Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene
Open accessAbstract
There is an urgent need to develop technologies that use renewable energy to convert waste products such as carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels. Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to hydrocarbons over copper catalysts, although higher efficiency is required. We have developed oxidized copper catalysts displaying lower overpotentials for carbon dioxide electroreduction and record selectivity towards ethylene (60%) through facile and tunable plasma treatments. Herein we provide insight into the improved performance of these catalysts by combining electrochemical measurements with microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy show that copper oxides are surprisingly resistant to reduction and copper + species remain on the surface during the reaction. Our results demonstrate that the roughness of oxide-derived copper catalysts plays only a partial role in determining the catalytic performance, while the presence of copper + is key for lowering the onset potential and enhancing ethylene selectivity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Jia et al. reported an electrodeposited Cu-Au alloy (Cu63.9Au36.1), which exhibited an alcohol selectivity of 28% in contrast to 5% on the bulk Cu catalyst.
“Jia et al. reported an electrodeposited Cu-Au alloy (Cu63.9Au36.1),which exhibited an alcohol selectivity of 28% in contrast to 5% on the bulk Cu catalyst.[116]”
From Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design (2019) · cites this paper as [116]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
How copper catalyzes the electroreduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels
Peterson, A. A., Abild-Pedersen, F., Studt, F., Rossmeisl, J., & Nørskov, J. K. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00071j · Cited by 3,784 · see citing works
New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces
Kuhl, K. P., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., & Jaramillo, T. F. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21234j · Cited by 3,160 · see citing works
Catalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Kortlever, R., Shen, J., Schouten, K. J. P., Calle‐Vallejo, F., & Koper, M. T. M. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01559 · Cited by 2,183 · see citing works
Li, C. W., & Kanan, M. W. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja3010978 · Cited by 2,000 · see citing works
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes
Hori, Y. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-49489-0_3 · Cited by 1,904 · see citing works
Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid fuel on oxide-derived nanocrystalline copper
Li, C. W., Ciston, J., & Kanan, M. W. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13249 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
Hori, Y., Murata, A., & Takahashi, R. (1989) · Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 1 Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases · doi:10.1039/f19898502309 · Cited by 1,671 · see citing works
Activity Descriptors for CO <sub>2</sub> Electroreduction to Methane on Transition-Metal Catalysts
Peterson, A. A., & Nørskov, J. K. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz201461p · Cited by 1,667 · see citing works
Particle Size Effects in the Catalytic Electroreduction of CO2 on Cu Nanoparticles
Reske, R., Mistry, H., Behafarid, F., Cuenya, B. R., & Strasser, P. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja500328k · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Self-citationHori, Y., Kikuchi, K., & Suzuki, S. (1985) · Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1246/cl.1985.1695 · Cited by 1,401 · see citing works
Chen, Y., & Kanan, M. W. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja2108799 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
Calle‐Vallejo, F., & Koper, M. T. M. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201301470 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Ren, D., Deng, Y., Handoko, A. D., Chen, C. S., Malkhandi, S., & Yeo, B. S. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs502128q · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Selectivity of CO 2 Reduction on Copper Electrodes: The Role of the Kinetics of Elementary Steps
Nie, X., Esopi, M. R., Janik, M. J., & Asthagiri, A. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201208320 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Nanostructured electrocatalysts with tunable activity and selectivity
Mistry, H., Varela, A. S., Kühl, S., Strasser, P., & Cuenya, B. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.9 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Self-citationTheoretical Insights into a CO Dimerization Mechanism in CO 2 Electroreduction
Montoya, J. H., Shi, C., Chan, K., & Nørskov, J. K. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00722 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
Active and Selective Conversion of CO <sub>2</sub> to CO on Ultrathin Au Nanowires
Zhu, W., Zhang, Y.-J., Zhang, H., Lv, H., Li, Q., Michalsky, R., Peterson, A. A., & Sun, S. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5095099 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Understanding Trends in the Electrocatalytic Activity of Metals and Enzymes for CO 2 Reduction to CO
Hansen, H. A., Varley, J. B., Peterson, A. A., & Nørskov, J. K. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz3021155 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Tang, W., Peterson, A. A., Varela, A. S., Jovanov, Z. P., Bech, L., Durand, W. J., Dahl, S., Nørskov, J. K., & Chorkendorff, I. (2011) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c1cp22700a · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Self-citationMistry, H., Reske, R., Zeng, Z., Zhao, Z.-J., Greeley, J., Strasser, P., & Cuenya, B. R. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja508879j · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing the Active Surface Sites for CO Reduction on Oxide-Derived Copper Electrocatalysts
Verdaguer-Casadevall, A., Li, C. W., Johansson, T. P., Scott, S. B., McKeown, J. T., Kumar, M., Stephens, I. E. L., Kanan, M. W., & Chorkendorff, I. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5b06227 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Gupta, N., Gattrell, M., & MacDougall, B. (2006) · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10800-005-9058-y · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Kaş, R., Kortlever, R., Milbrat, A., Koper, M. T. M., Mul, G., & Baltrušaitis, J. (2014) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c4cp01520g · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Enhanced Electrochemical Methanation of Carbon Dioxide with a Dispersible Nanoscale Copper Catalyst
Manthiram, K., Beberwyck, B. J., & Alivisatos, A. P. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5065284 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Varela, A. S., Kroschel, M., Reier, T., & Strasser, P. (2016) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.06.009 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrochemical Reduction of CO2 at Copper Nanofoams
Sen, S., Liu, D., & Palmore, G. T. R. (2014) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs500522g · Cited by 528 · see citing works
High Selectivity for Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide Reduction over Copper Nanocube Electrocatalysts
Roberts, F. S., Kuhl, K. P., & Nilsson, A. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201412214 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Mechanistic Insights into the Reduction of CO2 on Tin Electrodes using in Situ ATR-IR Spectroscopy
Baruch, M. F., Pander, J. E., White, J. L., & Bocarsly, A. B. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b00402 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Zhang, Y.-J., Sethuraman, V., Michalsky, R., & Peterson, A. A. (2014) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs5012298 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
High Selectivity for Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide Reduction over Copper Nanocube Electrocatalysts
Roberts, F. S., Kuhl, K. P., & Nilsson, A. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201412214 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CH3OH at Copper Oxide Surfaces
Le, M., Ren, M.-Y., Zhang, Z., Sprunger, P. T., Kurtz, R. L., & Flake, J. C. (2011) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3561636 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Kas, R., Kortlever, R., Yılmaz, H., Koper, M. T. M., & Mul, G. (2015) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.201402373 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
The influence of pH on the reduction of CO and CO2 to hydrocarbons on copper electrodes
Schouten, K. J. P., Pérez‐Gallent, E., & Koper, M. T. M. (2013) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.08.033 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Stable and selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper mesocrystals
Chen, C. S., Handoko, A. D., Wan, J. H., Ma, L., Ren, D., & Yeo, B. S. (2014) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c4cy00906a · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Lee, S., Kim, D., & Lee, J. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201505730 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons on Carbon-Supported Cu Nanoparticles
Baturina, O. A., Lu, Q., Padilla, M. A., Xin, L., Li, W., Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Atanassov, P. B., Xu, F., Epshteyn, A., et al. (2014) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs500537y · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Monitoring the Chemical State of Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction: An In Operando Study
Dutta, A., Kuzume, A., Rahaman, M., Vesztergom, S., & Broekmann, P. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02322 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Nanostructured Metallic Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Lu, Q., Rosen, J., & Jiao, F. (2014) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201402669 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts Beginning to Shape-up
Cuenya, B. R. (2012) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar300226p · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationTheoretical Considerations on the Electroreduction of CO to C2 Species on Cu(100) Electrodes
Calle‐Vallejo, F., & Koper, M. T. M. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201301470 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Kim, D., Lee, S., Ocon, J. D., Jeong, B., Lee, J. K., & Lee, J. (2014) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c4cp03172e · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Formation and Thermal Stability of Au 2 O 3 on Gold Nanoparticles: Size and Support Effects
Ono, L. K., & Cuenya, B. R. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp711277u · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationTuning Catalytic Selectivity at the Mesoscale via Interparticle Interactions
Mistry, H., Behafarid, F., Reske, R., Varela, A. S., Strasser, P., & Cuenya, B. R. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02202 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., Kim, D., & Lee, J. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201505730 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Menard, L., XU, F., Nuzzo, R. G., & Yang, J. (2006) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2006.07.006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationControl of the Metal−Support Interface of NiO-Loaded Photocatalysts via Cold Plasma Treatment
Zou, J., Liu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2006) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la052135u · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Holme, T. P., Berry, J., Ohno, T. R., Ginley, D. S., & O’Hayre, R. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp9088386 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Enabling Electrocatalytic Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Over Copper-based Electrodes
Shibata, H., Moulijn, J. A., & Mul, G. (2008) · Catalysis Letters · doi:10.1007/s10562-008-9488-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Lee, S., & Lee, J. (2015) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201501112 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Surface phases of Cu2O(111) under CO2 electrochemical reduction conditions
Nie, X., Griffin, G. L., Janik, M. J., et al. (2014) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.02.022 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Oxygen-induced changes to selectivity-determining steps in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction
Zhang, Y.-J., & Peterson, A. A. (2015) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c4cp03783a · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hori Y. in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry Vol. 42, eds Vayenas C. G., White R. E., Gambao-Aldaco M. E. 89– 189Springer (2008).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Advances and challenges in understanding the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels
Birdja, Y. Y., Pérez-Gallent, E., Figueiredo, M. C., Göttle, A. J., Calle-Vallejo, F., & Koper, M. T. M. (2019) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0450-y · Cited by 2,747 · see citing works
Dinh, C.-T., Burdyny, T., Kibria, M. G., Seifitokaldani, A., Gabardo, C. M., García de Arquer, F. P., Kiani, A., Edwards, J. P., De Luna, P., Bushuyev, O. S., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas9100 · Cited by 2,515 · see citing works
Kibria, M. G., Edwards, J. P., Gabardo, C. M., Dinh, C., Seifitokaldani, A., Sinton, D., & Sargent, E. H. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201807166 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling
Ross, M. B., De Luna, P., Li, Y., Dinh, C.-T., Kim, D., Yang, P., & Sargent, E. H. (2019) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0306-7 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Electrocatalysis for CO <sub>2</sub> conversion: from fundamentals to value-added products
Wang, G., Chen, J., Ding, Y., Cai, P., Yi, L., Li, Y., Tu, C., Hou, Y., Wen, Z., & Dai, L. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00071j · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
Fundamentals and challenges of electrochemical CO2 reduction using two-dimensional materials
Sun, Z., Ma, T., Tao, H., Fan, Q., & Han, B. (2017) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2017.09.009 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons
Zhou, Y., Che, F., Liu, M., Zou, C., Liang, Z., De Luna, P., Yuan, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Xie, H., et al. (2018) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-018-0092-x · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
De Luna, P., Quintero-Bermudez, R., Dinh, C.-T., Ross, M. B., Bushuyev, O. S., Todorović, P., Regier, T., Kelley, S. O., Yang, P., & Sargent, E. H. (2018) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-017-0018-9 · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Hoang, T. T. H., Verma, S., Ma, S., Fister, T. T., Timoshenko, J., Frenkel, A. I., Kenis, P. J. A., & Gewirth, A. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b01868 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Sulfur-Modulated Tin Sites Enable Highly Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate
Zheng, X., De Luna, P., García de Arquer, F. P., Zhang, B., Becknell, N., Ross, M. B., Li, Y., Banis, M. N., Li, Y., Liu, M., et al. (2017) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.014 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Subsurface Oxygen in Oxide-Derived Copper Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Eilert, A., Cavalca, F., Roberts, F. S., Osterwalder, J., Liu, C., Favaro, M., Crumlin, E. J., Ogasawara, H., Friebel, D., Pettersson, L. G. M., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02273 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Lum, Y., & Ager, J. W. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201710590 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Copper-on-nitride enhances the stable electrosynthesis of multi-carbon products from CO2
Liang, Z.-Q., Zhuang, T.-T., Seifitokaldani, A., Li, J., Huang, C.-W., Tan, C.-S., Li, Y., De Luna, P., Dinh, C. T., Hu, Y., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06311-0 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Lee, S., Park, G., & Lee, J. (2017) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b02822 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Lum, Y., & Ager, J. W. (2018) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0201-7 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Lu, L., Sun, X., Ma, J., Yang, D., Wu, H., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., & Han, B. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201808964 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Nanoporous Copper Films by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition: CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Catalysis
Hoang, T. T. H., Ma, S., Gold, J. I., Kenis, P. J. A., & Gewirth, A. A. (2017) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b03613 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Investigating the Role of Copper Oxide in Electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction in Real Time
Mandal, L., Yang, K. R., Motapothula, M. R., Ren, D., Lobaccaro, P., Patra, A., Sherburne, M., Batista, V. S., Yeo, B. S., Ager, J. W., et al. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b15418 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Larrazábal, G. O., Martín, A. J., & Pérez-Ramírez, J. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01380 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Is Subsurface Oxygen Necessary for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO <sub>2</sub> on Copper?
Garza, A. J., Bell, A. T., & Head-Gordon, M. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03180 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Liang, C., Kim, B., Yang, S., Yang Liu, Y. L., Francisco Woellner, C., Li, Z., Vajtai, R., Yang, W., Wu, J., Kenis, P. J. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c8ta01367e · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cavalca, F., Ferragut, R., Aghion, S., Eilert, A., Diaz-Morales, O., Liu, C., Koh, A. L., Hansen, T. W., Pettersson, L. G. M., & Nilsson, A. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08278 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Liu, C., Lourenço, M. P., Hedström, S., Cavalca, F., Diaz-Morales, O., Duarte, H. A., Nilsson, A., & Pettersson, L. G. M. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08269 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Role of Subsurface Oxygen on Cu Surfaces for CO<sub>2</sub> Electrochemical Reduction
Fields, M., Hong, X., Nørskov, J. K., & Chan, K. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b04983 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mistry, H., Varela, A. S., Bonifacio, C. S., Zegkinoglou, I., Sinev, I., Choi, Y.-W., Kisslinger, K., Stach, E. A., Yang, J. C., Strasser, P., & Cuenya, B. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Central Florida (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- Technische Universität Berlin (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-06-30
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12123-12123
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4931497
- OpenAlex
- W2470552650
- Cited by
- 1,214
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 163 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 176 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 28.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-09-12)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DEAC02-05CH11231, 1207065, 1534630, 1213182, DE-SC0012704)
- U.S. Department of Energy (-AC02-05CH11231, Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, FG02-03ER15476, DE‐FG02‐, DE‐SC0012704, 05CH11231, No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, DE AC02 05CH11231, DEFG0203ER15476, Contract No: DESC0012704, DEFG0208ER15995, No. DE-SC0012704, SC0012704., FG02-08ER15995, DESC0012653, DE-AC02-)
- University of Texas at Austin
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE-AC02-05CH11231, EXC 1069)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03SF0523, DE-SC0012704, CO2EKAT, EXC 1069, DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Office of Science (No. DE-AC02- 05-CH11231, DE-SC-0012704, No. DE-SC0012704, DEFG0203ER15476, DEAC02–05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02, 05CH11231, Contract No. DE-SC0012704, SC0012704, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Division of Materials Research (1207065)
- Division of Chemistry (1213182, 1534630, CHE-1534630, DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Basic Energy Sciences (Contract No. DE-SC0012704, DE-AC02, Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, DE- SC0012704, DE-AC02-05CH11231., DE‐SC0012653, No. DE-SC0012704, DE- FG02-08ER15995, DE-FG02, No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, AC02–05CH11231, SC0012704, DE- FG02-03ER15476)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (SC0012704, DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-SC0012704, DE- SC0012704, Contract No. DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0012653)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (AC02‐05CH11231, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0012704, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Keywords
- carbon dioxide electroreduction, ethylene selectivity, copper catalysts, plasma treatment, copper oxide, copper(I) species, overpotential, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, renewable fuels
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
