The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
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An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
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Performance and interaction anxiety: specific relationships with other- and self-evaluation concerns
Hook, J. N., Valentiner, D. P., & Connelly, J. (2012) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2012.654777 · Cited by 28
“In addition, GSP typically begins prior to age 10 years (Mannuzza et al., 1995), before the typical development of metacognitive processes (Flavell, 1979; Kuhn & Dean, 2000), whereas SSP typically begins closer to age 16 years, after the typical development of metacognitive processes.”
BackgroundStudent conceptions of peer-assisted learning
Hodgson, Y., Benson, R., & Brack, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2014.938262 · Cited by 28
“This aspect supported the development of metacognitive regulation (Flavell 1979, 1987) and merged with increases in metacognitive knowledge as students strongly expressed the view that they understood how they learn effectively and that teachers should ‘take this advice on how we like to learn’…”
BackgroundEffects of reflection prompts on learning outcomes and learning behaviour in statistics education
Stark, R., & Krause, U.-M. (2009) · Learning Environments Research · doi:10.1007/s10984-009-9063-x · Cited by 30
“Metacognition refers to both knowledge and skills ( Flavell 1976, 1979 ).”
BackgroundL2 learners' conceptions of academic reading and themselves as academic readers
Ohata, K., & Fukao, A. (2013) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2013.11.003 · Cited by 28
Strang, K. D. (2008) · Multicultural Education & Technology Journal · doi:10.1108/17504970810911043 · Cited by 28
“underlying this study) is defined as: higher order thinking to actively control the cognitive processes engaged in thinking and acquiring knowing ( Flavell, 1979”
BackgroundThe Persistence Process: Development of a Stage Model For Goal-Directed Behavior
Meier, G., & Albrecht, M. H. (2003) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/107179190301000205 · Cited by 28
Clark, D. A. (2001) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(01)80040-x · Cited by 28
Abasi, A. R. (2012) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2012.05.010 · Cited by 28
Postholm, M. B. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.10.010 · Cited by 30
“He also states that they post goals for learning on the blackboard for each lesson, and that they talk about the learning processes with regard to the goals to develop the students’ metacognition (Flavell, 1979; Flavell, 1987).”
BackgroundExtending Students’ Practice of Metacognitive Regulation Skills with the Science Writing Heuristic
van Opstal, M. T., & Daubenmire, P. L. (2015) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1019385 · Cited by 29
“Metacognition is the knowledge of and ability to understand and to self-monitor the cognitive strategies used while learning (Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Dennison, 1994).”
BackgroundThe relation between personality and the realism in confidence judgements in older adults
Dahl, M., Allwood, C. M., Rennemark, M., & Hagberg, B. (2010) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-010-0164-2 · Cited by 34
“It mainly concerns a person’s knowledge of his or her memory and the person’s ability to use this knowledge to regulate his or her memory processes (Flavell 1979; Koriat 2006).”
BackgroundHow to develop innovators? Innovation education for the gifted 1
Shavinina, L. V. (2012) · Gifted Education International · doi:10.1177/0261429412440651 · Cited by 28
“Metacognition refers to one’s own knowledge about one’s own cognitive abilities, as well as guiding, monitoring, and executing of one’s own mental processes (Brown, 1994; Flavell, 1979; Kholodnaya, 2002).”
BackgroundThe Writing Conference as a Locus of Emergent Agency
Strauss, S., & Xiang, X. (2006) · Written Communication · doi:10.1177/0741088306292286 · Cited by 28
Assessing Text Processing: A Comparison of Four Methods
Scott, D. B. (2008) · Journal of Literacy Research · doi:10.1080/10862960802502162 · Cited by 28
“Consequently, the product the struggling reader generates may be incomplete or flawed (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTraining in Metacognitive Strategies for Students’ Vocabulary Improvement by Using Learning Journals
Diaz, I. (2015) · PROFILE Issues in Teachers Professional Development · doi:10.15446/profile.v17n1.41632 · Cited by 28
“In regard to these actions, Flavell (1979) refers to this process as building students’ knowledge of the operations through which they achieve effective learning.”
BackgroundMetacognitive knowledge and experience in recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder
Torres, I. J., Mackala, S. A., Kozicky, J.-M., & Yatham, L. N. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1161733 · Cited by 30
“Two key components of metacognition that have been identified include metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experience (Flavell, 1979; Perfect & Schwartz, 2002).”
BackgroundCarrino, S. S., & Gerace, W. J. (2016) · Learning Communities Research and Practice · Cited by 28
A Conceptual Model of the Metacognitive Activity
Peña‐Ayala, A., & Cárdenas, L. (2014) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11062-2_3 · Cited by 29
A creative idea generation methodology by future envisioning from the user experience perspective
Moon, H., & Han, S. H. (2016) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2016.09.012 · Cited by 28
Çetin, B. (2017) · Journal of Education and Training Studies · doi:10.11114/jets.v5i4.2233 · Cited by 35
“Metacognition is often thought of as “thinking about thinking” (Flavell, 1979, p.906).”
BackgroundToo many passwords? How understanding our memory can increase password memorability
Woods, N., & Siponen, M. T. (2017) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.11.002 · Cited by 28
The impact of metacognitive practice and teacher feedback on academic achievement in mathematics
Baliram, N. S., & Ellis, A. K. (2019) · School Science and Mathematics · doi:10.1111/ssm.12317 · Cited by 28
Hidden expectations: scaffolding subject specialists’ genre knowledge of the assignments they set
McGrath, L., Negretti, R., & Nicholls, K. (2019) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-019-00373-9 · Cited by 35
“Our study adopts an inter-disciplinary approach, drawing on theories of genre (Tardy 2009; Swales 1990) and metacognition (Flavell 1979) to construct a scaffolded professional development activity for subject specialists with two aims: building genre knowledge, and scaffolding metacognitive…”
BackgroundMethodProspective preschool teachers' metacognitive awareness
Özsoy, G., & Günindi, Y. (2011) · İlköğretim Online (elektronik) · doi:10.17051/io.57430 · Cited by 28
“Üstbilişsel bilginin bu düzeyi Flavell (1979) tarafından yordam bilgisi ve bildirimsel bilginin ikisinin birden bulunduğu ( both declarative and procedural knowledge ) bir düzey olarak adlandırılmıştır.”
Differences between low and high achieving distance learners in locus of control and metacognition
Jegede, O. J., Taplin, M., Fan, R. Y. K., Chan, M. S.-C., & Yum, J. C. K. (1999) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/0158791990200206 · Cited by 29
Decision-making abilities of intellectually gifted and non-gifted children
Ball, C., Mann, L., & Stamm, C. (1994) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049539408259464 · Cited by 28
Reflection and metacognition in mathematics education— Tools for the improvement of teaching quality
Kaune, C. (2006) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/bf02652795 · Cited by 28
“However, Flawell (1979) shows on the one hand that “reflection” is not used consistently in everyday speech, and on the other hand his examples also indicate that both concepts are not clearly differentiable in everyday situations.”
BackgroundVerification of a Model of Test-Taking Behavior of High School Seniors
Rogers, W. T., & Bateson, D. J. (1991) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.1991.10806571 · Cited by 28
Trappings of Expertise and the Pursuit of Failure
Ramnarayan, S., Strohschneider, S., & Schaub, H. (1997) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/1046878197281004 · Cited by 28
The role of social context in memory development
Ratner, H. H. (1980) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.23219801006 · Cited by 28
Going meta on metacognitive interventions
Moritz, S., Lysaker, P. H., Hofmann, S. G., & Hautzinger, M. (2018) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2018.1520636 · Cited by 28
Dunlosky, J. T., Serra, M. J., & Baker, J. M. C. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470713181.ch6 · Cited by 29
VanKooten, C. (2016) · Composition Forum · Cited by 27
He, G., Chen, S. H. A., Lin, H., & Su, A. (2024) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-024-09922-w · Cited by 43
“Metacognition is a psychological construct that refers to individuals’ knowledge and regulation of their cognitive processes, including thinking, learning, and problem solving (Flavell, 1979).”
InfluentialDoulou, A., Pergantis, P., Drigas, A. S., & Skianis, C. (2025) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti9010008 · Cited by 36
“Metacognition is the most essential tool for self-education, self-improvement, and self-medication [27].”
Feng, S. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13611 · Cited by 49
Is Mindful Reflective Practice the way forward to reduce medication errors?
Pezzolesi, C., Ghaleb, M. A., Kostrzewski, A., & Dhillon, S. (2013) · International Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1111/ijpp.12031 · Cited by 30
“‘the ability of knowing about thinking’.([33]) Metacognition has active control over the cognitive processes engaged in learning and a range of tasks such as planning, monitoring, evaluating progress are metacognitive in nature.”
BackgroundE2LP: A unified embedded engineering learning platform
Kaštelan, I., Benito, J. R. L., González, E. A., et al. (2014) · Microprocessors and Microsystems · doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2014.09.003 · Cited by 27
Fiorella, L., Vogel-Walcutt, J. J., & Fiore, S. M. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.017 · Cited by 34
“At its most general level it is argued to consist of knowledge of cognition and the regulation of cognition (Cuevas, Fiore, & Oser, 2002; Cuevas et al., 2004a; Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Dennison, 1994).”
BackgroundAssessment Capability and Student Self-regulation: The Challenge of Preparing Teachers
Hill, M., Ell, F. R., & Eyers, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2017.00021 · Cited by 29
“…proceeds through the actions of and interactions among metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences, goals/tasks, and actions/strategies” (Flavell, 1979, p. 909); or as Gipps (1994) puts it “thinking about thinking… (including) a variety of self-awareness processes to help plan,…”
BackgroundKnowing-it-all but still learning: Perceptions of one’s own knowledge and belief revision.
Hagá, S., & Olson, K. R. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000433 · Cited by 29
“Moreover, the incoherence implied in changing beliefs that were held with high confidence probably does not feel problematic to young children, as their metacognitive skills are still incipient (e.g., Flavell, 1979; Flavell, Green, & Flavell, 2000).”
BackgroundSaddhono, K., Hasanudin, C., & Fitrianingsih, A. (2019) · Ingénierie des systèmes d information · doi:10.18280/isi.240402 · Cited by 27
“How a person learns and processes information is part of the concept of knowledge of metacognitive [13].”
BackgroundGroup metacognitive therapy for adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders: A pilot study
Thorslund, J., McEvoy, P. M., & Anderson, R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22914 · Cited by 29
Future Design as a Metacognitive Intervention for Presentism
Nakagawa, Y., & Saijo, T. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12187552 · Cited by 27
Cognitive function: holarchy or holacracy?
Bîrle, C., Slăvoacă, D., Balea, M., Popa, L. L., Mureșanu, I. A., Ștefănescu, E., Văcăraș, V., Dina, C., Strilciuc, Ș., Popescu, B. O., et al. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04737-3 · Cited by 36
Learning through assessment: An approach towards Self-Directed Learning
Annandale, M., Belkasim, S. O., Bunt, B. J., Chahine, I., Beer, J. J. D., Jacobson, T., Jagals, D., Kamanga, E. H., Mackey, T. P., Olivier, J., et al. (2021) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2021.bk280 · Cited by 42
von Hoyer, J. F., Hoppe, A., Kammerer, Y., Otto, C. A., Pardi, G., Rokicki, M., Yu, R., Dietze, S., Ewerth, R., & Holtz, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827748 · Cited by 28
“In both cases, the cognitive system monitors and regulates interface interactions and learning activities (Flavell, 1979; Zimmerman and Schunk, 2001) until a learning goal has been met or another stop-rule has been triggered (Brand-Gruwel et al., 2009).”
BackgroundJAGER, T. D. (2019) · Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice · doi:10.53761/1.16.3.3 · Cited by 27
Lysaker, P. H., Holm, T., Kukla, M., Wiesepape, C. N., Faith, L. A., Musselman, A., & Lysaker, J. T. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104267 · Cited by 28
Abdelshiheed, M., Hostetter, J. W., Barnes, T. M., & Chi, M. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36272-9_24 · Cited by 31
A Metacognitive Portrait of Gifted Learners
Barfurth, M. A., Ritchie, K., Irving, J. A., & Shore, B. M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_18 · Cited by 28
Beekman, K., Brinke, D. J.-T., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (2015) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2015.1071233 · Cited by 33
Encounters between foreigners and Chinese
Ling, F. Y. Y., Ang, A. M. H., & Lim, S. S. Y. (2007) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/09699980710828987 · Cited by 27
Kihlstrom, J. F. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816789.018 · Cited by 31
Comprehension Monitoring: Definition and Practice.
Pitts, M. M. (1983) · The Journal of Reading · Cited by 27
Wichmann, A., & Leutner, D. (2009) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/1010-0652.23.2.117 · Cited by 30
A protocol-analytic study of metacognition in mathematical problem solving
Cai, J. (1994) · Mathematics Education Research Journal · doi:10.1007/bf03217270 · Cited by 27
Movahed, R. (2014) · International Journal of English Linguistics · doi:10.5539/ijel.v4n2p88 · Cited by 35
“Flavell (1979) defines metacognition as to be aware of one’s own cognitive processes and products or everything else which is relevant like those aspects of information related to the learning process.”
BackgroundShamir, A., & Lifshitz, I. (2012) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2012.742746 · Cited by 27
“…in the area of emergent literacy and emergent math when compared with other children of the same age (Desoete and Roeyers 2002), students with LD exhibit shortfalls in metacognition, defined as knowledge about how to think as well as understanding about how to regulate thinking (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundDianovsky, M. T., & Wink, D. J. (2012) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21010 · Cited by 27
Investigating the Effect of School Ability on Self-efficacy, Learning Approaches, and Metacognition
Magno, C. (2009) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.3860/taper.v18i2.1325 · Cited by 28
“Awareness of one’s learning processes is referred to as metacognition, which involves knowledge about cognition in general, as well as awareness of the procedures to complete a given task (Flavell, 1979; Pintrich, 2002; Schraw & Dennison, 1994). Different studies commonly use metacognition as a predictor of different…”
BackgroundStrodl, E. S., Stewart, L., Mullens, A. B., & Deb, S. (2015) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102915581562 · Cited by 28
“Metacognition refers to the stored knowledge and experiences of thought processes and the strategies likely to reach one’s objective, and involves beliefs and appraisals of one’s cognitions (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundA metacognitive visuospatial working memory training for children
Caviola, S., Mammarella, I. C., Cornoldi, C., & Lucangeli, D. (2009) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · Cited by 27
Metacognitive Inventory for nursing students in Taiwan: instrument development and testing
Hsu, L. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05427.x · Cited by 27
Zhao, Q., & Linderholm, T. (2010) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-010-9065-1 · Cited by 27
Cognitive and regulatory characteristics and mathematical performance in high school students
Morosanova, V. I., Fomina, T. G., Kovas, Y. V., & Bogdanova, O. Y. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.034 · Cited by 27
Ersozlu, Z., & Yıldırım, S. (2013) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/eurasia.2013.946a · Cited by 27
“With the introduction of metacognition by Flavell (1979), the metacognitive parameters which influence the way individuals solve problems have been taken into account since 1980s and many scientists have combined metacognition and problem-solving and described metacognition as a key component of…”
Understanding Cognitive Language Learning Strategies
Carlo, S. D. (2017) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.2p.114 · Cited by 27
“A metastrategic control is constituted by metaknowledge conceptualized by Flavell (1979) plus a regulation system.”
MethodStudents’ Metacognitive Weaknesses in Academic Writing: A Preliminary Research
Ramadhanti, D., Ghazali, A. S., Hasanah, M., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v14i11.10213 · Cited by 27
The role of metacognition in reading comprehension
Kraayenoord, C. E. V., & Christina, E. (2010) · Cited by 27
Self-regulation and computer based learning
Steffens, K. (2001) · Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology · Cited by 27
The start-up phase in a research and development work project: A foundation for development
Postholm, M. B. (2007) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2007.08.001 · Cited by 27
Reciprocal Teaching and Transenvironmental Programming
Bruce, M. E., & Chan, L. K. S. (1991) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193259101200507 · Cited by 27
O mapa mental como metodologia ativa no ensino de leitura
Lessa, A. T. M., & dos Santos, C. (2023) · Scripta · doi:10.5752/p.2358-3428.2023v27n59p92-117 · Cited by 28
“John Flavell (1979), fundador da psicologia do desenvolvimento cognitivo social, chama essa capacidade do O mapa mental como metodologia ativa no ensino de leitura 97 SCRIPTA, v. 27, n. 59, p. 92-117, 1º quadrimestre de 2023 ser humano de monitorar e autorregular os processos cognitivos de…”
BackgroundWang, K., Zhang, L. J., & Cooper, M. R. (2024) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-024-00886-7 · Cited by 53
“Indeed, metacognition is essential in L2 learning and higher-order human cognitive processes, including writing in a foreign language (Flavell, 1979; Wenden, 1998; Xu, 2023).”
van Baalen, S., & Boon, M. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05913-1 · Cited by 26
Maalek, R. (2024) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14113642 · Cited by 30
“Diving In Deeper”: Bringing Basic Writers' Thinking to the Surface
Smith, C. H. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1598/jaal.53.8.5 · Cited by 26
“In other words, students must learn how to be metacognitive, which is to say they must learn to think about their thinking (Flavell, 1979; Flower, 1994; Paris, Lipson, & Wixson, 1994).”
BackgroundA Subtle View to Metacognitive Aspect of Mathematical Problems Solving
Kazemi, F., Fadaee, M. R., & Bayat, S. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.058 · Cited by 29
“Meta-cognition refers to one’s knowledge concerning his own cognitive processes and products, and to the active monitoring, consequent regulation, evaluation of cognitive activities (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundUsing metaphor to probe students' conceptions of chemistry learning
Thomas, G. P., & McRobbie, C. J. (1999) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/095006999290507 · Cited by 26
Processing Combinatorial Thinking
Hayashi, T., & Ohsawa, Y. (2013) · International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science · doi:10.4018/ijkss.2013070102 · Cited by 26
“Among other network-based visualizations that came into fashion after around year 2000, the features of KeyGraph are (1) it can extract and visualize the keywords which is low (including even zero) frequency but important in the document with respect to clusters of frequent events, and (2) the tool of KeyGraph evolved…”
MethodThe assessment-capable teacher: Are we all on the same page?
Booth, B., Hill, M., & Dixon, H. R. (2014) · Assessment Matters · doi:10.18296/am.0121 · Cited by 25
“It is concerned with active monitoring and regulation of the cognitive processes and is central to the ability to plan, problem solve, and evaluate (flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundUniversity Students' Level of Metacognitive Thinking and their Ability to Solve Problems
gheith, E. M. (2015) · Cited by 26
Metacognitive Support Accelerates Computer Assisted Learning for Novice Programmers
Rum, S. N. M., & Ismail, M. A. (2017) · Educational Technology & Society · Cited by 26
Kuzle, A. (2017) · Mathematics Education Research Journal · doi:10.1007/s13394-017-0227-1 · Cited by 32
Xu, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02201 · Cited by 26
“It was also clear that listening metacognitive awareness had significantly direct effect on listening test score, which supports the findings of Goh and Hu (2014). The mediation results showed that listening metacognitive awareness does not mediate the relationship between importance and listening test score, but medi…”
BackgroundResultBaars, M., van Gog, T., de Bruin, A. B. H., & PAAS, F. G. W. C. (2018) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.05.010 · Cited by 32
Metacognition in dogs: Do dogs know they could be wrong?
Belger, J., & Bräuer, J. (2018) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0367-5 · Cited by 28
“…ability to access, monitor, and control one’s own perceptual and cognitive processes and, thus, know about one’s own cognitive potentials as well as limitations (Flavell, 1979; Hertzog & Hultsch, 2000; Smith, Shields, &Washburn, 2003; Zohar, 1999) – are still widely debated (Rosati & Santos, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-regulated learning: Is understanding learning a first step?
Jeong, J., & Frye, D. A. (2019) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.12.007 · Cited by 26
The Effect of Metacognitive Ability on Learning Outcomes of Geography Education Students
Setiawan, F. A., Arisanty, D., Hastuti, K. P., et al. (2020) · Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) · doi:10.23917/ijolae.v2i2.9257 · Cited by 26
“These two subcomponents are related to each other (Flavell,1979; Schraw & Dennison, 1994).”
BackgroundCultural Competency Training and Evaluation Methods Across Dietetics Education: A Narrative Review
McCabe, C. F., O’Brien-Combs, A., & Anderson, O. S. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.014 · Cited by 26
Self-Awareness Deficits of Cognitive Impairment in Individuals With Schizophrenia. Really?
Raffard, S., Lebrun, C., Bayard, S., Macgregor, A., & Capdevielle, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00731 · Cited by 26
Martirosov, A. L., & Moser, L. R. (2020) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe848112 · Cited by 28
“It can be described more specifically as ‘the ability to monitor thinking to use skills and strategies appropriately to achieve a desirable outcome,’ which is crucial in controlling and guiding thinking.(2,3) Metacognition consists of three components, including knowledge, monitoring, and control.”
BackgroundThe role of metacognition in the first-year design lab
Kavousi, S., Miller, P. A., & Alexander, P. A. (2020) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09848-4 · Cited by 26
“Due to the contribution of metacognitive research to the psychology of teaching creative skills (Flavell 1979, 1981; Lawson 2006), creative thinking can be defined as a metacognitive process.”
BackgroundÇini, A., Malmberg, J., & Järvelä, S. (2020) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2020.1834359 · Cited by 29
“Flavell (1979) described metacognition as “knowledge and cognitions about cognitive phenomena” (p. 206).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLavis, L., & Mahy, C. E. V. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105117 · Cited by 26
“Metacognition, the knowledge and regulation of one’s cognitive activity (Flavell, 1979), is often separated into two components: metacognitive monitoring that allows a child to assess mental states and metacognitive control to adapt behavior according to monitoring signals (Nelson & Narens, 1990;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Role of Language Teacher Metacognition and Executive Function in Exemplary Classroom Practice
Hiver, P. V., Solarte, A. C. S., Whiteside, Z., KIM, C. J., & Whitehead, G. E. K. (2021) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12707 · Cited by 27
Metacognition and self-concept: Elaborating on a construct relation in first-grade children
Dapp, L. C., & Roebers, C. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250845 · Cited by 27
“Broadly defined, metacognition refers to an individuals’ knowledge about cognition and any cognitive activity that regulates cognitive processes [1].”
BackgroundLanguage Learning Strategies Used by Form 4 Esl Learners to Develop Speaking Skills
John, E., Rangasamy, D., Indiran, D., Adickalam, E. R., Kashinathan, S., & Hashim, H. B. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10040 · Cited by 26
“The self-knowledge (Flavell, 1979) helps them in weighing the pros and cons of a learning situation.”
BackgroundWu, H., Fung, B. J., & Mobbs, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791835 · Cited by 30
“Meta-cognition refers to our second order thoughts, that is, perceptions and beliefs about our own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979; Nelson and Narens, 1990).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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