Molecularly selective nanoporous membrane-based wearable organic electrochemical device for noninvasive cortisol sensing
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A new wearable nanoporous organic electrochemical device used as a medical diagnostics tool for noninvasive hormone sensing.
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Most wearable sweat sensors are unable to draw low volumes of resting sweat rapidly into the device, limiting real-time assessment.
“They are unable to draw low volumes of resting sweat rapidly into the device, limiting real-time assessment.”
From A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
The Results (Sensor fabrication and characterization; page not supplied) identify low sweat output as a challenge for on-body biosensors and say rapid delivery of small samples is needed for accurate readings. The Results (Evaluation of the sensor performance; page not supplied) show that one simpler acquisition design delivered artificial sweat slowly, but the paper does not establish that most wearable sweat sensors cannot rapidly draw resting sweat. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost wearable sweat sensors have focused on exercise, thermal, or chemically stimulated sweat produced at rates of 10's or 100's of nL min−1 cm−2 or higher.
“For this reason, most wearable sweat sensors have focused on exercise, thermal, or chemically stimulated sweat produced at rates of 10’s or 100’s of nL min−1 cm−2 or higher10–23.”
From A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
The Materials and Methods section (page unavailable) says this wearable sensor used sweat collected during running exercise. The Results section gives an estimated sweat rate of 1–100 nL/min per gland and a gland density of 100/cm², but it does not say that most wearable sweat sensors focus on exercise, thermal, or chemical stimulation, or assign the claimed per-area rates to those conditions. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to few flexible sensors and/or microfluidic devices in the literature for direct/indirect stress monitoring in sweat, this work presents a continuous sweat flow platform and comprehensively quantified sweat cortisol response regionally, individually including sex and age, and personally along with daily and longitudinally monitoring considerations.
“Table S9, Supporting Information, shows that compared to the few flexible sensors and/or microfluidic devices currently in the literature[ 8 , 36 ] for either direct/indirect stress monitoring in sweat, this work presents continuous sweat flow platform and comprehensively quantified sweat cortisol response regionally, individually including sex, and age, and personally along with daily and longit”
From MicroSweat: A wearable microfluidic patch for noninvasive and reliable sweat collection enables human stress monitoring (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Cortisol has been measured in human blood, serum, urine, saliva, hair, interstitial fluid, and most recently eccrine sweat.
“Cortisol has been measured in human blood,106 serum,107 urine,107 saliva,107,108 hair,109 interstitial fluid,110 and most recently eccrine sweat.111”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
The sensor integrated an electrochemical transistor and a biomimetic polymeric membrane, which permitted the detection of cortisol.
“The team integrated an electrochemical transistor and a biomimetic polymeric membrane, which permitted the detection of cortisol.”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
The sensor combined with a microcapillary channel array provided precise sample delivery to the sensor interface.
“The sensor, combined with a microcapillary channel array, was integrated in the sensor thereby providing precise sample delivery to the sensor interface.”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
A multifunctional layered wearable organic electrochemical sensor was developed for the non-invasive detection of cortisol from eccrine sweat.
“et al. developed a multifunctional layered wearable organic electrochemical sensor for the non-invasive detection of cortisol from eccrine sweat (Fig. 3e–g).111”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
Ex situ testing with artificial sweat and real-time testing during exercise demonstrated the utility of the device to measure cortisol.
“Ex situ testing, performed by spraying artificial sweat with increased cortisol concentrations on the forearm, and real-time testing during exercise, demonstrated the utility of the device to measure cortisol (Fig. 3e–g).”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
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“Unlike other technologies, photo-polymerization can be used to synthesize MOF-MIPs in facile, low-temperature (or RT) conditions (Lamaoui et al., 2021; Parlak et al., 2018).”
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“24 μM N/A Yes [42] Cortisol Cortisol antibodies N/A 1–3 μL Yes [43] Cortisol Cortisol aptamers 1 ng/mL N/A Yes [44] Cortisol E-nose 5 mL–50 mL N/A Yes [45] Cortisol MIPs 0.”
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- Authors
- Parlak, O., Keene, S. T., Marais, A., Curto, V. F., & Salleo, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Mines Saint-Étienne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Parlak, Onur
- Salleo, Alberto
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2018-07-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- eaar2904-eaar2904
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6054510
- OpenAlex
- W2884374716
- Cited by
- 603
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 21.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW 2014.0387)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- wearable biosensors, organic electrochemical transistors, nanoporous membranes, molecular recognition, on-body sensing
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Polymers, Sweat, Transistors, Electronic, Biosensing Techniques, Biomimetic Materials, Microfluidics, Molecular Imprinting, Nanopores
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