Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence

Moilanen, Kristin L.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Maxwell, Kari L.

doi:10.1017/s0954579410000337

Cited by 439Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence

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Moilanen, Kristin L., Shaw, Daniel S., Maxwell, Kari L.·2010·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579410000337PMC PMC3168570

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Abstract

The current study was initiated to increase understanding of developmental cascades in childhood in a sample of at-risk boys (N = 291; 52% White). Mothers, teachers, and boys reported on boys' externalizing problems, internalizing difficulties, and academic competence. Consistent with hypotheses regarding school-related transitions, high levels of externalizing problems were associated with both low levels of academic competence and high levels of internalizing problems during the early school-age period, and with elevations in internalizing problems during the transition to adolescence. Low levels of academic competence were associated with high levels of internalizing problems in middle childhood, and with high levels of externalizing problems during the transition from elementary school to middle school. Shared risk factors played a minimal role in these developmental cascades. Results suggest that there are cascading effects of externalizing problems and academic competence in childhood and early adolescence, and that some cascading effects are more likely to occur during periods of school-related transitions. Implications of developmental cascade effects for research and intervention are discussed.

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High academic competence has been related to lower levels of externalizing and internalizing problems.
“high academic competence has been related to lower levels of externalizing and internalizing problems”
From The effects of physical activity interventions on psychosocial outcomes in adolescents: a meta-analytic review (2016) · cites this paper as Moilanen, Shaw, & Maxwell, 2010

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Authors: Moilanen, K. L., Shaw, D. S., & Maxwell, K. L.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
West Virginia University (US)
Corresponding author: Moilanen, Kristin L.
ORCID: Moilanen, Kristin L.
Shaw, Daniel S.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2010-06-24
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 635-653
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000337
PMC: PMC3168570
OpenAlex: W2096031281
Cited by: 439
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 11.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 01666, MH50907, R01MH050907, K02MH001666)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA025630, R01DA026222)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: developmental cascades, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, academic competence, middle childhood, early adolescence, transition to school, shared risk factors, middle school transition, transition to adolescence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Humans, Male, Personality Development, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Chi-Square Distribution, Adolescent Development, Resilience, Psychological

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Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence

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