The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
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Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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Hallam, S. (2010) · Vernon Wall Lecture · doi:10.53841/bpsvern.2010.1.29.1 · Cited by 21
“Metacognition is defined as ‘cognition about cognition’, or ‘knowing about knowing’ (Flavell, 1976, 1979) and refers to personal knowledge concerning one’s own cognitive processes or anything related to them (Brown, 1987).”
BackgroundSelf-Monitoring and Self-Regulation of University Students in Text Comprehension
Балашов, Е. М., Pasichnyk, I., & Kalamazh, R. (2018) · PSYCHOLINGUISTICS · doi:10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-1-47-62 · Cited by 21
“The terms «metacognition» and «metamemory» were originally presented by J. Flavell (1976, 1979).”
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Wright, A. C., Mueser, K. T., McGurk, S. R., Fowler, D. G., & Greenwood, K. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2019.100141 · Cited by 21
“Metacognition is broadly defined as ‘thinking about thinking’ (Flavell, 1979; Semerari et al., 2003), and has been shown to be poor in individuals with psychosis (Lysaker et al., 2005).”
Camp, L. S. C. V., Sabbe, B., & Oldenburg, J. F. E. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.06.001 · Cited by 23
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“Defined as “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena” (Flavell, 1979, p. 906), metacognition can be conceptualized as including knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Tarricone, 2011).”
BackgroundBarber, A. T., Klauda, S. L., & Stapleton, L. M. (2020) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-020-10034-4 · Cited by 27
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Use of Exam Wrapper Metacognitive Strategy to Promote Student Self-assessment of Learning
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Schoor, C., Rouet, J., Artelt, C., Mahlow, N., Hahnel, C., Kroehne, U., & Goldhammer, F. (2021) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102018 · Cited by 23
Metacognition, psychopathology and daily functioning in adult ADHD
Butzbach, M., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Aschenbrenner, S., Weisbrod, M., Tucha, L., & Tucha, O. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2021.1940104 · Cited by 22
“Other conceptualizations emphasize the distinction of “knowledge of cognition” and “regulation of cognition” as central components of metacognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Dennison, 1994).”
BackgroundBraund, H., & Timmons, K. (2021) · International journal of child care and education policy/International journal of child care and education · doi:10.1186/s40723-021-00085-7 · Cited by 39
“Metacognitive knowledge are the general thoughts and beliefs that a learner has about their cognitive processes (Efklides, 2006; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundPedrosa, D., Fontes, M. M., Araujo, T., Morais, C. G. B., Bettencourt, T., Pestaña, P., Morgado, L. C., & Cravino, J. (2021) · International Conference of the Portuguese Society for Engineering Education (CISPEE) · doi:10.1109/cispee47794.2021.9507230 · Cited by 23
“Metacognition is ”thinking about thinking” [16], a continuous dynamic between monitoring and the capacity for self-judgment about the cognitive processes, and control the ability to use these judgments to change behaviour [17].”
BackgroundTang, K. (2021) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2021.100977 · Cited by 23
Osterhage, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education · doi:10.1128/jmbe.00139-21 · Cited by 21
“Metacognition, simply defined as the ability to think about one’s own thinking (4), consists of two key elements: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation (5).”
BackgroundLehmann, T. (2021) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-021-00577-7 · Cited by 21
Metacognition in Science Learning: Bibliometric Analysis of Last Two Decades
Wirzal, M. D. H., Halim, N. S. A., Nordin, N. A. H. M., & Bustam, M. A. (2022) · Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan e-Saintika · doi:10.36312/esaintika.v6i1.665 · Cited by 26
“Thinking about thinking (Lai, 2011) or the ability to control and monitor the cognitive process (Flavell, 1979; Schraw et al., 2012) was the definition of metacognition that is usually found in many pieces of literature.”
BackgroundInfluentialAdjustment to higher education among students with mental health disorders
Zorach, I. A., & Lipka, O. (2022) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2022.2052815 · Cited by 23
Research on the Influence Path of Metacognitive Reading Strategies on Scientific Literacy
Xie, Y. L., Wang, J., Li, S., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11050078 · Cited by 22
“Flavell (1979) first proposed the concept of metacognition and defined it as the awareness of one’s cognitive processes and products, as well as the control and regulation of these mental activities and strategies.”
BackgroundTeng, M. F., & Wu, J. G. (2023) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-023-00727-z · Cited by 34
“, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences, and metacognitive strategies (Flavell, 1979).”
The Relationship between Executive Functions and Metacognition in College Students
Wu, M., & Was, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11120220 · Cited by 24
“Metacognition refers to the knowledge of and control over one’s own cognition (Flavell 1979) and is often perceived as a higher-order self-reflective cognitive process that monitors and regulates cognition (Schneider 2011).”
BackgroundThingbak, A., Capobianco, L., Adrian Wells, A., & O’Toole, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.123 · Cited by 35
Tactical Military Leader Requisite Complexity: Toward a Referent Structure
Hannah, S. T., Jennings, P. L., & Nobel, O. B. (2010) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2010.513253 · Cited by 23
“TACTICAL MILITARY LEADER REQUISITE COMPLEXITY 417 Metacognitive Skills Metacognition is the awareness and control of one’s cognition (Flavell, 1979; Nelson & Narens, 1990).”
BackgroundAmzil, A. (2013) · Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology · doi:10.5539/jedp.v4n1p27 · Cited by 25
“1 Metacognition According to Flavell (1979), metacognition involves two main facets: (1) knowledge or awareness of cognitive processes, and (2) executive control over cognitive processes.”
BackgroundA behavioural theory of the fund management firm
Holland, J. (2014) · European Journal of Finance · doi:10.1080/1351847x.2014.924078 · Cited by 22
Pang, K. (2010) · Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) · doi:10.19030/tlc.v7i4.112 · Cited by 23
“Research has demonstrated that active learning promotes the development of self-regulation and self-facilitation skills (Ivancic & Hesketh, 2000) which are the main components of metacognition (Flavell, 1979; Brown, 1987).”
Influence of the context of learning a language on the strategic competence of children
Pichon, E. L., de Swart, H., Vorstman, J. A. S., & van den Bergh, H. (2010) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006910370921 · Cited by 23
“The concept of metacognition was developed along the same lines (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundBonfils, K. A., Luther, L., George, S. E., Buck, K. D., & Lysaker, P. H. (2016) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000599 · Cited by 21
“The termmetacognition was originally used in the education literature (Flavell, 1979) but has since evolved to encompass a spectrum of psychological functions.”
Tanaka, K., Dam, H., Kobayashi, S., Hashimoto, T., & Ikeda, M. (2016) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.107 · Cited by 24
Behavior planning of intelligent agent with sign world model
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Perdue, B. M., Beran, M. J., & Washburn, D. A. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.12.019 · Cited by 25
Davies, G., Rae, C. L., Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Medford, N., Critchley, H., & Greenwood, K. (2018) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2018.1444597 · Cited by 19
“Metacognition refers to “thinking about thinking” (Flavell, 1979) and is a fundamental component of higher-order cognition (Rosenthal, 2000) facilitating successful learning and completion of daily tasks.”
BackgroundScandurra, C., Picariello, S., Scafaro, D., Bochicchio, V., Valerio, P., & Amodeo, A. (2018) · Europe's Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i2.1528 · Cited by 22
“Metacognitive skills are conceptualized as an individual’s knowledge and regulation over one’s own cognitions (Flavell, 1979) and they lead to monitor progress through goals, to identify strengths and weaknesses, and to modify learning strategies in agreement with more favorable outcomes (Ford,…”
BackgroundInfluentialSalvador, S. L., Pastrana, M. R., & Prieto, J. M. M. (2019) · Revista eureka sobre enseñanza y divulgación de las ciencias · doi:10.25267/rev_eureka_ensen_divulg_cienc.2019.v16.i2.2501 · Cited by 21
“Así, es notorio que el modelo propuesto persigue la metacognición, el conocimiento y la regulación de los procesos cognitivos (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundEvaluation of Self-generated Behavior: Untangling Metacognitive Readout and Error Detection
Kononowicz, T. W., & van Wassenhove, V. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01442 · Cited by 24
Empirical exploration of air traffic and human dynamics in terminal airspaces
Yang, L., Yin, S., Hu, M., et al. (2017) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2017.08.007 · Cited by 21
“In the following discussion we present some novel findings on ATCOs’ performance, which reflect their metacognition (Flavell, 1979) dynamics.”
BackgroundHamiddin, H., & Saukah, A. (2020) · Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.17509/ijal.v9i3.23211 · Cited by 21
“Metacognitive involves three categories, such as person, task, and strategy (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundUsing a “Think Aloud” protocol to understand meta-attention in club-level golfers
Oliver, A., McCarthy, P. J., & Burns, L. (2020) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2020.1766536 · Cited by 21
“Metacognition goes beyond cognition, is a higher-level cognitive function and is sometimes referred to as cognition about cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundToward Metacognitive Radars: Concept and Applications
Mishra, K. V., Shankar, M., & Ottersten, B. (2020) · IEEE International Radar Conference · doi:10.1109/radar42522.2020.9114713 · Cited by 21
Digital gaming and metacognition in middle childhood
Ricker, A. A., & Richert, R. A. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106593 · Cited by 21
A framework for identifying and promoting metacognitive knowledge and control in online discussants
Murphy, E. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology · doi:10.21432/t2sw2v · Cited by 21
“They simply categorized messages as Mc knowledge according to Flavell’s (1979) and Brown’s (1987) person, task and strategy variables, or as Mc skills (Flavell, 1979; Brown, 1987; Schraw & Dennison, 1994) or as not Mc. Choi, Land and Turgeon (2005) presented “a peer-questioning scaffolding…”
MethodKesici, Ş., Erdoğan, A., & Kozan, H. İ. Ö. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.165 · Cited by 24
Metacognitive Strategy Training and Vocabulary Learning of Chinese College Students
Zhao, N. (2009) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v2n4p123 · Cited by 21
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“Human beings rich in metacognitive awareness are proficient at directing their progress towards targets, finding out their qualities and shortcomings, and adapting their learning strategies appropriately to obtain beneficial outcomes (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTavakoli, M., Shahraki, S. H., & Rezazadeh, M. (2019) · Journal of Language Teaching and Learning · doi:10.66887/jltl.v2i2.100 · Cited by 21
“Metacognitive knowledge consists primarily of knowledge and beliefs about three factors, i.e. task, person, and strategic knowledge, which interact during any cognitive activity (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundYürük, N. (2007) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/ejmste/75411 · Cited by 22
“…reading strategies, monitoring and regulating the execution of those strategies, awareness and employment of heuristics, one’s knowledge about the limitations of his/her memory or learning styles as metacognitive (see Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1979; Garner, 1987; Hacker, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995).”
BackgroundMilicevic, A., Milton, I., & O’Loughlin, C. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2016.08.001 · Cited by 24
Khan, M. J., & Rasheed, S. (2019) · Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.1.12 · Cited by 21
“…knowledge defines as one's knowledge about his cognitive strategies and skills, and awareness about what to do in different situations (Flavell, 1979) while the ability to utilize meta-cognitive knowledge, on the other hand, is called meta-cognitive control which is the second…”
BackgroundYorke, M. (2005) · Tertiary Education and Management · doi:10.1007/s11233-005-5110-z · Cited by 21
The Effect of Social Influences and General Metacognitive Knowledge on Metamemory Judgments
Filho, M. K. D. C., & Yuzawa, M. (2001) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.2000.1077 · Cited by 21
Young children's problem-solving strategies: An observational study
Burns, M. S., Haywood, H. C., & Delclos, V. R. (1987) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0193-3973(87)90024-4 · Cited by 21
Composing in Technological Contexts
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Defining Reading Disability Using a Multifaceted Approach
Pereira-Laird, J., Deane, F. P., & Bunnell, J. K. (1999) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1511152 · Cited by 21
“The distinction between cognitive and metacognitive strategies has also been unclear, but Flavell (1979) states that "Cognitive strategies are involved to make cognitive progress, metacognitive strategies to monitor it" (p.”
BackgroundIntentionale Steuerung kognitiver Prozesse
Kluwe, R. H. (1997) · Kognitionswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s001970050030 · Cited by 21
The virtual academy: A simulated environment for constructionist learning
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"Past experience, cultural intelligence, and satisfaction with international business studies"
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Lee, H.-Y., Chen, P.-H., Lin, C.-J., Huang, Y.-M., & Wu, T.-T. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13733-z · Cited by 21
“This approach, consistent with Metacognitive theory (Flavell, 1979), proved more effective than traditional guided reflection, which often relies on predefined questions that may not adequately capture individual learners’ thought processes and challenges (Sweet, 2022 ).”
van Loon, M., & Roebers, C. M. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09400-2 · Cited by 19
Gamby, S., & Bauer, C. F. (2022) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-022-00376-6 · Cited by 36
“Flavell (1979) is credited with introducing the term metacognition, which is regarded generally as thinking about one’s thinking.”
BackgroundMetacognitive training for psychosis (MCT): a systematic meta-review of its effectiveness
Meinhart, A., Sauvé, G., Schmueser, A., Penney, D., Berna, F. S., Gawęda, Ł., Lamarca, M., Moritz, S., Ochoa, S., König, C., et al. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03344-0 · Cited by 23
“The core principles and objectives of MCT relate to the concept of metacognition or the act of “ thinking about thinking ” [16].”
Kim, T., Usman, U., Garvey, A. M., & Duhachek, A. (2025) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.70008 · Cited by 33
Chang, C., & Chang, C. (2014) · The EuroCALL Review · doi:10.4995/eurocall.2014.3636 · Cited by 20
Rogaten, J., & Moneta, G. B. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9765-6 · Cited by 21
“that enable an individual to interpret and modify one's own thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundApplication of Integrative Metacognitive Psychotherapy for Serious Mental Illness
Hamm, J. A., & Lysaker, P. H. (2018) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20180033 · Cited by 20
Student-Centered Teaching in Paleontology and Geoscience Classrooms
Dahl, R. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108681483 · Cited by 19
Exploring the effects of cognitive remediation on metacognition in people with schizophrenia
Cella, M., Edwards, C., Swan, S., Elliot, K., Reeder, C., & Wykes, T. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808719826846 · Cited by 19
“While all definitions largely revolve around Flavell’s original conceptualization of metacognition as the cognitive processes that relate to “thinking about thinking” (Flavell, 1979), there are many subtle and sometime key differences in the way this term is used.”
BackgroundMathematics Education, U. H. O., Misu, L., Budayasa, I. K., Lukito, A., Hasnawati, H., Mathematics Education, U. H. O., Rahim, U., & Mathematics Education, U. H. O. (2019) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2019.12329a · Cited by 23
“The metacognition profile in comprehending the integral concept is reviewed in two categories: cognitive knowledge consists of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and conditional knowledge (Flavell, 1979), and metacognition skills comprising planning, monitoring and evaluating (Dawson, 2008, Curriculum (PPK)…”
BackgroundCalibration in multiple text use
Wang, Y., & List, A. (2019) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-019-09201-y · Cited by 21
“…students’monitoring of their performance during the course of task completion, allowing students to better identify potential gaps in understanding and to deploy strategies, aimed at improving comprehension, accordingly (Baker 1989; Flavell 1979; Glenberg and Epstein 1985; Huff and Nietfeld 2009).”
BackgroundEvidence for Age-Equivalent and Task-Dissociative Metacognition in the Memory Domain
Zakrzewski, A. C., Sanders, E. C., & Berry, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630143 · Cited by 19
“…associative recognition, metacognition, metacognitive efficiency, associative deficit hypothesis INTRODUCTION Metacognition or “thoughts about one’s own thoughts and cognition” (Flavell, 1979) includes monitoring judgments about how well one learns, solves problems, reasons, and retrieves memories.”
BackgroundTashiro, J., Parga, D., Pollard, J. A., & Talanquer, V. (2021) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d0rp00255k · Cited by 21
Students’ Verbalized Metacognition During Computerized Learning
Bosch, N., Zhang, Y.-B., Paquette, L., Baker, R., Ocumpaugh, J. L., & Biswas, G. (2021) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445809 · Cited by 23
“Based on previous theoretical and empirical work [20, 26, 38, 52], we expected verbalized metacognition would be positively related to learning (RQ1).”
BackgroundZhang, W., Zhang, L. J., & Wilson, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689581 · Cited by 25
“The interactions are consistent with the working mode of the construct advocated by scholars such as Flavell (1979) and Takeuchi (2020): Metacognitive strategies operate either independently or interactively in task performance.”
MethodLeong, E. Y. M., Mercer, A., Danczak, S., Kyne, S. H., & Thompson, C. D. (2021) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d1rp00068c · Cited by 23
Supporting Undergraduate Biology Students’ Academic Success: Comparing Two Workshop Interventions
Hensley, L. C., Kulesza, A. E., Peri, J., Brady, A. C., Wolters, C. A., Sovic, D. M., & Breitenberger, C. A. (2021) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.21-03-0068 · Cited by 24
“Reflecting learning principles articulated by Flavell (1979), metacognition involves the ability to “think about one’s own thinking; be consciously aware of oneself as a problem solver; monitor, plan, and control one’s mental processing; and accurately judge one’s level of learning” (McGuire, 2015,…”
BackgroundSukarelawan, M. I., Jumadi, J., Kuswanto, H., Soeharto, S., & Hikmah, F. N. (2021) · Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · doi:10.15294/jpii.v10i4.27114 · Cited by 20
Osei-Owusu, B. (2022) · European Journal of Education and Pedagogy · doi:10.24018/ejedu.2022.3.2.276 · Cited by 30
“Metacognitive knowledge has been divided into two by Flavell (1979, 1987) to include knowledge about one’s self and knowledge about tasks and strategies.”
BackgroundMets, T., Raudsaar, M., Vahejõe, K., Kaseorg, M., & Vettik-Leemet, P. (2022) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci12020067 · Cited by 25
Csíkos, C. (2022) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence10030053 · Cited by 24
Meditation as an Adjunct to the Management of Acute Pain
Wipplinger, F., Holthof, N., Andereggen, L., Urman, R. D., Luedi, M. M., & Bello, C. (2023) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-023-01119-0 · Cited by 20
Zhou, S., & Thompson, G. (2023) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.38281 · Cited by 21
“When students’ cognitive capacity fell short of coping with both, the situation required metacognition to leverage personal and strategic knowledge to meet task demands (Flavell, 1979).”
Are Humans the Only Rational Animals?
Melis, G., & Monsó, S. (2023) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.1093/pq/pqad090 · Cited by 20
FİDAN, A., & Usluel, Y. K. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12259-6 · Cited by 23
“Indeed Flavell (1979) suggests that metacognitive strategies can be taught and individuals can be trained to better monitor their own learning.”
Dobbs, M., Degutis, J. M., Morales, J., Joseph, K., & Swire‐Thompson, B. (2023) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-023-00040-x · Cited by 24
“Insight into one ’ s own cognitive abilities is one important aspect of metacognition 1 , and it is possible that people who have poor metacognitive insight are more likely to hold false beliefs 2 .”
BackgroundSingh, C. A., & Muis, K. R. (2024) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2023.2294881 · Cited by 39
“Metacognition involves the cognitive monitoring and control of information that is received or produced (Flavell, 1979; Winne, 2018).”
Assessing metacognitive writing strategies and the predictive effects on multimedia writing
Teng, M. F., & Qin, C. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2024.2325132 · Cited by 26
“Metacognition is a cognitive process of understanding knowledge and strategies and then regulating cognitive processes to plan, monitor, and evaluate learning performance (Flavell, 1979).”
WORRY AND META-COGNITIVE BELIEFS IN CHILDHOOD ANXIETY DISORDERS
Benedetto, L., Di Blasi, D., & Pacicca, P. (2013) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2013.1.932 · Cited by 20
Metacognición, escritura y rendimiento académico en universitarios de Colombia y Francia
(Colombia), U. D. N., Campo, K., Escorcia, D., Moreno, M. M., de Poitiers, U., & Palacio, J. J. (2016) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/apl34.2.2016.03 · Cited by 20
Self-monitoring in Surgical Practice: Slowing Down When You Should
Moulton, C.-A. E., & Epstein, R. M. (2011) · Advances in medical education · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1682-7_10 · Cited by 20
Investigating Young Children's Use of Reading Strategies: A Longitudinal Study
Kragler, S., Martin, L. E., & Schreier, V. A. (2015) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2014.884031 · Cited by 20
“Two general areas of metacognition have been revealed from the research that describes the process by which readers understand text: metacognitive knowledge (Flavell, 1979) and metacognitive judgments, i.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Relationship Between Metacognition and Self-regulation in Young Children
Mohamed, A. H. H. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.436 · Cited by 20
“Flavell, J. H., Miller, P. H., & Miller, S. A. (1993).”
BackgroundInfluentialResponsibility, metacognition and unrealistic pessimism in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Niemeyer, H., Moritz, S., & Pietrowsky, R. (2013) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.01.001 · Cited by 20
“Metacognition is defined as any knowledge or cognitive process that is involved in the appraisal, monitoring or control of cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundError management for musicians: an interdisciplinary conceptual framework
Kruse-Weber, S., & Parncutt, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00777 · Cited by 30
“According to Flavell (1979), declarative metacognition involves knowledge about the person, the task, and the strategy.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Metacognitive Component of Academic Self-Concept: The Development of a Triarchic Self-Scale
Mandelman, S. D., Tan, M., Kornilov, S. A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.9.1.73 · Cited by 20
“However, academic self-concept, we propose, may be informed by metacognition as well (for reviews see Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Veenman, Van Hout-Wolters, & Affl erbach, 2006).”
Meyer, J. H. F., Knight, D. B., Callaghan, D. P., & Baldock, T. E. (2014) · European Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1080/03043797.2014.960367 · Cited by 21
“Conceptualisation of ‘metacognition’ within this literature has taken on multiple meanings (Lawanto 2010), including awareness of knowledge, thinking, and organising cognitive resources (e.g. Cuasay 1992; Flavell 1979; Marzano et al. 1988).”
BackgroundEffects of Computer Algebra System (CAS) with Metacognitive Training on Mathematical Reasoning
Kramarski, B., & Hirsch, C. (2003) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/0952398032000113167 · Cited by 20
“Metacognition is interpreted as cognition about cognition, which means knowledge of thinking and regulation of learning processes (Flavell, 1979).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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