R-R interval out of the range of 300 ms to 1500 ms to be invalid.”
BackgroundGomes, A. L., Mendonça, V. A., Silva, T. D. S., Pires, C. K. V., Lima, L. P., Silva, A. M., Camargos, A. C. R., Neves, C. D. C., Lacerda, A. C. R., & Leite, H. R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206867 · Cited by 11
FARKLI ISINMA PROTOKOLLERİNİN 1-MAKSİMUM TEKRAR SKUAT PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE AKUT ETKİSİ
Kafkas, M. E., Ilbak, İ., Eken, Ö., et al. (2018) · Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17155/omuspd.401041 · Cited by 11
Deshayes, T. A., Flore, A. D. L., Gosselin, J., et al. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7090198 · Cited by 11
“[16] was used to compute the estimated maximal heart rate.”
MethodInfluentialMangan, S., Collins, K. D., Burns, C., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1689003 · Cited by 11
Elnaggar, R. K. (2020) · Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.1002/lsm.23231 · Cited by 11
Uphill walking at iso-efficiency speeds
Milić, M., Erceg, M., Palermi, S., Iuliano, E., Borrelli, M., Cè, E., Esposito, F., & Padulo, J. (2020) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2020.95635 · Cited by 11
Zubac, D., Ivančev, V., Valić, Z., & Šimunič, B. (2020) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0307 · Cited by 11
“…lower HR max. was attained during the maximal CPET in middle-aged compared to young women, and this finding is in line with the meta-analysis of Tanaka et al. (2001) performed on >18,000 healthy men and women where Tanaka showed that the HR max. declines throughout lifespan by 0.7 bmp yr-1,…”
ResultInfluentialCraven, T. P., Jex, N., Chew, P. G., Higgins, D. M., Bissell, M. M., Brown, L., Saunderson, C. E. D., Das, A., Chowdhary, A., Dall’Armellina, E., et al. (2020) · International journal of cardiac imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-020-02044-8 · Cited by 11
A Knowledge Translation Framework for Optimizing Physical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure
Dias, K. J., Shoemaker, M. J., Lefebvre, K. M., et al. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab079 · Cited by 11
ten Haaf, D. S. M., Flipsen, M., Horstman, A. M. H., Timmerman, H., Steegers, M. A. H., de Groot, C. P. G. M., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030858 · Cited by 14
“7 *age) [31], in a subset of our study population.”
BackgroundVO2peak Response Heterogeneity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: To HIIT or Not to HIIT?
Schlagheck, M. L., Wucherer, A., Rademacher, A., Joisten, N., Proschinger, S., Walzik, D., Bloch, W., Kool, J., Gonzenbach, R. R., Bansi, J., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1481-8639 · Cited by 13
Individual heart rate assessment and bout analysis of vigorous physical activity in children
Camp, C. M. V., Batchelder, S. R., & Helvey, C. I. (2022) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.922 · Cited by 11
“To calculate children’s maximum HR, age is multiplied by .7 and subtracted from 208 (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodSympathetic vasomotor outflow during low‐intensity leg cycling in healthy older males
Katayama, K., Saito, M., Ishida, K., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, K., Mizuno, S., & Ogoh, S. (2022) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep090497 · Cited by 11
“The maximal heart rate was predicted using the formula of 208 – 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialValidating the Use of Heart Rate Variability for Estimating Energy Expenditure
Robertson, A., KING, K. B., Ritchie, S., Gauthier, A., Laurence, M., & Dorman, S. (2015) · International journal of human movement and sports sciences · doi:10.13189/saj.2015.030203 · Cited by 11
Rubisch, J., Husinsky, M., Doppler, J., et al. (2010) · doi:10.1145/1859799.1859818 · Cited by 11
“Next to the equation of Tanaka [13], a number of different prediction equations were published in the last decades and often controversially discussed.”
BackgroundMethodMild training program in metabolic syndrome improves the efficiency of the oxygen pathway
Passoni, E., Lania, A., Adamo, S., Grasso, G. S., Noè, D., Miserocchi, G., & Beretta, E. P. (2014) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.12.017 · Cited by 11
Tasaki, H., Serita, T., Ueyama, C., Kitano, K., Seto, S., Yano, K., & Camm, A. J. (2006) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.47.549 · Cited by 11
Abad, C. C. C., da Silva, R. S., Mostarda, C. T., et al. (2010) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1807-55092010000400010 · Cited by 11
Donath, L., Boettger, S., Puta, C., Wetzig, F., Mueller, H. J., Bär, K., & Gabriel, H. H. W. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.012 · Cited by 11
Predicted maximal heart rate for upper body exercise testing
Hill, M. W., Talbot, C., & Price, M. (2014) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12201 · Cited by 11
“, 1971), (ii) 208 0 7 9 age (Tanaka et al., 2001) and (iii) 220 age 10 (Franklin et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDrum, S. N., Faude, O., du Lavallaz, E. D. F., et al. (2016) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.06.022 · Cited by 11
Gene Expression in Response to Exercise in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Keech, A., Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Barry, B. K., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00421 · Cited by 11
Heinzmann‐Filho, J. P., Zanatta, L. B., Vendrusculo, F. M., da Silva, J. S., Gheller, M. F., Campos, N. E., Oliveira, M. D. S., Feóli, A. M. P., Gustavo, A. D. S., & Donadio, M. V. F. (2018) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;3;00015 · Cited by 18
Effect of Aerobic Training and C. vulgaris Intake on Lipid Profile and Leptin in Obese Women
Karbalamahdi, A., Abedi, B., Fatolahi, H., & Pazoki, A. (2019) · Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/hmj.91436 · Cited by 13
“7 × age) (22) THR = [%intensity desired × (HRmax/peak - HRrest)] + HRrest Blood samples were taken in a steady state of the middle vein (basilica) by 5-cc syringes.”
Comprehensive miscarriage dataset for an early miscarriage prediction
Asri, H., Mousannif, H., & Moatassime, H. A. (2018) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.012 · Cited by 11
Singh, R., Tetrick, M. K., Fisher, J. L., Washington, P. Y., Yu, J., Paskett, E. D., Penedo, F. J., Clinton, S. K., & Benzo, R. M. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/65095 · Cited by 10
“…at 77% of maximum HR for VPA [37], and maximum HR was computed by the American College of Sports Medicine’s recommended formula of 208 – 0.7×age [38]; and (3) Fitbit algorithm: the device outputs of “sedentary,” “lightly active,” “fairly active,” and “very active” minutes were used as analogs…”
InfluentialYang, Q., Wang, J., & Guan, D. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01191-6 · Cited by 14
Effects of Introducing Rest Intervals in Functional Fitness Training
Hernández-Lougedo, J., Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola, E., Fernández‐Rodríguez, T., Guodemar‐Pérez, J., Otero-Campos, Á., Lozano-Estevan, M. D. C., Cañuelo-Márquez, A. M., de Jesús, F., Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., García-Fernández, P., et al. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11209731 · Cited by 11
“Both mean HR values indicated high-intensity exercise (FFTstandard = 172 ± 10 bpm, FFTadapted = 171 ± 8 bpm), as both were 90% of age-predicted HR during the workouts and above 95% at the end (FFTstandard = 182 ± 8 bpm, FFTadapted = 181 ± 6 bpm) [32].”
BackgroundAssessment of cardiovascular load among hotel room cleaners
Dinh-Dang, D., Khafagy, A. A., Krause, N., & Adamson, C. H. (2022) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103886 · Cited by 14
High-intensity acute exercise impacts motor learning in healthy older adults
Taylor, E. M., Cadwallader, C. J., Curtin, D., Chong, T. T. ‐., Hendrikse, J. J., & Coxon, J. P. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00220-2 · Cited by 13
Torre, M. M., Carrubba, C., Langeard, A., Hugues, N., Laurin, J., & Temprado, J.-J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13051235 · Cited by 11
“The heart rate monitor allowed the coach and the scientific team to ensure that their mean heart rates during each session were close to 70–80% of their estimated HRmax, calculated with the conventional formula of Tanaka et al. (208 − 0.7 × age) [26].”
MethodInfluentialSchmidt, K. G., Lerche, A. F., Christensen, M. R., Rasmussen, C. L., Straker, L. M., Mathiassen, S. E., & Holtermann, A. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.4145 · Cited by 11
“Relative heart rate was expressed as percentage HRR, ie, the interval between the estimated maximal heart rate (15) and the resting heart rate.”
BackgroundGlycaemic Effects of a 156-km Ultra-trail Race in Athletes: An Observational Field Study
Parent, C., Mauvieux, B., Lespagnol, É., Hingrand, C., Vauthier, J., Noirez, P., Hurdiel, R., Martinet, Q., Delaunay, P., Besnard, S., et al. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02013-4 · Cited by 12
“…of heart rate reserve (%HRR) using the Karvonen formula: %HRR = (HR − resting HR)/(maximum HR − resting HR) × 100; with maximum HR theoretically calculated as HR = 208 − (0.7 × age) [29] and resting HR measured with the waistcoat during 5 min lying in bed before getting up on the day of the race.”
InfluentialCui, S., Ji, H., Li, L., et al. (2024) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-024-03010-z · Cited by 10
“The intensity setting for endurance training in our study was based on the maximum expected heart rate, which is not as objective as a cardiopulmonary exercise test, but is convenient for studies with large sample sizes [22].”
MethodInfluentialPompeo, A., Afonso, J. R., Cirillo, E. L. R., Costa, J. A., Vilaça‐Alves, J., Garrido, N. D., González‐Víllora, S., WILLIAMS, A. M., & Casanova, F. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14646 · Cited by 10
Target Heart Rate Formulas for Exercise Stress Testing: What Is the Evidence?
Almaadawy, O., Uretsky, B. F., Krittanawong, C., & Birnbaum, Y. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13185562 · Cited by 12
“Other than APMHR calculation via different formulas, many factors influence HR and APMHR prediction, such as sex, physical activity, smoking habits, and prescribed medications [11–14].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe accuracy of fixed intensity anchors to estimate lactate thresholds in recreational runners
Nuuttila, O., Kaikkonen, P., Sievänen, H. T., Vasankari, T. J., & Kyröläinen, H. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05748-8 · Cited by 14
“The VO 2max was defined as the highest 60-s mean oxygen consumption, and the maximum HR as the highest recorded (non-erroneous) value during the test (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialWang, F., Xu, H., Lei, T., Xu, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, L. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00108.2025 · Cited by 10
Respuesta psicofisiológica en un salto táctico paracaidista a gran altitud. A propósito de un caso
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Pérez, J. J. R., & Toledo, P. M. (2015) · ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica (Universidad Europea) · Cited by 10
Foco, E. (2016) · Cited by 10
Effects of post-activation potentiation and carbohydrate mouth rinse on repeated sprint ability
de Oliveira, J. J., Verlengia, R., Barbosa, C. G. R., Sindorf, M. A. G., da Rocha, G. L., Lopes, C. R., & Crisp, A. H. (2018) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2019.141.13 · Cited by 12
“Before each experimental condition, the subjects performed a standard warm-up exercise, consisting of 5-min treadmill running with an intensity between 60 and 70% of the maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodCANCINO-RAMÍREZ, J., Troncoso-Ortiz, E. J., Pino-Zúñiga, J., Olivares, M., Escaffi, M. J., RIFFO, A., Donoso, I. A. P., M., M. V., & González-Rojas, L. (2019) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872019001101468 · Cited by 10
Bock, J. M., Iwamoto, E., Horak, J. G., Feider, A. J., Hanada, S., & Casey, D. P. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00055.2020 · Cited by 10
Obese Patients Decrease Work Rate in Order to Keep a Constant Target Heart Rate
Zuccarelli, L., Sartório, A., Micheli, R. D., et al. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002551 · Cited by 10
Notkin, G. T., Kristensen, P. L., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Jensen, A. K., & Mølsted, S. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2021/6640600 · Cited by 10
“The maximum heart rates of the participants were calculated using the following formula: 208 − ð age ∗ 0:7Þ [24].”
MethodSex-specific response to whole-body vibration training: a randomized controlled trial
Hartard, M., Seiler, A., Spitzenpfeil, P., Engel, L., Hartard, D., Fenneni, M. A., & Saad, H. B. (2021) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2021.102806 · Cited by 10
“%) of the predicted maximal HR (predicted maximal HR (bpm) = 210 – (0.65 x Age)) [54].”
BackgroundInfluentialIndependent influence of age on heart rate recovery after flywheel exercise in trained men and women
Zubac, D., Goswami, N., Ivančev, V., Valić, Z., & Šimunič, B. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91565-w · Cited by 12
Zhang, Q. (2021) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2021.212 · Cited by 9
Ashworth, E. T., Cotter, J. D., & Kilding, A. E. (2022) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2022.2058096 · Cited by 10
“%) until voluntary termination, 20 min passed, or ethical limits of core temperature exceeding 39.5 �C or heart rate exceeding 95% age-predicted max for 10 s (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals 2001) were reached.”
BackgroundInfluentialCasanova, F., Esteves, P., Padilha, M. B., Ribeiro, J., WILLIAMS, A. M., & Garganta, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885765 · Cited by 10
“There were two workload test conditions: (i) low-workload–players were required to achieve 60% of their Maximal Heart Rate (HRmax); and ii) high-workload–players were required to achieve at least 90%; both according to the age-predicted HRmax equation (Tanaka et al., 2001; Robergs and Landwehr, 2002).”
MethodCurci, R., Bianco, A., Franco, I., Campanella, A., Mirizzi, A., Bonfiglio, C., Sorino, P., Fucilli, F., Giovanni, G. D., Giampaolo, N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154339 · Cited by 12
“To determine the maximum agepredicted heart rate, we used Tanaka’s formulas [21].”
MethodVasquez-Bonilla, A. A., Rojas‐Valverde, D., Timón, R., & Olcina, G. J. (2022) · Apunts Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.apunsm.2022.100395 · Cited by 10
The impact of physical load on duration estimation in sport
Schütz, L.-M., Betsch, T., Plessner, H., & Schweizer, G. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102368 · Cited by 11
Glycaemia and cardiac arrhythmias in people with type 1 diabetes: A prospective observational study
Hagelqvist, P. G., Andersen, A., Maytham, K. B., Andreasen, C. R., Engberg, S., Lindhardt, T. B., Forman, J. L., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15108 · Cited by 11
“Tachycardias were defined as events with a heart rate of 85% or higher of the maximum heart rate.(13) Bradycardias were defined as events with eight or more consecutive beats with a heart rate of 30 beats per minute or less, and pauses were defined as any event with at least 3 seconds without any QRS complexes.”
MethodLin, Y.-Y., Su, C.-T., Liao, Y. ‐., & Liu, Y. ‐. (2023) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.13071 · Cited by 10
Ageing attenuates exercise‐enhanced motor cortical plasticity
Curtin, D., Cadwallader, C. J., Taylor, E. M., Andrews, S. C., Stout, J. C., Hendrikse, J. J., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Coxon, J. P. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285243 · Cited by 13
“Maximum heart rate was estimated as 220 − (0.7 × Age in years) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialMacGregor, K. A., Ho, F. K. W., Celis-Morales, C. A., Pell, J. P., Gallagher, I. J., & Moran, C. N. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03195-w · Cited by 10
“Predicted maximal work rate was calculated by extrapolating heart rate and work-load before exercise and at the end of exercise to predict maximal heart rate (208 − (0.7 × age year)) [46], assuming a linear relationship [47].”
MethodInfluentialPoeta, L. S., Duarte, M. D. F. D. S., Giuliano, I. D. C. B., & Júnior, J. C. D. F. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n2p134 · Cited by 10
A mobile system for real-time context-aware monitoring of patients' health and fainting
Sannino, G., & Pietro, G. D. (2014) · International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1504/ijdmb.2014.064891 · Cited by 10
“ HRmax is the maximum patient’s heart rate calculated by using Karvonen formula (Tanaka et al., 2001);”
MethodExercise outcomes in prevalent users of stimulant medications
Westover, A. N., Nakonezny, P. A., Barlow, C. E., Vongpatanasin, W., Adinoff, B. H., Brown, E. S., Mortensen, E. M., Halm, E. A., & DeFina, L. F. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.011 · Cited by 9
Park, S.-A., Lee, A.-Y., Lee, H.-S., Lee, K.-S., & Son, K.-C. (2015) · Horticultural Science and Technology · doi:10.7235/hort.2015.14084 · Cited by 10
Stoller, O., de Bruin, E. D., Schuster‐Amft, C., Schindelholz, M., de Bie, R. A., & Hunt, K. J. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-304 · Cited by 10
“Both test protocols will follow strict termination criteria for cardiopulmonary exercise testing including: (1) abnormal blood pressure responses, that is, hypertensive (systolic BP >210 mmHg or diastolic BP >115 mmHg) when exercising at high work rate, or hypotensive responses (decrease in BP >10 mmHg) despite an inc…”
BackgroundField study of age-differentiated strain for assembly line workers in the automotive industry
Börner, K., Scherf, C., Leitner-Mai, B., et al. (2012) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-2012-1002-5160 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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