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Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
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Direct and indirect admission of ignorance by children
Kloo, D., Rohwer, M., & Perner, J. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2017.02.014 · Cited by 32
The relation between cognitive and metacognitive strategic processing during a science simulation
Dinsmore, D. L., & Zoellner, B. P. (2017) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12177 · Cited by 39
Analisis kemampuan metakognitif siswa SMA kelas XI program IPA dalam pemecahan masalah matematika
Suryaningtyas, S., & Setyaningrum, W. (2020) · Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika · doi:10.21831/jrpm.v7i1.16049 · Cited by 32
Lysaker, P. H., Irarrázaval, L., Gagen, E. C., Armijo, I., Ballerini, M., Mancini, M., & Stanghellini, G. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.049 · Cited by 35
The influence of metacognition in mathematical problem solving
Izzati, L. R., & Mahmudi, A. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012107 · Cited by 32
Morris, M. W., Savani, K., & Fincher, K. M. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000149 · Cited by 35
The impact of peer corrective feedback on vocabulary development
Sippel, L. (2019) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/flan.12416 · Cited by 37
Anosognosia in patients with Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives
Tagai, K., Nagata, T., Shinagawa, S., & Shigeta, M. (2020) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12507 · Cited by 33
Oxman, A. D., & García, L. M. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.21858.1 · Cited by 27
Salam, M., Misu, L., Rahim, U., Hindaryatiningsih, N., Dr., U. H. O., GHANI, A. R. A., & Prof., U. M. P. D. H. J. (2020) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2020.1325a · Cited by 32
Menekse, M., Anwar, S., & Akdemir, Z. G. (2022) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2020.1786346 · Cited by 32
“Metacognition can be broadly defined as an iterative reasoning process and the regulation of the thinking process (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundBennett, D., Knight, E., Dockery, A., & Bawa, S. (2020) · Higher Education Pedagogies · doi:10.1080/23752696.2020.1847162 · Cited by 30
“Metacognition was first presented by Flavell (1979) as the knowledge and regulation of cognition.”
BackgroundBayard, N. S., van Loon, M. H., Steiner, M., & Roebers, C. M. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13486 · Cited by 44
“individual-related and task-related knowledge) and procedural metacognitive skills (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMetacognition: Conceptual Framework
(2020) · i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology · doi:10.26634/jpsy.14.1.16710 · Cited by 33
Meta-Affective Behaviour within an Intelligent Tutoring System for Mathematics
Rebolledo‐Mendez, G., Huerta-Pacheco, N. S., Baker, R. S., & du Boulay, B. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00247-1 · Cited by 32
“To support this claim, we postulate that meta-affect, much like meta-cognition (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1979), can be defined as the knowledge about and regulation of one’s affect during learning.”
Supporting student reflective practices through modelling-based learning assignments
Jaiswal, A., Lyon, J. A., Zhang, Y., & Magana, A. J. (2021) · European Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1080/03043797.2021.1952164 · Cited by 35
“On a long-term scale, metacognition growth is crucial for developing personalities to fulfil oneself and have the ability to do tasks through day-to-day interactions and activities (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundSuryanto, H., Degeng, I. N. S., Djatmika, E. T., & Kuswandi, D. (2021) · Creativity Studies · doi:10.3846/cs.2021.12364 · Cited by 66
“Metacognition is an important learner characteristic because it involves the process of thinking about thinking (Carver & Scheier, 2005; Flavell, 1979; Isari et al., 2016; Schult et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMetacognition as a Consequence of Competing Evolutionary Time Scales
Kuchling, F., Fields, C., & Levin, M. G. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24050601 · Cited by 30
Yau, J. C. (2009) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-009-9046-4 · Cited by 33
Child witnesses’ metamemory realism
Allwood, C. M., Granhag, P. A., & Jonsson, A. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00530.x · Cited by 32
A brief questionnaire on metacognition: Psychometric properties
Klusmann, V., Evers, A. W. M., Schwarzer, R., et al. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.583624 · Cited by 32
“Over 30 years ago the concept of metacognition was established as ‘knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena’ (Flavell, 1979, p. 906).”
BackgroundThe relationship between metacognitions and insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Önen, S., Uğurlu, G. K., & Çayköylü, A. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.11.006 · Cited by 31
“Metacognition encompasses the knowledge, processes and strategies that appraise, monitor or control thinking [3,4,6,7].”
BackgroundMetacognitive prediction and evaluation skills and mathematical learning in third-grade students
Desoete, A. (2009) · Educational Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/13803610903444485 · Cited by 32
“Metacognition has been described as having three facets, namely metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences, and metacognitive skills (Efklides, 2001, 2008; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMorson, S. M., Moulin, C. J. A., & Souchay, C. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.014 · Cited by 33
“Related memory processes involving the knowledge and control of memory, termed metamemory (Flavell, 1979), may also be affected by ageing.”
A Conceptual Framework for Developing a Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale
Nair, G. G., & Stamler, L. L. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20120215-01 · Cited by 32
Pei, L. (2014) · Journal of Language Teaching and Research · doi:10.4304/jltr.5.5.1147-1152 · Cited by 32
“According to Flavell (1979), metacognition consists of both metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation.”
BackgroundTheodosiou, A., Mantis, K., & Papaioannou, A. G. (2008) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.5897/err.9000307 · Cited by 32
Self-assessment of knowledge and abilities : A literature study
Sundström, A. E. (2005) · Cited by 32
The Importance of Personality Traits in Students Perceptions of Metacognitive Awareness
Ÿz, H. (2016) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.090 · Cited by 33
“Substantial research in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) and other disciplines have also established the importance of metacognition in educational settings (Anderson, 2012; Flavell, 1976, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Wenden, 1998, 1999; Zhang & Goh, 2006).”
BackgroundSmith, A. K., Black, S., & Hooper, L. M. (2017) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085917714511 · Cited by 33
“Children are motivated and have natural inclinations to make sense of their environment by constructing, interpreting, and understanding their experiences, while adapting to new information (Bandura, 2001; Flavell, 1979; Zimmerman, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialder Horst, C. A. V., & Albertyn, R. (2018) · SA Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.951 · Cited by 38
“As a metacognitive process, it is used to acquire and understand knowledge, suspend judgement and maintain real-time consciousness of how culture influences the mental process and behaviour of oneself and others in intercultural situations (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMethodPanaoura, A., & Philippou, G. (2003) · Proceedings of the ... PME Conference · Cited by 32
Relations between intelligence and the development of metaconceptual knowledge
Alexander, J. M., Johnson, K. E., Albano, J., Freygang, T., & Scott, B. M. (2006) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-006-6586-8 · Cited by 32
“While researchers continue to debate the actual number of subdomains (c.f., Brown, Bransford, Ferrara & Campione, 1983; Flavell, 1979 ), most researchers accept a definition including three elements: 1) declarative metacognitive knowledge, 2) cognitive monitoring, and 3) regulation of strategies (Alexander, Carr, & Sc…”
BackgroundEXPERIENTIAL STRUCTURALISM AND NEO‐PIAGETIAN THEORIES: TOWARD AN INTEGRATED MODEL
Δημητρίου, Α., & Efklides, A. (1987) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207598708246799 · Cited by 32
Identifying cultural differences in metacognition.
van der Plas, E., Zhang, S., Dong, K., Bang, D., Li, J., Wright, N. D., & Fleming, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0001209 · Cited by 32
Macaluso, J. A., Beuford, R. R., & Fraundorf, S. H. (2022) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence10040083 · Cited by 35
Does Metacognition Matter in Creative Problem‐Solving? A Mixed‐Methods Analysis of Writing
Urban, M., & Urban, K. (2024) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.630 · Cited by 36
Using Educational Chatbots with Metacognitive Feedback to Improve Science Learning
Yin, J., Zhu, Y., Goh, T., Wu, W., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14209345 · Cited by 39
Meynadier, J., Malouff, J. M., Schutte, N. S., Loi, N. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01440-8 · Cited by 45
“Metacognitions can be broadly defined as knowledge that an individual has about their own cognitions, motivations, and emotions (Flavell, 1979).”
Böke, H., Aygün, Y., Tüfekçi, Ş., Yağın, F. H., Canpolat, B., Norman, G., Prieto-González, P., & Ardigò, L. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508808 · Cited by 131
Theory of mind and children’s understanding of teaching and learning during early childhood
Wang, Z. (2015) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2015.1011973 · Cited by 35
“Seeing other people as a source of knowledge, according to Flavell and Miller (1998), requires children “to be aware of the knowledge state of the other person and that such knowledge may or may not be the same as their own” (p.”
BackgroundUnique contributions of metacognition and cognition to depressive symptoms
Yilmaz, A. E., Gençöz, T., & Wells, A. (2015) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2014.964658 · Cited by 31
“Metacognition refers to the aspect of the information processing system that monitors, appraises, and controls thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundExploring metacognitive strategy use during note-taking for students with learning disabilities
Boyle, J. R., Rosen, S. M., & Forchelli, G. A. (2014) · Education 3-13 · doi:10.1080/03004279.2014.929722 · Cited by 31
“I can remember organised information better than unorganised) and strategies (e.g. if I cannot write down everything during a lecture, I will just write the vocabulary word and come back later to write out its definition) (Flavell 1979).”
Thomas, G., & Anderson, D. (2013) · Learning Environments Research · doi:10.1007/s10984-013-9153-7
Arslan, S. (2015) · Malaysian online journal of educational sciences · Cited by 31
Reflection and assessment for learning in science enrichment courses for the gifted
Miedijensky, S., & Tal, T. (2016) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.05.001 · Cited by 32
A Comparison of the Self-regulated Skills in Science Learning of Gifted and Non-gifted Students
Tortop, H. S. (2015) · Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists · doi:10.17478/jegys.2015112017 · Cited by 31
“Flavell (1979) explained this concept as the individual’s own thinking way and behaviours to be organized and to be aware of by them.”
BackgroundInsights into Finnish first-year pre-service teachers’ twenty-first century skills
Valtonen, T., Sointu, E. T., Kukkonen, J., Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., Ahonen, A. K., Näykki, P., Pöysä‐Tarhonen, J., & Mäkitalo‐Siegl, K. (2016) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-016-9529-2 · Cited by 46
“Whereas, metacognitive learning strategies involve purposefully planning, executing, and monitoring learning tasks by attending to and evaluating the degree to which new information is being understood, integrated, and retained (Flavell 1979).”
Pantiwati, Y. (2015) · JURNAL BIOEDUKATIKA · doi:10.26555/bioedukatika.v3i1.4144 · Cited by 31
Kim, J. H. (2017) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.006 · Cited by 34
“Metacognition refers to thoughts about thoughts (Flavell, 1979) or the knowledge and regulation of one's own cognition (Nelson and Narens, 1994).”
BackgroundLucangeli, D., Fastame, M. C., Pedron, M., et al. (2019) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/s11858-019-01044-w · Cited by 31
Ghafoor, H., Ahmad, R. A., Nordbeck, P., Ritter, O., Pauli, P., & Schulz, S. M. (2019) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12381 · Cited by 32
Ng, D. W. L., Foo, C. C., Ng, S. S. M., Kwong, A., Suen, D. T. K., Chan, M. C., Or, A., Chun, O. K., Fielding, B. F. S., & Lam, W. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5234 · Cited by 34
“Metacognition, refers to individual beliefs or knowledge regarding one's own cognitive processes.(6) The S-REF model postulates that certain metacognitive beliefs about the value of worry (eg, worrying is dangerous) may underlie a particular pattern of information processing, known as cognitive attentional syndrome (C…”
BackgroundMetacognitive Development and Conceptual Change in Children
Smortchkova, J., & Shea, N. J. (2020) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-020-00477-7 · Cited by 31
“The idea that developmental changes in metacognition drive changes in cognitive performance in general has long been a mainstay of educational psychology (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundEffects of Metacognitive Strategy Training on Chinese Listening Comprehension
Liu, Y. (2020) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages5020021 · Cited by 42
“Flavell (1979) defined metacognition as a cognitive monitoring model and categorized it into four interacted components: Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences, tasks, and strategies.”
BackgroundDignath, C., & Sprenger, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.585683 · Cited by 40
“Metacognition involves metacognitive knowledge that consists of knowledge of strategy, task, and person variables (Flavell, 1979), metacognitive experience that affects the learner’s self-concept and the causal attributions (Efklides, 2011), and metacognitive strategies that explain how…”
Remodeling writers’ composing processes: Implications for writing assessment
Abdel Latif, M. M. M. (2021) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2021.100547 · Cited by 31
Language Studies Working Papers
Ciarlo, C., & Giannoni, D. S. (2013) · Cited by 31
Aleven, V. A. W. M. M. (2013) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5546-3_21 · Cited by 31
Creativity, Requirements and Perspectives
Hoffmann, O., Cropley, D. H., Cropley, A. J., Nguyen, L., & Swatman, P. A. (2005) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v13i1.69 · Cited by 31
Psycho‐pedagogy and personalised learning
Burton, D. (2007) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607470601098245 · Cited by 31
“This metacognitive approach, originated by Flavell (1979), has in some circles been dubbed ‘learnacy’, a product perhaps of the tendency to think that ideas are only accessible if they are reduced to sound bites or tabloid shorthand.”
MethodAn Investigation of Teacher Candidates’ Metacognitive Skills
Demirel, M., Aşkın, İ., & Yağcı, E. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.783 · Cited by 31
Jokić, C. S., & Whitebread, D. (2010) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-010-9148-1 · Cited by 37
“It has been traditionally described as being comprised of metacognitive experience, or the on-line monitoring and reflection upon mental processes; metacognitive control, or the regulation of mental processes; and metacognitive knowledge (Brown 1987; Flavell 1979 ).”
BackgroundIncorporating metacognition into learning
Mani, M., & Mazumder, Q. H. (2013) · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) · doi:10.1145/2445196.2445218 · Cited by 32
“General Terms Measurement, Experimentation, Human Factors.”
BackgroundMethodWhat do low-dysfunctional beliefs obsessive–compulsive disorder subgroups believe?
Chik, H. M., Calamari, J. E., Rector, N. A., & Riemann, B. C. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.006 · Cited by 35
Ersozlu, Z., & Arslan, M. (2009) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623940903290752 · Cited by 31
“Metacognition can be defined as the process a person uses to think about his or her own thinking and learning phases (Flavell, 1979, Garner, 1987).”
Reflection at the Crossroads of Cultures
Lin, X., & Schwartz, D. L. (2003) · Mind Culture and Activity · doi:10.1207/s15327884mca1001_03 · Cited by 35
“Metacognition is the monitoring and regulating one’s cognitive functioning (Brown, 1987; Flavell, 1979).”
Metamemory and prospective memory in Parkinson's disease.
Smith, S. J., Souchay, C., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0025475 · Cited by 31
Self‐regulation and metacognition in young children: Does it matter if adults are present or not?
Robson, S. (2015) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.3205 · Cited by 31
Serotonergic modulation of spatial working memory: predictions from a computational network model
Cano-Colino, M., Almeida, R., & Compte, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00071 · Cited by 34
“…studies have investigated neuromodulation of SWM by the indolamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) (Park et al., 1994; Luciana et al., 1998, 2001; Vollenweider et al., 1998; Carter et al., 2005; Wingen et al., 2007; Wittmann et al., 2007; Mendelsohn et al., 2009; Silber and Schmitt, 2010).”
BackgroundMetacognitive Aspects of Solving Function Problems
Şengül, S., & Katrancı, Y. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.450 · Cited by 31
“According to Flavell (1979), metacognition is a system which organizes information, experiences, objectives and strategies.”
BackgroundSequential responding and planning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
Beran, M. J., & Parrish, A. E. (2012) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-012-0532-8 · Cited by 31
“Keywords Planning Capuchin monkeys Cebus apella Computer testing Sequence learning”
BackgroundMethodScaffolding executive function capabilities via play-&-learn software for preschoolers.
Axelsson, A., Andersson, R., & Gulz, A. (2016) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000099 · Cited by 31
Peer Feedback Practice in EFL Tertiary Writing Classes
Nguyen, H. T. (2016) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v9n6p76 · Cited by 34
“Originally, the notion of metacognition is defined by Flavell (1979) as the human ability to reflect on one’s knowledge and control one’s knowledge and thinking.”
BackgroundZohar, A. E. (2011) · Contemporary trends and issues in science education · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2132-6_9 · Cited by 36
Connor, C. M., Phillips, B. M., Kim, Y. G., Lonigan, C. J., Kaschak, M. P., Crowe, E. C., Dombek, J., & Otaiba, S. A. (2018) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2018.1481409 · Cited by 35
“Metacognitive skills, or the conscious thinking about thinking (Flavell, 1979), support students’ reading for understanding.”
BackgroundA Study on the Sustainable Growth of SMEs: The Mediating Role of Organizational Metacognition
Yoo, W., Choo, H., & Lee, S. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10082829 · Cited by 31
“Metacognitive monitoring refers to the processes that allow the individual to observe, reflect on, or experience his or her own cognitive processes [32].”
BackgroundWork-related learning in higher education
Moreland, N. (2005) · Cited by 33
Children’s Metacognition and Theory of Mind: Bridging the Gap
Misailidi, P. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6546-2_13 · Cited by 32
Craig, M. T., & Yore, L. D. (1995) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/0270271950160203 · Cited by 32
Effects of learning contexts on implicit and explicit learning
Lee, Y. (1995) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03200925 · Cited by 31
Hsieh, P. (2004) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 31
Language Awareness in Multilinguals: Theoretical Trends
Jessner, U. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_161 · Cited by 31
Adrian Wells, A. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118001851.ch4 · Cited by 44
Prather, J., Margulieux, L., Whalley, J., Denny, P., Reeves, B. N., Becker, B. A., Singh, P., Powell, G., & Bosch, N. (2022) · Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1 · doi:10.1145/3501385.3543970 · Cited by 31
“The first comes from Flavell in 1979 [19], which he described as cognition that regulates any aspect of cognitive control.”
BackgroundPensar la Historia con el Deseo: Metacognición, Motivación y Comprensión Histórica
Martínez, C. D. G. (2019) · Revista Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.15446/rcp.v28n1.70763 · Cited by 34
Love, S., Truelove, V., Rowland, B., Kannis‐Dymand, L., Ross, D., Sullman, M. J. M., & Davey, J. D. (2023) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2023.01.002 · Cited by 30
List, A., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09756-y · Cited by 38
Reappraising reappraisal: an expanded view
Uusberg, A., Ford, B. Q., Uusberg, H., & Gross, J. J. (2023) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2023.2208340 · Cited by 30
“Representations can denote states of the environment (i.e. object-level representations), or states of the mind (i.e. meta-level representations; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundInvestigating the impact of cognitive biases in radiologists’ image interpretation: A scoping review
Chen, J., Gandomkar, Z., & Reed, W. M. (2023) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111013 · Cited by 31
Pantiwati, Y. (2013) · UMM Institutional Repository (University of Maine at Machias) · Cited by 30
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“including systems thinking (Sturmberg and Martin 2013; Wenger 2010), cognitive theory (de Bruin and van Gog 2012; Flavell 1979; Schmidt et al. 1990) and social learning theories (Lave and Wenger 1991; Wertsch 1985).”
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An exploration of metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in bipolar disorder
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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