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The Impact of Fatigue on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Open accessAbstract
Although fatigue is recognized as a symptom of MS, there have been insufficient methods for evaluating this symptom. We administered the Fatigue Impact Scale to 85 MS patients and 20 hypertensive patients. Neurologic impairment, mental health, and general health status were also assessed. MS patients reported significantly higher fatigue impact than hypertensive patients. Most MS patients reported fatigue as either their worst (14%), or one of their worst (55%) symptoms. Disease classification and neurologic impairment had little bearing on Fatigue Impact Scale scores in the MS sample. The best predictive models for mental health and general health status in the MS sample both included the Fatigue Impact Scale as a significant factor. This study demonstrates that: 1) fatigue is a very prevalent and severe problem in MS, 2) fatigue impact cannot be predicted by clinical measures of neurologic impairment, 3) fatigue has a significant effect on the mental health and general health status of MS patients.
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“is often considered to be the worst symptom of disease (Fisk et al., 1994”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for depression and anxiety in persons with multiple sclerosis (2016) · cites this paper as Fisk et al., 1994
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“Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) 40 items: physical, cognitive, and social Total: 0–160 Physical: 0–40 Cognitive: 0–40 Social: 0–80 Cut-off not reported [9]”
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BackgroundFatigue, mood and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training
Dalgas, U., Stenager, E., Jakobsen, J., Petersen, T., Hansen, H. J., Knudsen, C., Overgaard, K., & Ingemann-Hansen, T. (2010) · Multiple Sclerosis · doi:10.1177/1352458509360040 · Cited by 260
“As many as 55% of all MS patients describe fatigue as one of the most severe symptoms.(7) Increased risk of depression is another complication associated with multiple sclerosis,(8) influencing daily activity.”
BackgroundRecommendations for Physical Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is related to disability, depression and quality of life
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“In recent years, many different fatigue scales have been used [6,10–12], but unlike the EDSS, there is no one international standard, so it is difficult to compare levels of iences 243 (2006) 39 – 45”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHadjimichael, O., Vollmer, T., & Oleen-Burkey, M. (2008) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-6-100 · Cited by 240
“The most reliable and valid fatigue measures, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) [4,29,30], were incorporated into the survey, along with a question designed to capture the registrants' perceptions of fatigue levels following changes from one IMA to another when that had occu…”
InfluentialQuantitative assessment of motor fatigue and strength in MS
Schwid, S. R., Thornton, C. A., Pandya, S., Manzur, K. L., Sanjak, M., Petrie, M., McDermott, M., & Goodman, A. D. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.4.743 · Cited by 240
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Minimal important differences for fatigue patient reported outcome measures—a systematic review
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“Background Fatigue is among the most frequent complaints reported by patients with chronic illnesses [1–4] and has far-ranging, often debilitating consequences on their wellbeing and physical, emotional and social functioning [5].”
Multiple sclerosis-associated fatigue
Krupp, L., Serafin, D., & Christodoulou, C. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.99 · Cited by 241
Sleep and fatigue in multiple sclerosis
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Experienced fatigue in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and HMSN-I
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Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: current understanding and future directions.
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Randomized controlled trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis
Mathiowetz, V. G., Finlayson, M. L., Matuska, K., Chen, H. Y., & Luo, P. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1198oa · Cited by 224
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Contribution of impaired mobility and general symptoms to the burden of multiple sclerosis
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Disease-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Fatigue
Powers, S. K., Lynch, G. S., Murphy, K. T., Reid, M. B., & Zijdewind, I. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000975 · Cited by 224
“(37,50), 70% of patients with multiple sclerosis define fatigue as one of their worst symptoms (39,52), and more than 70% of people with traumatic brain injury report increased levels of fatigue (15,38).”
BackgroundCohen, J. A., Reingold, S. C., Polman, C. H., & Wolinsky, J. S. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70059-5 · Cited by 233
Biological mechanisms of chronic fatigue
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“However, fatigue is associated with end organ damage caused by SLE, as well as increased load of cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI [33], although TABLE 1 Some of the most frequently used fatigue scales Name of scale References Dimensions Comments Chalder fatigue scale Chalder et al. 1993 [102] Physical fat…”
BackgroundThe effect of exercise therapy on fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Andreasen, A., Stenager, E., & Dalgas, U. (2011) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511401120 · Cited by 214
“Also, 55% of all MS patients describe it as one of their worst symptoms.(3) When fatigue is a direct consequence of MS it is termed ‘primary’ fatigue, whereas that caused by MS-related conditions such as infection, poor sleep, spasticity, pain and drug side effects is termed ‘secondary’ fatigue.”
BackgroundQuantitation of lower physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis
Ng, A. V., & Kent‐Braun, J. A. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199704000-00014 · Cited by 213
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is associated with the disruption of frontal and parietal pathways
Sepulcre, J., Masdeu, J. C., Goñi, J., Arrondo, G., de Mendizábal, N. V., Bejarano, B., & Villoslada, P. (2008) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458508098373 · Cited by 212
“Methods In this study, 60 patients with MS were evaluated with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and magnetic resonance imaging.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Relationship Between Diffuse Axonal Damage and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Tartaglia, M. C., Narayanan, S., Francis, S. J., dos Santos, A. C., Stefano, N. D., Lapierre, Y., & Arnold, D. L. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.2.201 · Cited by 207
Modafinil in treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Zifko, U., Rupp, M., Schwarz, S. C., Zipko, H. T., & Maida, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0765-6 · Cited by 203
“Seventy-five to 90 % of patients with MS report having fatigue, and 50 to 60 % describe it as the worst symptom of their disease [10, 11].”
BackgroundPiche, T., Saint-Paul, M. C., Dainese, R., Marine-Barjoan, E., Iannelli, A., Montoya, M. L., Peyron, J. F., Czerucka, D., Cherikh, F., Filippi, J., et al. (2008) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2007.127068 · Cited by 198
Fiest, K. M., Walker, J. R., Bernstein, C. N., Graff, L. A., Zarychanski, R., Abou-Setta, A. M., Patten, S. B., Sareen, J., Bolton, J. M., Marriott, J. J., et al. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2015.10.004 · Cited by 198
“Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of MS (Minden et al., 2006), and is often considered to be the worst symptom of disease (Fisk et al., 1994).”
Self-citationOutcome Measures in Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis
van Munster, C. E. P., & Uitdehaag, B. M. J. (2017) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0412-5 · Cited by 202
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Cross-sectional correlation with brain MRI findings in 71 patients
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Mohr, D. C., Likosky, W., Bertagnolli, A., Goodkin, D. E., Van Der Wende, J., Dwyer, P., & Dick, L. P. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.2.356 · Cited by 240
Evaluation of Fatigue Scales in Stroke Patients
Mead, G. E., Lynch, J., Greig, C. A., Young, A., Lewis, S. J., & Sharpe, M. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.478941 · Cited by 193
Fatigue and radiotherapy: (B) experience in patients 9 months following treatment
Smets, E. M. A., Visser, M. R. M., Willems-Groot, A., Garssen, B., Uitterhoeve, A. L. J., & de Haes, J. (1998) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1998.600 · Cited by 191
Functional relationships of central and peripheral muscle alterations in multiple sclerosis
Ng, A., Miller, R. G., Gelinas, D. F., & Kent‐Braun, J. A. (2004) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20038 · Cited by 192
The motor cortex and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Eisen, A., & Weber, M. (2001) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.1042 · Cited by 188
The nature of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Ford, H. L., Trigwell, P. J., & Johnson, M. H. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00004-x · Cited by 184
“The prevalence of fatigue is higher than the 30% previously reported by Swingler and Compston [19], but is within the range of 76–92% reported by several other investigators who have studied patients in hospital out-patient clinics [2, 7, 9].”
MethodResultEffects of Treatment for Depression on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Mohr, D. C., Hart, S. L., & Goldberg, A. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000074757.11682.96 · Cited by 183
LaChapelle, D. L., & Finlayson, M. A. J. (1998) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990598122214 · Cited by 181
DIAMOND, B., JOHNSON, S., KAUFMAN, M., & Graves, L. (2007) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.10.002 · Cited by 179
What is Fatigue? Pathological and Nonpathological Fatigue
Jason, L. A., Evans, M. A., Brown, M. M., & Porter, N. S. (2010) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.028 · Cited by 172
Prodromal symptoms of multiple sclerosis in primary care
Disanto, G., Zecca, C., MacLachlan, S., Sacco, R., Handunnetthi, L., Meier, U., Simpson, A., McDonald, L., Rossi, A., Benkert, P., et al. (2018) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25247 · Cited by 172
“Up to 80% of MS patients suffer from fatigue, and this can heavily affect their quality of life.(23,24) Fatigue also appears to be frequent since the earliest stages of the disease, including patients with CIS and RIS.”
BackgroundSkerrett, T., & Moss-Morris, R. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.018 · Cited by 186
“Around 85% of MS patients complain of fatigue [1,2], and for many, it has a profound impact on their ability to carry out day-to-day tasks and to work and socialize [3–7].”
BackgroundResultFatigue and sleep disturbance in multiple sclerosis
Kaynak, H., Altintas, A., Kaynak, D., Uyanik, Ö., Saip, S., Agaoglu, J., Önder, G., & Siva, A. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01499.x · Cited by 175
“The persistent fatigue in MS often rated by the patients as one of the most disabling symptoms and it has a great impact on the quality of life [1,2,5].”
BackgroundConstruction and validation of a fatigue impact scale for daily administration (D-FIS)
Fisk, J. D., & Doble, S. E. (2002) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015295106602 · Cited by 174
“This seemed appropriate on the basis of the overall high internal consistency of the original 40 FIS items [13, 17] and the high correlations between the subscale scores in existing data sets.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEfficacy of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis
Mathiowetz, V. G., Matuska, K., & Murphy, M. E. (2001) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.22192 · Cited by 167
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Rietberg, M. B., van Wegen, E. E. H., & Kwakkel, G. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638281003734458 · Cited by 162
“The MFIS is a shortened Dutch version of the 40item FIS [3] and assesses the perceived impact of fatigue on the subscales physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning during the past 4 weeks.”
Glanz, B. I., Degano, I. R., Rintell, D. J., Chitnis, T., Weiner, H. L., & Healy, B. C. (2012) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.07.010 · Cited by 170
“[23] Fisk JD, Pontefract A, Ritvo PG, et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A placebo-controlled, randomized trial
Cutter, N. C., Scott, D. D., Johnson, J. C., & Whiteneck, G. G. (2000) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90135-7 · Cited by 161
Aerobic Capacity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Langeskov‐Christensen, M., Heine, M., Kwakkel, G., & Dalgas, U. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0307-x · Cited by 164
Multiple sclerosis beyond EDSS: depression and fatigue.
Ziemssen, T. (2009) · Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70011-5 · Cited by 168
Genova, H. M., Rajagopalan, V., DeLuca, J., Das, A., Binder, A. S., Arjunan, A., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & Wylie, G. R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078811 · Cited by 160
“(reported in 70-90% of patients) [1,2,3].”
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis – Insights into evaluation and management
Ayache, S. S., & Chalah, M. A. (2017) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.02.004 · Cited by 163
Liepert, J., Mingers, D., Heesen, C., Bäumer, T., & Weiller, C. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1163oa · Cited by 154
Multiple Sclerosis–Related Fatigue
MacAllister, W. S., & Krupp, L. (2005) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2005.01.014 · Cited by 152
“It may also have a detrimental impact on social relationships and the ability to engage in self-care activities [7] and may generally limit the ability to perform any task that necessitates physical effort [8].”
BackgroundLongitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.
Brown, R. F., Valpiani, E. M., Tennant, C. C., Dunn, S. M., Sharrock, M., Hodgkinson, S., & Pollard, J. D. (2009) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608308x345614 · Cited by 150
Is fatigue a disease-specific or generic symptom in chronic medical conditions?
Menting, J., Tack, C. J., Bleijenberg, G., Donders, R. A. R. T., Fortuyn, H. A. D., Fransen, J., Goedendorp, M. M., Kalkman, J. S., Strik‐Albers, R., van Alfen, N., et al. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000598 · Cited by 162
Fatigue in MS is associated with specific clinical features
Colosimo, C., Millefiorini, E., Grasso, M. G., Vinci, F., Fiorelli, M., Koudriavtseva, T., & Pozzilli, C. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00145.x · Cited by 152
Genetics and pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia
Jurkat‐Rott, K., McCarthy, T. V., & Lehmann‐Horn, F. (2000) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200001)23:1 · Cited by 290
Finlayson, M. L., Preissner, K. L., Cho, C., & Plow, M. A. (2011) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511404272 · Cited by 148
“Fatigue disrupts the ability to find and maintain employment, engage in everyday activities, and participate in leisure activities.(3) Although several pharmaceutical treatments for fatigue have been studied in people with MS, findings have been modest and questions have been raised about methodological quality.”
BackgroundNeill, J., Belan, I., & Ried, K. (2006) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04054.x · Cited by 147
“1996) and most rate it among their worst symptoms (Fisk et al. 1994).”
BackgroundEffect of precooling on physical performance in multiple sclerosis
White, A. T., Wilson, T. E., Davis, S. L., & Petajan, J. H. (2000) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850000600307 · Cited by 147
Tedeschi, G., Dinacci, D., Lavorgna, L., Prinster, A., Savettieri, G., Quattrone, A., Livrea, P., Messina, C., Reggio, A., Servillo, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.004 · Cited by 145
Assessing treatment outcomes in multiple sclerosis trials and in the clinical setting
Tur, C., Moccia, M., Barkhof, F., Chataway, J., Sastre‐Garriga, J., Thompson, A. J., & Ciccarelli, O. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.171 · Cited by 146
Patejdl, R., Penner, I. K., Noack, T. K., & Zettl, U. K. (2016) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.11.005 · Cited by 141
The relationship between subjective fatigue and cognitive fatigue in advanced multiple sclerosis
Bailey, A., Channon, S., & Beaumont, J. G. (2007) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506071162 · Cited by 140
“were screened for depression, since some studies have shown a positive correlation between subjective fatigue severity and depression [1,22], although others have not [3,23,24].”
BackgroundRooney, S., Wood, L., Moffat, F., & Paul, L. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.011 · Cited by 152
“[6] Fisk JD, Pontefract A, Ritvo PG, Archibald CJ, Murray TJ.”
BackgroundInfluentialExperiencing the loss of mobility: perspectives of older adults with MS
Finlayson, M. L., & Denend, T. V. (2003) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280310001596180 · Cited by 142
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisk, J. D., Pontefract, A., Ritvo, P. G., Archibald, C. J., & Murray, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fisk, John D.
- ORCID
- Fisk, John D.
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1994-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-14
- ISSN
- 0317-1671 (ISSN-L)
- 2057-0155
- OpenAlex
- W155259919
- Cited by
- 1,025
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Dalhousie University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, fatigue, Fatigue Impact Scale, fatigue effects, mental health, health status, neurological deficit, hypertension, symptom burden, disease classification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires
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