Cited by 60Electrochemical sensors and biosensorsAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting MaterialsAdvanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques

Portable and wearable real-time stress monitoring: A critical review

Open access
Parlak, Onur·2021·Sensors and Actuators Reports

Abstract

This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging field of real-time stress monitoring by focusing on early breakthroughs and critical developments in portable and wearable cortisol sensors. Here, brief, albeit comprehensive, information on technological advances and current state-of-the-art concepts on real-time cortisol sensing are provided. Specific examples where materials include up-to-date information related to complex sensing conditions, and methodologies, are pieced together. Examples of electrochemical cortisol sensing are categorized by sample types, focusing on sensing from body fluids in vitro and wearable sensors, which have attracted significant interest due to their integration with everyday life activity. The overall progress made to date in building such conceptualized efforts for real-time, continuous monitoring of cortisol and the future of the field is discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.snr.2021.100036

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Authors
Parlak, O.
Affiliations
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Parlak, Onur
Venue
Sensors and Actuators Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
3
Pages
100036
ISSN
2666-0539 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3159299085
Cited by
60
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 2
FWCI
3.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Sensors and Actuators Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse
  • Karolinska Institutet (1-249/2019)
  • Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW2014.0387)
  • Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (VF-2019-0110)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
Keywords
wearable sensors, portable sensors, real-time stress monitoring, electrochemical sensor, biological fluids, stress biomarkers, sensor materials

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