Cyanobacteria: Promising biocatalysts for sustainable chemical production
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into fuels, chemicals, and other value-added products. Introduction of just a few heterologous genes can endow cyanobacteria with the ability to transform specific central metabolites into many end products. Recent engineering efforts have centered around harnessing the potential of these microbial biofactories for sustainable production of chemicals conventionally produced from fossil fuels. Here, we present an overview of the unique chemistry that cyanobacteria have been co-opted to perform. We highlight key lessons learned from these engineering efforts and discuss advantages and disadvantages of various approaches.
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Native regulatory networks resist carbon flux redirection.
“native regulatory networks resist carbon flux redirection”
From Cyanobacteria as a Photosynthetic Chassis for Metabolic Pathway Engineering with Heterologous Gene Expression (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The Fatty acyl-ACP-derived products section says the fatty-acid synthesis pathway is tightly feedback-regulated and that relieving this inhibition helps production. The General comments section also identifies partitioning carbon flux between biomass and chemicals as a challenge. These support a specific regulatory obstacle, but not the broader assertion that native regulatory networks generally resist carbon-flux redirection; the Metabolic flux analysis section also describes substantial metabolic plasticity in engineered cyanobacteria. The indexed passages do not provide page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCultivation constraints-including light attenuation in dense cultures and mismatches between photosynthetic ATP/NADPH supply and heterologous pathway demand-limit achievable yields.
“cultivation constraints—including light attenuation in dense cultures and mismatches between photosynthetic ATP/NADPH supply and heterologous pathway demand—further limit achievable yields.”
From Cyanobacteria as a Photosynthetic Chassis for Metabolic Pathway Engineering with Heterologous Gene Expression (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The General comments on metabolic engineering section (page not specified) says photosynthesis supplies NADPH rather than NADH, which can make NADH-dependent reactions rate-limiting. The Pyruvate- and DHAP-derived products section also reports improved titers when enzymes were changed to use NADPH. These passages support a cofactor mismatch limiting production, but our copy does not establish light attenuation in dense cultures or a mismatch between ATP/NADPH supply and pathway demand specifically. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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“…barriers within native metabolic networks, the metabolic burden imposed by multi-gene pathway expression, and the energetic demands associated with photosynthetic processes and potential limitations in photosynthetic efficiency under laboratory or industrial cultivation conditions [19,32].”
- Authors
- Knoot, C. J., Ungerer, J., Wangikar, P. P., & Pakrasi, H. B.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Pakrasi, Himadri B.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5044-5052
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5892586
- OpenAlex
- W2761441559
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (SC0012722)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- cyanobacteria, biocatalysis, heterologous expression, sustainable chemical production, biofuels, metabolic engineering, fossil fuel substitution
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Biological Products, Industrial Microbiology, Photosynthesis, Biocatalysis, Biofuels, Metabolic Engineering, Metabolic Flux Analysis
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