Building Blocks for High Performance in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Materials, Optimization Strategies, and Device Engineering
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In recent years, screening of materials has yielded large gains in catalytic performance for the electroreduction of CO2. However, the diversity of approaches and a still immature mechanistic understanding make it challenging to assess the real potential of each concept. In addition, achieving high performance in CO2 (photo)electrolyzers requires not only favorable electrokinetics but also precise device engineering. In this Perspective, we analyze a broad set of literature reports to construct a set of design–performance maps that suggest patterns between performance figures and different classes of materials and optimization strategies. These maps facilitate the screening of different approaches to electrocatalyst design and the identification of promising avenues for future developments. At the device level, analysis of the network of limiting phenomena in (photo)electrochemical cells leads us to propose a straightforward performance metric based on the concepts of maximum energy efficiency and maximum product formation rate, enabling the comparison of different technologies.
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Garcia de Arquer et al. demonstrated a 2D Bi-based catalyst derived from a BiOBr template for highly selective (>90% FE) and stable CO2 reduction at 200 mA/cm2.
“Recently, Garcia de Arquer et al. demonstrated a 2D Bi-based catalyst derived from a BiOBr template for highly selective (>90% FE) and stable CO2 reduction at 200 mA/cm 2 .[71]”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
In situ GIWAXS and XAS studies reveal preferential exposure of highly active Bi (110) facets in the oxyhalide-derived catalyst are the source of high selectivity.
“In situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies reveal the preferential exposure of highly active Bi (11 ̅ 0) facets in this oxyhalide-derived catalyst are the source of the high selectivity.”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Liu, M.; Pang, Y.; Zhang, B.; De Luna, P.; Voznyy, O.; Xu, J.; Zheng, X.; Dinh, C. T.; Fan, F.; Cao, C.; et al. Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction via Field-Induced Reagent Concen- tration. Nature 2016, 537, 382-386.
- Haynes, W. M., Ed.; CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL., 2016; pp 5-71.
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- Authors
- Larrazábal, G. O., Martín, A. J., & Pérez-Ramírez, J.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, , , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , ,
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-08-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 3933-3944
- ISSN
- 1948-7185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2740275019
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (732840)
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH-01 14-1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Keywords
- electrochemical CO2 reduction, electrocatalyst design, materials screening, optimization methods, device engineering, photoelectrochemical cells, product formation rate, performance indicators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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