Risk factors for the development versus maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder
Abstract
This study examined risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Vietnam veterans: 68 women and 414 men of whom 88 were White, 63 Black, 80 Hispanic, 90 Native Hawaiian, and 93 Japanese American. Continuation ratio logistic regression was used to compare the predictive power of risk factors for the development versus maintenance of full or partial PTSD. The development of PTSD was related to premilitary, military, and postmilitary factors. The maintenance of PTSD was related primarily to military and postmilitary factors. Multivariate analyses identified different models for development and maintenance. We conclude that development of PTSD is related to factors that occur before, during, and after a traumatic event, whereas failure to recover is related primarily to factors that occur during and after the event.
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Social support has been identified as an important predictor in the onset and maintenance of anxiety and PTSD in Vietnam Veterans.
“Social support has been identified as an important predictor in the onset and maintenance of anxiety and PTSD in Vietnam Veterans (Boscarino, 1995; Schnurr, Lunney, & Sengupta, 2004) and may, therefore, be important to address directly in treatment.”
From Cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety: Similarities and differences between Veteran and community participants (2015) · cites this paper as Schnurr, Lunney, & Sengupta, 2004
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- Authors
- Schnurr, P. P., Lunney, C. A., & Sengupta, A.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- White River Junction VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schnurr, Paula P.
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-95
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W2008845537
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 11.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, risk factors, Vietnam War veterans, military trauma, racial and ethnic differences, trauma recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Veterans, Vietnam, Warfare, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies
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