Genetic liability to schizophrenia is associated with exposure to traumatic events in childhood
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Abstract
Background: There is a wealth of literature on the observed association between childhood trauma and psychotic illness. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis is complex and could be explained, in part, by gene–environment correlation. Methods: The association between schizophrenia polygenic scores (PGS) and experiencing childhood trauma was investigated using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Schizophrenia PGS were derived in each cohort for children, mothers, and fathers where genetic data were available. Measures of trauma exposure were derived based on data collected throughout childhood and adolescence (0–17 years; ALSPAC) and at age 8 years (MoBa). Results: Within ALSPAC, we found a positive association between schizophrenia PGS and exposure to trauma across childhood and adolescence; effect sizes were consistent for both child or maternal PGS. We found evidence of an association between the schizophrenia PGS and the majority of trauma subtypes investigated, with the exception of bullying. These results were comparable with those of MoBa. Within ALSPAC, genetic liability to a range of additional psychiatric traits was also associated with a greater trauma exposure. Conclusions: Results from two international birth cohorts indicate that genetic liability for a range of psychiatric traits is associated with experiencing childhood trauma. Genome-wide association study of psychiatric phenotypes may also reflect risk factors for these phenotypes. Our findings also suggest that youth at higher genetic risk might require greater resources/support to ensure they grow-up in a healthy environment.
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Maltreated children may have higher polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.
“may have higher polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and depression) (10, 11)”
From Childhood Maltreatment and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Quasi-Experimental Studies (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Sallis, H. M., Croft, J., Havdahl, A., Jones, H. J., Dunn, E. C., Davey Smith, G., Zammit, S., & Munafò, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sallis, Hannah M.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1814-1821
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC8381289
- OpenAlex
- W3009586658
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (223273)
- Wellcome Trust (102215/2/13/2), 217065/Z/19/Z)
- United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration
- Trond Mohn stiftelse
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (MC_UU_00011/1)
- University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/7, R01MH113930, MC_UU_00011/1, 102215/2/13/2)
- Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet (2018059, 2020022)
- Novo Nordisk
- Helse Vest
- Universitetet i Bergen (223273)
- Norges Forskningsråd (229624, 223273)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- National Institutes of Health (223273, 102215/2/13/2)
- Medical Research Council (R01MH113930, 102215, MC_UU_00011/7, ref: 102215/2/13/2, 102215/2/13/2, MR/L010305/1, MC_PC_15018, MC_UU_00011/1, MC_PC_19009, MC_UU_00011)
- Helse Sør-Øst RHF (2020022, 223273, 2018059)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (223273, 229624)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH113930)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, childhood trauma, genetic susceptibility, polygenic risk score, gene-environment correlation, bullying, psychiatric traits, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Norway, Parents, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies, Multifactorial Inheritance, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult, Gene-Environment Interaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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