Epigenetic aspects of somaclonal variation in plants
Abstract
Somaclonal variation is manifested as cytological abnormalities, frequent qualitative and quantitative phenotypic mutation, sequence change, and gene activation and silencing. Activation of quiescent transposable elements and retrotransposons indicate that epigenetic changes occur through the culture process. Epigenetic activation of DNA elements further suggests that epigenetic changes may also be involved in cytogenetic instability through modification of heterochromatin, and as a basis of phenotypic variation through the modulation of gene function. The observation that DNA methylation patterns are highly variable among regenerated plants and their progeny provides evidence that DNA modifications are less stable in culture than in seed-grown plants. Future research will determine the relative importance of epigenetic versus sequence or chromosome variation in conditioning somaclonal variation in plants.
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Epigenetic variability observed at the phenotype level reflects adaptations of cellular processes to constraints of in vitro cultivation, which usually implies sequential dedifferentiation and re-differentiation.
“This epigenetic variability, which frequently is observed at phenotype level, reflects, in reality, the adaptations of the cellular processes to the various constraints of the in vitro cultivation technology, that usually implies sequential dedifferentiation (formation of callus) and re-differentiation (regeneration of plants) [91,95,96,97,98,99,100].”
From Somaclonal Variation—Advantage or Disadvantage in Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plants (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
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- Authors
- Kaeppler, S. M., Kaeppler, H. F., & Rhee, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaeppler, Shawn M.
- Venue
- Plant Molecular Biology
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 179-188
- ISSN
- 0167-4412 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5028
- OpenAlex
- W2119370926
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Keywords
- somaclonal variation, epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation, transposable elements, retrotransposons, gene silencing, gene activation, heterochromatin, cytogenetic instability, plant tissue culture, epigenetic inheritance
- MeSH terms
- Clone Cells, Plants, Genetic Variation, Transcriptional Activation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Cells
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