Cited by 598Iron Metabolism and DisordersNeurological diseases and metabolismTrace Elements in Health

Mechanisms of mammalian iron homeostasis

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Pantopoulos, Kostas, Porwal, Suheel Kumar, Tartakoff, Alan, Devireddy, L.·2012·Biochemistry

Abstract

Iron is vital for almost all organisms because of its ability to donate and accept electrons with relative ease. It serves as a cofactor for many proteins and enzymes necessary for oxygen and energy metabolism, as well as for several other essential processes. Mammalian cells utilize multiple mechanisms to acquire iron. Disruption of iron homeostasis is associated with various human diseases: iron deficiency resulting from defects in the acquisition or distribution of the metal causes anemia, whereas iron surfeit resulting from excessive iron absorption or defective utilization causes abnormal tissue iron deposition, leading to oxidative damage. Mammals utilize distinct mechanisms to regulate iron homeostasis at the systemic and cellular levels. These involve the hormone hepcidin and iron regulatory proteins, which collectively ensure iron balance. This review outlines recent advances in iron regulatory pathways as well as in mechanisms underlying intracellular iron trafficking, an important but less studied area of mammalian iron homeostasis.

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Crossref · 10.1021/bi300752r

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  • Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates introduction of iron into plasma from three major sources: iron stored within hepatocytes, absorbed iron in the duodenal enterocytes, and iron recycled from macrophages.

    “Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates introduction of iron into plasma from three major sources: iron stored within hepatocytes, absorbed iron in the duodenal enterocytes and iron recycled from macrophages (Ganz and Nemeth, 2012; Pantopoulos et al., 2012).”

    From Iron at the Centre of Candida albicans Interactions (2018) · cites this paper as Pantopoulos et al., 2012

  • Under physiological conditions iron recycling by macrophages accounts for approximately 95% of the daily needs of the metal for erythropoiesis and other physiological processes.

    “Under physiological conditions iron recycling by macrophages accounts for approximately 95% of the daily needs of the metal for erythropoiesis and other physiological processes (Hentze et al., 2010; Pantopoulos et al., 2012).”

    From Iron at the interface of immunity and infection (2014) · cites this paper as Pantopoulos et al., 2012

  • Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining iron homeostasis in PDAC cells.

    “autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining iron homeostasis in PDAC cells214”

    From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [214]

  • Ferritin is trafficked to autophagosomes via NCOA4, and free iron is subsequently released by autophagy through ferritinophagy.

    “ferritin is trafficked to autophagosomes via nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), and free iron is subsequently released by autophagy through a process termed “ferritinophagy”214”

    From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [214]

  • IFN-γ stimulates NO formation, which activates IRP-1 binding to the ferritin IRE, leading to inhibition of ferritin translation.

    “IFN-γ stimulates NO formation, which then activates IRP-1 binding to the ferritin IRE, leading to inhibition of ferritin translation, whereas IRP-2 activity is affected depending on the type of cell and NO product (178).”

    From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [178]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [117]Johnson MB Enns CA 2004 Differic transferrin regulates transferrin receptor 2 protein stability Blood 104 4287 4293 15319290
  2. [118]Robb A Wessling-Resnick M 2004 Regulation of transferrin receptor 2 protein levels by transferrin Blood 104 4294 4299 15319276
  3. [120]Wallace DF Summerville L Subramaniam VN 2007 Targeted disruption of the hepatic transferrin receptor 2 gene in mice leads to iron overload Gastroenterol 132 301 310 17241880

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Authors
Pantopoulos, K., Porwal, S. K., Tartakoff, A., & Devireddy, L.
Affiliations
  • Jewish General Hospital (CA)
  • Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Devireddy, L.
Venue
Biochemistry
Published
2012-07-09
Volume
51
Issue
29
Pages
5705-5724
ISSN
  • 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-4995
OpenAlex
W2033465391
Cited by
598
References
221
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-86514)
  • National Cancer Institute (K01CA113838)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK081395)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
iron homeostasis, iron acquisition, hepcidin, iron regulatory proteins, iron deficiency anemia, iron overload, oxidative damage, iron metabolism
MeSH terms
Anemia, Animals, Hypoxia, Biological Transport, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Liver, Iron Metabolism Disorders, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Hepcidins

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