Systemic Iron Homeostasis
Abstract
The iron hormone hepcidin and its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin control the major fluxes of iron into blood plasma: intestinal iron absorption, the delivery of recycled iron from macrophages, and the release of stored iron from hepatocytes. Because iron losses are comparatively very small, iron absorption and its regulation by hepcidin and ferroportin determine total body iron content. Hepcidin is in turn feedback-regulated by plasma iron concentration and iron stores, and negatively regulated by the activity of erythrocyte precursors, the dominant consumers of iron. Hepcidin and ferroportin also play a role in host defense and inflammation, and hepcidin synthesis is induced by inflammatory signals including interleukin-6 and activin B. This review summarizes and discusses recent progress in molecular characterization of systemic iron homeostasis and its disorders, and identifies areas for further investigation.
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Macrophages carry out systemic iron recycling and regulate iron availability to pathogens.
“Macrophages are essential for systemic iron recycling, and also control iron availability to pathogens.”
From Iron Regulatory Proteins Mediate Host Resistance to Salmonella Infection (2015) · cites this paper as Ganz, 2013
Hepcidin limits iron fluxes to the bloodstream by promoting degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin in target cells.
“The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin limits iron fluxes to the bloodstream by promoting degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin in target cells.”
From Pharmacological Targeting of the Hepcidin/Ferroportin Axis (2016) · cites this paper as Ganz, 2013
Hepcidin is the central regulator of systemic iron balance.
“Amongst these, hepcidin stands out as the central regulator of systemic iron balance [14].”
From Rapidly Escalating Hepcidin and Associated Serum Iron Starvation Are Features of the Acute Response to Typhoid Infection in Humans (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Ganz, T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ganz, Tomas
- ORCID
- Ganz, Tomas
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1721-1741
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2170885365
- Cited by
- 1,122
- References
- 282
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 12.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Keywords
- iron homeostasis, hepcidin, ferroportin, intestinal iron absorption, erythroid precursors, inflammation, interleukin-6, activin B, iron deficiency, iron overload
- MeSH terms
- Ferroportin, Amino Acid Sequence, Hemostasis, Humans, Iron, Macrophages, Molecular Sequence Data, Hepatocytes, Cation Transport Proteins, Hepcidins
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