The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Open accessAbstract
Drinking water contamination with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) poses risks to the developmental, immune, metabolic, and endocrine health of consumers. We present a spatial analysis of 2013-2015 national drinking water PFAS concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) program. The number of industrial sites that manufacture or use these compounds, the number of military fire training areas, and the number of wastewater treatment plants are all significant predictors of PFAS detection frequencies and concentrations in public water supplies. Among samples with detectable PFAS levels, each additional military site within a watershed's eight-digit hydrologic unit is associated with a 20% increase in PFHxS, a 10% increase in both PFHpA and PFOA, and a 35% increase in PFOS. The number of civilian airports with personnel trained in the use of aqueous film-forming foams is significantly associated with the detection of PFASs above the minimal reporting level. We find drinking water supplies for 6 million U.S. residents exceed US EPA's lifetime health advisory (70 ng/L) for PFOS and PFOA. Lower analytical reporting limits and additional sampling of smaller utilities serving <10000 individuals and private wells would greatly assist in further identifying PFAS contamination sources.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, the majority of PFAS occurrence studies have focused on urbanized regions with known point sources, 10 highlighting the need for monitoring efforts in rural or lesscharacterized areas.”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have reported industrial influences on the contamination of groundwater with PFAS [10,38,39,51].”
From Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This type of observed sulfonate signature, especially high concentrations of PFHxS and PFOS, can be characteristic of historic AFFF use.”
In the citing paper
“Drinking water contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is widespread near more than 300 United States (U.S.) military bases that used aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for fire training and firefighting activities.”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Military sites contaminated by AFFF manufactured by 3M are distinguishable by high PFOS concentrations in groundwater and downgradient drinking water sources (Figure 1a,b).2,21”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“PFAS sources are widespread,5,9,10”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“PFAS and pharmaceuticals, however, are known to co-occur in sources associated with human-waste disposal (e.g., septic-system/landfill leachate and wastewater treatment plants).10,54−56”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Similar spatial relations have been observed in other regional studies.10”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Most PFAS are recalcitrant through conventional water treatment processes and, therefore, wastewater effluents can contain PFAS that has originated from domestic and industrial sources [11, 12].”
From An investigation into per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nineteen Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A new look at the statistical model identification
Akaike, H. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705 · Cited by 51,879
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641
GeoDa : An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis
Anselin, L., Syabri, I., & Kho, Y. (2005) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.0016-7363.2005.00671.x · Cited by 2,666
Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents
(2001) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/004051750107100823 · Cited by 1,376
Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil
Houtz, E. F., Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4018877 · Cited by 849
Self-citationBarry, V., Winquist, A. G., & Steenland, K. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1306615 · Cited by 824
Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Children Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds
Grandjean, P., Andersen, E. W., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., Nielsen, F., Mølbak, K., Weihe, P., & Heilmann, C. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.2034 · Cited by 809
Self-citationWang, Z., Cousins, I. T., Scheringer, M., Buck, R. C., & Hungerbühler, K. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.013 · Cited by 735
Post, G. B., Cohn, P. D., & Cooper, K. R. (2012) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.007 · Cited by 639
Mass Loading and Fate of Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Sinclair, E., & Kannan, K. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es051798v · Cited by 547
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- DuPont., 2003, DuPont Telomer Manufacturing Sites: Environmental Assessment of PFOA Levels in Air and Water
- EU., 2013, EU Environmental Quality Standards
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,002
Harrison, E. E., & Waters, M. L. (2022) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d2sc05685b · Cited by 75
Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review
Rosen, E. M., Muñoz, M. I., McElrath, T., Cantonwine, D. E., & Ferguson, K. K. (2018) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B · doi:10.1080/10937404.2018.1554515 · Cited by 74
Gobelius, L., Persson, C., Wiberg, K., & Ahrens, L. (2019) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.005 · Cited by 74
Xiao, C. S., Grandjean, P., Valvi, D., Nielsen, F., Jensen, T. K., Weihe, P., & Oulhote, Y. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz147 · Cited by 74
Self-citationSteigerwald, J. M., & Ray, J. R. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100025 · Cited by 74
Choudhary, A. V., Dong, D., Tsianou, M., Alexandridis, P., & Bedrov, D. (2022) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00168 · Cited by 74
Guo, W., Tao, H., Tao, H., Qin, S., & Huang, L. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341953 · Cited by 74
Xu, Y., Mlakar, S. J., Li, Y., Wahlberg, K. E., Scott, K., Pineda, D., Lindh, C. H., Jakobsson, K., & Engström, K. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105446 · Cited by 74
Guelfo, J. L., Marlow, T., Klein, D. M., Savitz, D. A., Frickel, S., Crimi, M., & Suuberg, E. M. (2018) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp2727 · Cited by 73
Tributary Loading and Sediment Desorption as Sources of PFAS to Receiving Waters
Balgooyen, S., & Remucal, C. K. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00348 · Cited by 73
Chohan, A., Petaway, H., Rivera-Diaz, V., Day, A., Colaianni, O., & Keramati, M. (2020) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0049 · Cited by 73
He, Y., Luo, D., Lynch, V. M., Ahmed, M., Sessler, J. L., & Chi, X. (2022) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.004 · Cited by 73
Dasgupta, S., Reddam, A., Liu, Z., Liu, J., & Volz, D. C. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113550 · Cited by 71
Coupled high and low-frequency ultrasound remediation of PFAS-contaminated soils
Kewalramani, J. A., Wang, B., Marsh, R. W., Meegoda, J. N., & Rodríguez-Freire, L. (2022) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106063 · Cited by 71
Role of Mineral–Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil
Wanzek, T. A., Stults, J. F., Johnson, M. G., Field, J. A., & Kleber, M. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c08806 · Cited by 71
Honda, M., Robinson, M., & Kannan, K. (2018) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en17192 · Cited by 71
Losses of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances to syringe filter materials
Sörengård, M., Franke, V., Tröger, R., & Ahrens, L. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460430 · Cited by 70
Release of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from finished biosolids in soil mesocosms
Schaefer, C. E., Hooper, J., Gharehveran, M. M., Drennan, D. M., Beecher, N., & Lee, L. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118405 · Cited by 70
Rodgers, K. M., Swartz, C. H., Occhialini, J., Bassignani, P., McCurdy, M., & Schaider, L. A. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c05175 · Cited by 70
Self-citationYin, T., Trần, N. H., Chen, H., He, Y., & Gin, K. Y. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.227 · Cited by 69
Ríos-Bonilla, K. M., Aga, D. S., Lee, J., König, M., Qin, W., Cristobal, J. R., Atilla‐Gokcumen, G. E., & Escher, B. I. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c06017 · Cited by 69
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA): Environmental Sources, Chemistry, Toxicology, and Potential Risks
Teaf, C. M., Garber, M. M., Covert, D. J., & Tuovila, B. J. (2019) · Soil and Sediment Contamination An International Journal · doi:10.1080/15320383.2018.1562420 · Cited by 69
Chou, W., & Lin, Z. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105581 · Cited by 69
Wang, J., Pan, Y., Wei, X., & Dai, J. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c01877 · Cited by 68
Garnett, J., Halsall, C. J., Winton, V. H. L., Joerss, H., Mulvaney, R., Ebinghaus, R., Frey, M. M., Jones, A. E., Leeson, A. A., & Wynn, P. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c02592 · Cited by 68
PFAS adsorbent selection: The role of adsorbent use rate, water quality, and cost
Murray, C. C., Safulko, A., Vatankhah, H., Liu, C. J., Tajdini, B., Marshall, R. E., & Bellona, C. L. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131481 · Cited by 68
Kolpin, D. W., Hubbard, L. E., Cwiertny, D. M., Meppelink, S. M., Thompson, D. A., & Gray, J. L. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00750 · Cited by 67
Schlezinger, J. J., Hyötyläinen, T., Sinioja, T., Boston, C. M., Puckett, H. M., Oliver, J., Heiger‐Bernays, W., & Webster, T. F. (2021) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115644 · Cited by 68
Monitored Natural Attenuation to Manage PFAS Impacts to Groundwater: Scientific Basis
Newell, C. J., Adamson, D. T., Kulkarni, P. R., Nzeribe, B. N., Connor, J. A., Popovic, J., & Stroo, H. F. (2021) · Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation · doi:10.1111/gwmr.12486 · Cited by 67
Lei, X., Lian, Q., Zhang, X., Wang, T., Gee, M., Holmes, W. E., Jin, S., Ponnusamy, S. K., Gang, D. D., & Zappi, M. E. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136379 · Cited by 66
Liu, D., Yan, S., Wang, P., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Cui, J., Liang, Y., Ren, S., & Gao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1103141 · Cited by 67
Holder, C., DeLuca, N. M., Luh, J., Alexander, P., Minucci, J. M., Vallero, D. A., Thomas, K., & Hubal, E. A. C. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c07185 · Cited by 66
Song, C., Zheng, J., Zhang, Q., Yuan, H., Yu, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, S., & Ouyang, G. (2023) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01137 · Cited by 66
Kim, J., Xin, X., Hawkins, G. L., Huang, Q., & Huang, C. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00541 · Cited by 68
Occurrence and transport behaviors of perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water distribution systems
Chen, R., Li, G., Yu, Y., Ma, X., Zhuang, Y., Tao, H., & Shi, B. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134162 · Cited by 66
Getzinger, G. J., Higgins, C. P., & Ferguson, P. L. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04109 · Cited by 66
Self-citationDey, D., Shafi, T., Chowdhury, S., Dubey, B. K., & Sen, R. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141164 · Cited by 65
Retention of PFOS and PFOA Mixtures by Trapped Gas Bubbles in Porous Media
Abraham, J. E. F., Mumford, K. G., Patch, D. J., & Weber, K. P. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c00882 · Cited by 65
Cserbik, D., Redondo‐Hasselerharm, P. E., Farré, M. J., Sanchís, J., Bartolomé, A., Paraian, A., Herrera, E. M., Caixach, J., Villanueva, C. M., & Flores, C. (2023) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-023-00236-y · Cited by 65
Hall, S., Zhang, S., Tait, G. H., Hoffman, K., Collier, D. N., Hoppin, J. A., & Stapleton, H. M. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165091 · Cited by 65
A Critical Review of PFAS Analysis, Occurrence, and Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Liu, J. X., & Charbonnet, J. A. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c09949 · Cited by 69
Gómez-Ruiz, B., Diban, N., & Urtiaga, A. M. (2018) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.044 · Cited by 65
Pachkowski, B. F., Post, G. B., & Stern, A. H. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.004 · Cited by 65
Bradley, P. M., Kolpin, D. W., Romanok, K. M., Smalling, K. L., Focazio, M. J., Brown, J. B., Cardon, M. C., Carpenter, K. D., Corsi, S. R., DeCicco, L., et al. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04622 · Cited by 65
Self-citationGlobal Biogeochemical Cycle of Fluorine
Schlesinger, W. H., Klein, E. M., & Vengosh, A. (2020) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2020gb006722 · Cited by 64
Winchell, L. J., Wells, M. J. M., Ross, J. J., Fonoll, X., Norton, J., Kuplicki, S., Khan, M., & Bell, K. Y. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001943 · Cited by 64
Ding, N., Karvonen-Gutierrez, C. A., Mukherjee, B., Calafat, A. M., Harlow, S. D., & Park, S. K. (2022) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18809 · Cited by 64
Soker, O., Hao, S., Trewyn, B. G., Higgins, C. P., & Strathmann, T. J. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00161 · Cited by 64
Self-citationAntell, E. H., Yi, S., Olivares, C. I., Ruyle, B. J., Kim, J. T., Tsou, K., Dixit, F., Alvarez‐Cohen, L., & Sedlak, D. L. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00106 · Cited by 65
Reddy, C. V., Kumar, R., Chakrabortty, P., Karmakar, B., Pottipati, S., Kundu, A., & Jeon, B. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.152272 · Cited by 64
Soltanighias, T., Umar, A. Y., Abdullahi, M., Abdallah, M. A., & Orsini, L. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125133 · Cited by 64
Hu, X. C., Ge, B., Ruyle, B. J., Sun, J., & Sunderland, E. M. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00264 · Cited by 63
Self-citationThe Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease
Zhang, X., Flaws, J. A., Spinella, M. J., & Irudayaraj, J. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11010032 · Cited by 63
George, S., & Dixit, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113359 · Cited by 63
Quant, M. I., Willstrand, O., Mallin, T., & Hynynen, J. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c08581 · Cited by 63
Carbon nanotube as a nanoreactor for efficient degradation of 3-aminophenol over CoOx/CNT catalyst
Chen, F., Hao, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Huang, D., & Liu, X. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136912 · Cited by 63
Stretchable and durable superhydrophobicity that acts both in air and under oil
Rather, A. M., & Manna, U. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c7ta04073c · Cited by 63
Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Occurrence, Fate, and Remediation
Nawaz, T., & Sengupta, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814790-0.00004-1 · Cited by 63
Shin, H., Bennett, D. H., Calafat, A. M., Tancredi, D. J., & Hertz‐Picciotto, I. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109514 · Cited by 62
Li, Y., Lu, X., Yu, N., Li, A., Zhuang, T., Du, L., Tang, S., Shi, W. F., Yu, H., Song, M., et al. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106627 · Cited by 62
Lin, P. D., Cárdenas, A., Hauser, R. B., Gold, D. R., Kleinman, K., Hivert, M., Calafat, A. M., Webster, T. F., Horton, E. S., & Oken, E. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106789 · Cited by 62
Goodrich, J. M., Calkins, M. M., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Stueckle, T. A., Grant, C. C., Calafat, A. M., Nematollahi, A., Jung, A. M., Graber, J. M., Jenkins, T. G., et al. (2021) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2021-0225 · Cited by 62
Granular activated carbon adsorption of perfluoroalkyl acids from ground and surface water
Kempisty, D. M., Arevalo, E., Spinelli, A. M., Edeback, V., Dickenson, E., Husted, C., Higgins, C. P., Summers, R. S., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2022) · AWWA Water Science · doi:10.1002/aws2.1269 · Cited by 62
Self-citationCalvert, L., Green, M. P., Iuliis, G. N. D., Dun, M. D., Turner, B. D., Clarke, B. O., Eamens, A. L., Roman, S. D., & Nixon, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.799043 · Cited by 62
Polymer Supported Carbon for Safe and Effective Remediation of PFOA- and PFOS-Contaminated Water
Lundquist, N. A., Sweetman, M. J., Scroggie, K. R., Worthington, M. J. H., Esdaile, L. J., Alboaiji, S. F. K., Plush, S. E., Hayball, J. D., & Chalker, J. M. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01793 · Cited by 62
Lin, P. D., Cárdenas, A., Hauser, R. B., Gold, D. R., Kleinman, K., Hivert, M., Fleisch, A. F., Calafat, A. M., Sánchez-Guerra, M., Osorio-Yáñez, C., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105217 · Cited by 62
Internet of Things in Water Management and Treatment
Salam, A. (2019) · Internet of things · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35291-2_9 · Cited by 61
Roostaei, J., Colley, S., Mulhern, R., May, A. A., & Gibson, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125075 · Cited by 61
Dietary predictors of prenatal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure
Eick, S. M., Goin, D. E., Trowbridge, J., Cushing, L. J., Smith, S. C., Park, J.-S., DeMicco, E., Padula, A. M., Woodruff, T. J., & Morello-Frosch, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00386-6 · Cited by 61
Herkert, N. J., Kassotis, C. D., Zhang, S., Han, Y., Pulikkal, V. F., Sun, M., Ferguson, P. L., & Stapleton, H. M. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06990 · Cited by 61
Fernández-López, C., Posada-Baquero, R., & Calvo, J. J. O. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157007 · Cited by 61
Ingelido, A. M., Abballe, A., Gemma, S., Dellatte, E., Iacovella, N., Angelis, G. D., Marra, V., Russo, F., Vazzoler, M., Testai, E., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105435 · Cited by 61
Bangma, J., Szilagyi, J. T., Blake, B. E., Plazas, C., Kepper, S. L., Fenton, S. E., & Fry, R. C. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.23004 · Cited by 61
Ali, A., Higgins, C. P., Alarif, W. M., Al-Lihaibi, S. S., Ghandourah, M. A., & Kallenborn, R. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09897-5 · Cited by 60
Self-citationKhan, M. F. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13072017 · Cited by 61
Rodríguez‐Jorquera, I. A., Collí‐Dulá, R. C., Kroll, K. J., Jayasinghe, B. S., Marcó, M. V. P., Silva-Sánchez, C., Toor, G. S., & Denslow, N. D. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b03603 · Cited by 60
Contamination profiles and health risks of PFASs in groundwater of the Maozhou River basin
Li, B., Hu, L., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Liu, C., & Ying, G. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113996 · Cited by 60
Liu, C., Hatton, J. W., Arnold, W. A., Simcik, M. F., & Pennell, K. D. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00155 · Cited by 60
Li, N., Liu, Y., Papandonatos, G. D., Calafat, A. M., Eaton, C. B., Kelsey, K. T., Cecil, K. M., Kalkwarf, H. J., Yolton, K. A., Lanphear, B. P., et al. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106344 · Cited by 60
Shojaei, M., Kumar, N., Chaobol, S., Wu, K., Crimi, M. L., & Guelfo, J. L. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c08069 · Cited by 60
Margolis, R., & Sant, K. E. (2021) · Journal of Xenobiotics · doi:10.3390/jox11030008 · Cited by 59
Association between gestational PFAS exposure and Children's adiposity in a diverse population
Bloom, M. S., Commodore, S., Ferguson, P. L., Neelon, B., Pearce, J. L., Baumer, A., Newman, R., Grobman, W. A., Tita, A., Roberts, J. R., et al. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111820 · Cited by 59
Vo, H. N. P., Buckley, T., Xu, X., Nguyen, T. M. H., Rudolph, V., & Shukla, P. R. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136869 · Cited by 59
McDonnell, C., Albarghouthi, F. M., Selhorst, R. C., Kelley‐Loughnane, N., Franklin, A. D., & Rao, R. S. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07134 · Cited by 59
Issues raised by the reference doses for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid
Dong, Z., Bahar, M. M., Jit, J., Kennedy, B. H., Priestly, B. G., Ng, J. C., Lamb, D., Liu, Y., Duan, L., & Naidu, R. (2017) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.006 · Cited by 59
Qu, Y., Jiang, X., Cagnetta, G., Liu, L., Bao, Y., Li, W., Wang, Q., Liang, C., Huang, J. G., Yang, H., et al. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133949 · Cited by 59
Rivero, M. J., Ribao, P., Gómez-Ruiz, B., Urtiaga, A. M., & Ortíz, I. (2020) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116637 · Cited by 59
Scheitlin, C. G., Dasu, K., Rosansky, S. H., Dejarme, L. E., Siriwardena, D. P., Thorn, J. R., Mullins, L. A., Haggerty, I., Shqau, K., & Stowe, J. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00548 · Cited by 58
Zhang, X., Wang, S., Zhu, X., Zhu, D., Wang, W., Wang, B., Deng, S., & Yu, G. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141942 · Cited by 58
Ruyle, B. J., Pennoyer, E. H., Vojta, Š., Bečanová, J., Islam, M., Webster, T. F., Heiger‐Bernays, W., Lohmann, R., Westerhoff, P. K., Schaefer, C. E., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2417156122 · Cited by 58
Self-citationChallis, J. K., Cuscito, L. D., Joudan, S., Luong, K. H., Knapp, C. W., Hanson, M. L., & Wong, C. S. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.128 · Cited by 58
Bridging the gap between laboratory and application in photocatalytic water purification
Odling, G., & Robertson, N. (2019) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c8cy02438c · Cited by 58
Schaefer, C. E., Nguyen, D. N., Ho, P., Im, J., & LeBlanc, A. (2019) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00858 · Cited by 58
Tröger, R., Köhler, S. J., Franke, V., Bergstedt, O., & Wiberg, K. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135680 · Cited by 58
Kirkwood‐Donelson, K. I., Fleming, J. F., Nguyen, H., Reif, D. M., Baker, E. S., & Belcher, S. M. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06483 · Cited by 58
Chiu, W. A., Lynch, M. T., Lay, C. R., Antezana, A., Malek, P., Sokolinski, S., & Rogers, R. D. (2022) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp10103 · Cited by 57
Nguyen, H. T., McLachlan, M. S., Tscharke, B. J., Thai, P. K., Bräunig, J., Kaserzon, S., O'Brien, J. W., & Mueller, J. F. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133657 · Cited by 57
European cooperation to tackle the legacies of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and lindane
Vijgen, J., Fokke, B., van de Coterlet, G., Amstaetter, K., Sancho, J., Bensaïah, C., & Weber, R. (2022) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2022.01.003 · Cited by 57
Erkal, T. S., Shamsuddin, N., Kırmızıaltın, S., & Yazaydın, A. Ö. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07737 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., Higgins, C. P., & Sunderland, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Environmental Working Group , ,
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Silent Spring Institute (US)
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control , 1001 I Street , , , (Formerly at the Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California 94705, United States)
- Colorado School of Mines (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Xindi C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-08-09
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 344-350
- ISSN
- 2328-8930 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5062567
- OpenAlex
- W2497102241
- Cited by
- 1,333
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 171 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 45.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42 ES004705)
- Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation (NA)
- Superfund Research Center, University of California (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- PFAS, perfluorinated compounds, drinking water contamination, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHxS, PFHpA, industrial site, wastewater treatment plants, aqueous film-forming foam, airports, spatial analysis, hydrologic units, public water supply
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
