The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Further Psychometric Evaluation with Adult Samples

Osman, Augustine; Barrios, Francisco X.; Gutierrez, Peter M.; Kopper, Beverly A.; Merrifield, Traci; Grittmann, Lee

doi:10.1023/a:1005548801037

Cited by 962Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPediatric Pain Management TechniquesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Further Psychometric Evaluation with Adult Samples

Osman, Augustine, Barrios, Francisco X., Gutierrez, Peter M., Kopper, Beverly A., Merrifield, Traci, Grittmann, Lee·2000·Journal of Behavioral Medicine

DOI 10.1023/a:1005548801037

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Abstract

Previous studies with undergraduates have provided support for the reliability and oblique three-factor structure of a new scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). We examined the reliability and validity of the PCS in adult community and pain outpatient samples. The PCS showed a high internal consistency in both groups. Using data from the community sample, confirmatory factor analyses showed that the PCS taps a single construct characterized by three related dimensions. Gender differences were obtained on the PCS total score in the community and the outpatient samples. The analyses also showed significant differences between the community and the outpatient samples on the PCS total and subscales. Overall, the results showed strong evidence of criterion-related, concurrent, and discriminant validity for the PCS in the community sample. Limitations of the present study are discussed.

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The PCS has demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity and excellent internal consistency (α = 0.95) in a sample of chronic pain patients.
“The PCS has demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity and excellent internal consistency (α = 0.95) in a sample of chronic pain patients.35”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to manage pain and opioid use after major surgery: Preliminary outcomes from the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service (2017) · cites this paper as [35]
The PCS has excellent psychometric properties.
“The PCS has excellent psychometric properties [17].”
From The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) - Validation, factor structure and comparison to the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and other validated measures in German chronic back pain patients (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
For chronic pain, the PCS demonstrates excellent short-term test-retest reliability, excellent internal consistency for the full scale, and satisfactory criterion, construct, and content validity.
“For chronic pain, it demonstrates excellent short-term testretest reliability, excellent internal consistency for the full scale, and satisfactory criterion, construct, and content validity (Osman et al., 2000;Sullivan et al., 1995).”
From Increasing Occupational Engagement by Addressing Psychosocial and Occupational Factors of Chronic Pain: A Case Report. (2022) · cites this paper as Osman et al., 2000
The PCS has been shown to have adequate to excellent internal consistency and validity.
“The PCS has been shown to have adequate to excellent internal consistency and validity [49, 51].”
From Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ExACT) compared to a supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) has demonstrated strong evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity in undergraduate, community, or outpatient chronic pain samples.
“The PCS has demonstrated strong evidence of internal consistency, test–retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity in undergraduate, community, or outpatient chronic pain samples [33–35].”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of an Abbreviated, Four-Week Mindfulness Program for Chronic Pain Management. (2020) · cites this paper as [34]

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Authors: Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Gutierrez, P. M., Kopper, B. A., Merrifield, T., & Grittmann, L.
Affiliations: University of Northern Iowa (US)
Northern Illinois University (US)
Corresponding author: Osman, Augustine
ORCID: Osman, Augustine
Gutierrez, Peter M.
Venue: Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-08
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Pages: 351-365
ISSN: 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
1573-3521
DOI: 10.1023/a:1005548801037
OpenAlex: W143360667
Cited by: 944
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 1.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, pain catastrophizing, psychometric validation, scale reliability, factor structure, gender differences, community-dwelling adults, criterion validity, discriminant validity
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Sick Role, Reproducibility of Results

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The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Further Psychometric Evaluation with Adult Samples

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