The social withdrawal and social anxiety feedback loop and the role of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways
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Social withdrawal and social anxiety are believed to have a bidirectional influence on one another, but it is unknown if their relationship is bidirectional, especially within person, and if peer experiences influence this relationship. We investigated temporal sequencing and the strength of effects between social withdrawal and social anxiety, and the roles of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Participants were 2,772 adolescents from the population-based and clinically referred cohorts of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey. Self- and parent-reported withdrawal, and self-reported social anxiety, peer victimization, and perceived peer acceptance were assessed at 11, 13, and 16 years. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate within-person associations between these variables. There was no feedback loop between withdrawal and social anxiety. Social withdrawal did not predict social anxiety at any age. Social anxiety at 11 years predicted increased self-reported withdrawal at 13 years. Negative peer experiences predicted increased self- and parent-reported withdrawal at 13 years and increased parent-reported withdrawal at 16 years. In turn, self-reported withdrawal at 13 years predicted negative peer experiences at 16 years. In conclusion, adolescents became more withdrawn when they became more socially anxious or experienced greater peer problems, and increasing withdrawal predicted greater victimization and lower acceptance.
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Adolescents who experience peer victimisation during the first years of secondary school may develop a tendency to withdraw from social interactions.
“suggesting that adolescents who experience peer victimisation during the first years of secondary school may develop a tendency to withdraw from social interactions (Barzeva et al., 2020; Oh et al., 2008).”
From A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Barzeva et al., 2020
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“They are also more likely to be rejected or excluded by their peers, who can be reluctant to initiate interactions with adolescents who exhibit negative emotions (Barzeva et al., 2020; Bowker, Nelson, Markovic, & Luster, 2013; Oh et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPredicting peer acceptance and peer rejection for autistic children
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- Authors
- Barzeva, S. A., Richards, J. S., Meeus, W. H. J., & Oldehinkel, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Barzeva, Stefania A.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-10-31
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1402-1417
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2988094235
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (453-12-003)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- social withdrawal, social anxiety, peer victimization, peer acceptance, bidirectional relationship, within-person associations, adolescents, peer problems, developmental pathways
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Feedback, Humans, Peer Group, Social Isolation, Crime Victims, Bullying
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