Impaired conflict resolution and alerting in children with ADHD: evidence from the Attention Network Task (ANT)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An important theory of attention suggests that there are three separate networks that execute discrete cognitive functions. The 'alerting' network acquires and maintains an alert state, the 'orienting' network selects information from sensory input and the 'conflict' network resolves conflict that arises between potential responses. This theory holds promise for dissociating discrete patterns of cognitive impairment in disorders where attentional deficits may often be subtle, such as in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The Attentional Network Test (ANT), a behavioural assay of the functional integrity of attention networks, was used to examine the performance of 73 children with ADHD and 73 controls. RESULTS: Performance on the ANT clearly differentiated the children with and without ADHD in terms of mean and standard deviation (SD) of reaction time (RT), the number of incorrect responses made and the number of omission errors made. The ADHD group demonstrated deficits in the conflict network in terms of slower RT and a higher number of incorrect responses. The ADHD group showed deficits in the alerting network in terms of the number of omission errors made. There was no demonstration of a deficit in the orienting network in ADHD on this task. CONCLUSIONS: The children with ADHD demonstrated deficits in the alerting and conflict attention networks but normal functioning of the orienting network.
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Johnson et al. reported evidence for impaired alerting and conflict resolution in youth with ADHD as measured using the Attention Network Test.
“Johnson et al. (Johnson et al., 2008) reported evidence for impaired alerting and conflict resolution in youth with ADHD as measured using the Attention Network Test (ANT; Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz, & Posner, 2002).”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Johnson, K. A., Robertson, I. H., Barry, E., Mulligan, A., Dáibhis, A., Daly, M., Watchorn, A., Gill, M., & Bellgrove, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Katherine A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-11-21
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1339-1347
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2129984031
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, attentional networks, conflict resolution, alerting network, orienting network, Attention Network Test, reaction time, omission errors, incorrect responses, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior, Cognition, Conflict, Psychological, Cues, Humans, Ireland, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Reaction Time, Task Performance and Analysis
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