Tissue Distribution and Whole Body Burden of the Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acid F-53B in Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius): Evidence for a Highly Bioaccumulative Contaminant of Emerging Concern
Open accessAbstract
Following the global actions to phase out perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) a large number of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, with poorly defined hazard properties, are being used in increasing quantities. Here, we report on the first detection of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid F-53B in biological samples and determine the tissue distribution and whole body bioaccumulation factors (BAFwhole body) in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Analysis of fish samples from Xiaoqing River (XR) and Tangxun Lake (TL) demonstrated a similar level of F-53B contamination with median concentrations in blood of 41.9 and 20.9 ng/g, respectively. Tissue/blood ratios showed that distribution of F-53B primarily occurs to the kidney (TL: 0.48, XR: 0.54), gonad (TL: 0.36, XR: 0.54), liver (TL: 0.38, XR: 0.53), and heart (TL: 0.47, XR: 0.47). Median Log BAFwhole body values for F-53B (XR: 4.124, TL: 4.322) exceeded regulatory bioaccumulation criterion and were significantly higher than those of PFOS in the same data sets (XR: 3.430, TL: 3.279). On the basis of its apparent omnipresence and strong bioaccumulation propensity, it is hypothesized that F-53B could explain a significant fraction of previously unidentified organofluorine in biological samples from China, and regulatory actions for this compound are encouraged.
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Other sulfonated ether acids, such as F-53B, have shown equivalent bioaccumulation potential as the regulated perfluorinated sulfonic acid PFOS.
“Further, other sulfonated ether acids, such as F-53B, have shown equivalent bioaccumulation potential as the regulated perfluorinated sulfonic acid PFOS.(70,71)”
From Identification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Cape Fear River by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Nontargeted Screening (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
6:2 Cl-PFESA is a principal component of F-53B, has been used in the Chinese chrome-plating industry for about 30 years, and has been detected in wastewater, fish, human serum, and human placenta.
“This compound, which is a principal component of F-53B, has been used in the Chinese chrome-plating industry for about 30 years 63 and has been detected in wastewater, 64 fish, 65 human serum, 66 and even human placenta.”
From Non-Target and Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter in China (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
F-53B is used as a PFOS alternative for mist suppression in metal plating applications used in China and has recently been detected in Chinese WWTPs and the environment.
“F–53B is used as a PFOS alternative for mist suppression in metal plating applications used in China that has recently been detected in Chinese WWTPs and the environment [19, 24, 25].”
From An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Shi, Y., Vestergren, R., Zhou, Z., Song, X., Xu, L., Liang, Y., & Cai, Y.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Jianghan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Yaqi
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-11-24
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 14156-14165
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2242436007
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 11.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ir.rcees.ac.cn
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB14010201)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2015CB931903)
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (2014-514)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21321004, 21377145, 21537004)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- F-53B, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFOS alternatives, bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, crucian carp, emerging contaminants, fish contamination, Xiaoqing River
- MeSH terms
- Alkanesulfonates, Animals, Body Burden, Carps, China, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Female, Male, Tissue Distribution, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Rivers, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Lakes
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