Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014
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This contribution is a completely updated and expanded version of the four prior analogous reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, 2007, and 2012. In the case of all approved therapeutic agents, the time frame has been extended to cover the 34 years from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2014, for all diseases worldwide, and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to December 2014 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. As mentioned in the 2012 review, we have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a “natural product mimic”, or “NM”, to join the original primary divisions and the designation “natural product botanical”, or “NB”, to cover those botanical “defined mixtures” now recognized as drug entities by the U.S. FDA (and similar organizations). From the data presented in this review, the utilization of natural products and/or their novel structures, in order to discover and develop the final drug entity, is still alive and well. For example, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to the end of 2014, of the 175 small molecules approved, 131, or 75%, are other than “S” (synthetic), with 85, or 49%, actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked, with, as expected from prior information, the anti-infective area being dependent on natural products and their structures. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the “host from whence it was isolated”, and therefore it is considered that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.
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More than half of all drugs are based on bioactive natural products.
“Approximately 80% of the approved chemotherapeutic drugs [13], and more than half of all drugs are based on bioactive natural products [14].”
From Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Plant products have been used as traditional medicines and as a major resource for drug discovery.
“Plant products have been used as traditional medicines and as a major resource for drug discovery12,13.”
From Chiloscyphenol A derived from Chinese liverworts exerts fungicidal action by eliciting both mitochondrial dysfunction and plasma membrane destruction (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Natural Products
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-02-07
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 629-661
- ISSN
- 0163-3864 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6025
- OpenAlex
- W2256742438
- Cited by
- 5,858
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 240 · 2025: 329 · 2024: 469 · 2023: 510 · 2022: 557 · 2021: 702 · 2020: 844 · 2019: 830 · 2018: 741 · 2017: 447 · 2016: 171 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 83.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Natural Products (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioactive natural compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- natural products, drug discovery, drug approval, anticancer agents, anti-infective agents, microbial natural products, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Biological Products, Humans, Molecular Structure, Drug Discovery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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