Physical activity and cancer etiology: associations and mechanisms

McTiernan, Anne; Ulrich, Cornelia; Slate, Shelley; Potter, John

doi:10.1023/a:1008853601471

Cited by 302Cancer Risks and FactorsPhysical Activity and HealthMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 209 of the 211 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physical activity and cancer etiology: associations and mechanisms

McTiernan, Anne, Ulrich, Cornelia, Slate, Shelley, Potter, John·1998·Cancer Causes & Control

DOI 10.1023/a:1008853601471

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Abstract

Objectives This paper reviews the epidemiologic data of associations between physical activity and cancer risk, describes potential mechanisms for a physical activity cancer link, and proposes future directions for research.Methods We reviewed English-language published papers on physical activity and cancer through Medline searches for epidemiologic studies, and through references on individual reports. We reviewed general texts on effects of exercise on human biology and applied the concepts to the biology of cancer in humans to describe potential mechanisms for a physical activity-cancer association.Results Considerable epidemiologic evidence has accrued linking increased physical activity with reduced occurrence of cancers of the breast and colon. The association between physical activity and cancers of other sites is unclear. Potential mechanisms for the association between physical activity and reduced risk for breast and colon cancer are varied: they range from bias due to physical activity's strong correlations with other health factors (e.g., diet, smoking, alcohol use, use of medications) to the metabolic effects resulting from increased physical activity and fitness, such as reduced obesity, hormonal and reproductive effects, mechanical effects, and enhancement of the immune system.Conclusions The elucidation of biologic mechanisms for an association between physical activity and cancer may provide biological support for the association. It will contribute information to determine the type, frequency, and duration of exercise needed to maximize protection. This information will be needed before large-scale community interventions are begun, in order to choose the correct interventions for the desired effect of reduced incidence of the most common cancers.

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Physical activity reduces the risk of breast and colon cancers and may reduce the risk of several other types of cancer.
“Physical activity reduces the risk of breast and colon cancers and may reduce the risk of several other types of cancer.109 -113”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [111]
For colon cancer, physical activity causes food to move more quickly through the intestine, which reduces the length of time that the bowel lining is exposed to potential mutagens.
“For colon cancer, physical activity causes food to move more quickly through the intestine, which reduces the length of time that the bowel lining is exposed to potential mutagens.111”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [111]
Moderate to vigorous activity for at least 45 minutes on 5 or more days per week may further reduce the risk of breast and colon cancers and also may reduce the risk of kidney, endometrial, and esophageal cancers.
“Moderate to vigorous activity for at least 45 minutes on 5 or more days per week may further reduce the risk of breast and colon cancers and also may reduce the risk of kidney, endometrial, and esophageal cancers.110,111,113,119,120”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [111]
For breast cancer, vigorous physical activity may decrease the exposure of breast tissue to circulating ovarian hormones.
“For breast cancer, vigorous physical activity may decrease the exposure of breast tissue to circulating ovarian hormones.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [111]

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Authors: McTiernan, A., Ulrich, C., Slate, S., & Potter, J.
Affiliations: Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
University of Washington (US)
ORCID: McTiernan, Anne
Ulrich, Cornelia
Potter, John
Venue: Cancer Causes & Control
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1998-10
Volume: 9
Issue: 5
Pages: 487-509
ISSN: 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
1573-7225
DOI: 10.1023/a:1008853601471
OpenAlex: W1577435804
Cited by: 302
References: 211
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 1.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01 CA/AG69334, 5 P30 CA15704, P30CA015704)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords: physical activity, cancer risk, breast cancer, colon cancer, biological mechanisms, obesity, endocrine effects, reproductive factors, immune system, cancer prevention, exercise intervention
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prognosis, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Incidence, Survival Rate, Risk Assessment

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