The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

Lourenço, M.; Ramos-Morales, E.; Wallace, R.J.

doi:10.1017/s175173111000042x

Cited by 401Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyFatty Acid Research and HealthMeat and Animal Product Quality

The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

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Lourenço, M., Ramos-Morales, E., Wallace, R.J.·2010·animal

DOI 10.1017/s175173111000042x

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Abstract

Despite the fact that the ruminant diet is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ruminant products - meat, milk and dairy - contain mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA) because of bacterial lipolysis and subsequent biohydrogenation of ingested PUFA in the rumen. The link between SFA consumption by man and coronary heart disease is well established. In contrast, ruminant products also contain fatty acids that are known to be beneficial to human health, namely conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). The aims of research in this field have been to understand the microbial ecology of lipolysis and biohydrogenation and to find ways of manipulating ruminal microbes to increase the flow of PUFA and CLA from the rumen into meat and milk. This review describes our present understanding of the microbial ecology of ruminal lipid metabolism, including some apparently anomalous and paradoxical observations, and the status of how the metabolism may be manipulated and the possible consequential effects on other aspects of ruminal digestion. Intuitively, it may appear that inhibiting the ruminal lipase would cause more dietary PUFA to reach the mammary gland. However, lipolysis releases the non-esterified fatty acids that form the substrates for biohydrogenation, but which can, if they accumulate, inhibit the whole process. Thus, increasing lipase activity could be beneficial if the increased release of non-esterified PUFA inhibited the metabolism of CLA. Rumen ciliate protozoa do not carry out biohydrogenation, yet protozoal lipids are much more highly enriched in CLA than bacterial lipids. How could this happen if protozoa do not metabolise PUFA? The answer seems to lie in the ingestion of plant organelles, particularly chloroplasts, and the partial metabolism of the fatty acids by contaminating bacteria. Bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are by far the most active and numerous biohydrogenating bacteria isolated from the rumen. But do we misunderstand the role of different bacterial species in biohydrogenation because there are uncultivated species that we need to understand and include in the analysis? Manipulation methods include dietary vegetable and fish oils and plant-derived chemicals. Their usefulness, efficacy and possible effects on fatty acid metabolism and on ruminal microorganisms and other areas of their metabolism are described, and areas of opportunity identified.

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Dietary lipids are usually enriched in PUFA, which can make complexes with bacterial cell walls and are considered toxic to gram-positive bacteria in the rumen.
“These dietary lipids are usually enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (121), which can make complexes with bacterial cell walls and are considered toxic to gram-positive bacteria in the rumen (122).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [121]
The Introduction and “Manipulating ruminal biohydrogenation” sections report that PUFA can be toxic to rumen microorganisms, particularly biohydrogenating bacteria. The passages do not say that PUFA form complexes with bacterial cell walls or specify toxicity to gram-positive bacteria. The dietary-PUFA statement is attached to a different citation (121). (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Rumen microbiota can detoxify unsaturated FA through the biohydrogenation process to reduce/eliminate the adverse effects on rumen fermentation.
“However, rumen microbiota can detoxify unsaturated FA through the biohydrogenation process to reduce/eliminate the adverse effects on rumen fermentation (121, 124).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [121]
The Introduction states that ruminal microorganisms biohydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids. The section on interdependence with ruminal metabolism says long-chain unsaturated fatty acids inhibit cellulolytic bacteria and cautions against inhibiting biohydrogenation. These passages support the proposed protective role, but do not establish that biohydrogenation reduces or eliminates adverse effects on rumen fermentation. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Authors: Lourenço, M., Ramos-Morales, E., & Wallace, R. J.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
University of Aberdeen (GB)
Corresponding author: Wallace, R.J.
ORCID: Lourenço, M.
Wallace, R.J.
Venue: animal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010
Volume: 4
Issue: 7
Pages: 1008-1023
ISSN: 1751-7311 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1017/s175173111000042x
OpenAlex: W2097912578
Cited by: 401
References: 191
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 42.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 3962 d)
Locations: animal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Scottish Government
Universiteit Gent
Vlaamse regering
Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
Keywords: biohydrogenation, rumen microbiota, polyunsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, rumen ciliates, rumen protozoa, free fatty acids, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, dietary vegetable oils, fish oil, plant-derived chemicals, ruminant products, saturated fatty acids, coronary artery disease

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The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

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