Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention.
Abstract
Many neurocognitive models of anxiety emphasize the importance of a hyper-responsive threat-detection system centered on the amygdala, with recent accounts incorporating a role for prefrontal mechanisms in regulating attention to threat. Here we investigated whether trait anxiety is associated with a much broader dysregulation of attentional control. Volunteers performed a response-conflict task under conditions that posed high or low demands on attention. High trait-anxious individuals showed reduced prefrontal activity and slower target identification in response to processing competition when the task did not fully occupy attentional resources. The relationship between trait anxiety and prefrontal recruitment remained after controlling for state anxiety. These findings indicate that trait anxiety is linked to impoverished recruitment of prefrontal attentional control mechanisms to inhibit distractor processing even when threat-related stimuli are absent. Notably, this deficit was observed when ongoing task-related demands on attention were low, potentially explaining the day-to-day difficulties in concentration that are associated with clinical anxiety.
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The overall findings on vocal fold reactivity during phonation in response to emotional and cognitive load can be summed up with Bishop's perspective that there is an interaction between emotional and cognitive load resulting from a competition for resources.
“The overall findings with regard to vocal fold reactivity during phonation in response to emotional and cognitive load could be summed up with the perspective from Bishop (2009) who found that there is an interaction between emotional and cognitive load that is the result of a competition for resources.”
From Voice Stress Analysis: A New Framework for Voice and Effort in Human Performance (2018) · cites this paper as Bishop, 2009
When coping with anxiety during cognitive load, top-down cognitive control mechanisms compete for resources with bottom-up emotional sensory mechanisms.
“It has been hypothesized that, when coping with anxiety during cognitive load, top-down cognitive control mechanisms compete for resources with bottom-up emotional sensory mechanisms (e.g., Bishop, 2009; King and Schaefer, 2010).”
From Voice Stress Analysis: A New Framework for Voice and Effort in Human Performance (2018) · cites this paper as Bishop, 2009
Research in non-clinical samples suggests that trait anxiety, and especially anxious apprehension (worry), is associated with impairments in inhibiting competing responses.
“However, research in non-clinical samples suggests that trait anxiety, and especially anxious apprehension (worry) is associated with impairments in a specific aspect of EF, inhibiting competing responses (Bishop, 2008; Snyder et al., 2010, 2014; Eysenck and Derakshan, 2011).”
From Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology: bridging the gap between clinical and cognitive approaches (2015) · cites this paper as Bishop, 2008
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- Authors
- Bishop, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bishop, Sonia J
- ORCID
- Bishop, Sonia J
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-12-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-98
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2074446611
- Cited by
- 869
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 13.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- trait anxiety, prefrontal cortex, attentional control, response conflict, distractor inhibition, target identification, threat detection, amygdala, state anxiety, attentional demands, concentration difficulties
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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