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Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 3,501–3,600 of 10,404
Science reading and self-regulated learning: Evidence from eye movements of middle-school readers
Wang, T.-N., Jian, Y., Wu, C., & Li, P. (2021) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2021.2012637 · Cited by 11
“This also supported the metacognition theory (Flavell, 1979; Nelson, 1996) and test-potentiated learning (Arnold & McDermott, 2013b) in text-diagram reading.”
ResultNeurocognition and Metacognition in Anxiety Disorders
Vishwanathan, A., Kashyap, H., Reddy, R. P., Philip, M., Thippeswamy, H., & Desai, G. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176211072408 · Cited by 11
Wang, T., & Yu, W. (2022) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2022.101819 · Cited by 12
Learning communities promote pedagogical metacognition in higher education faculty
Tocco, A. J., Mehrhoff, L. A., Osborn, H. M., McCartin, L., & Jameson, M. M. (2022) · To improve the academy · doi:10.3998/tia.2044 · Cited by 14
Metacognitive Knowledge, Regulation, and Study Habits
MacKewn, A. S., DePriest, T. A., & Donavant, B. W. (2022) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2022.1312112 · Cited by 15
Ni, B. K., Burns, B. D., Mak, K. K. L., Lah, S. S., Silva, D. S., Goldwater, M. B., & Kleitman, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1063607 · Cited by 16
“Moreover, the literature on how metacognitive processes (thinking about thinking; Flavell, 1979) are involved in moral decision-making is scarce.”
BackgroundMitsea, E., Drigas, A. S., & Skianis, C. A. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40247 · Cited by 12
“Metacognition is a term introduced by Flavell to describe learners’ awareness of their cognition and cognitive operation (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundJahn, N., Sinke, C., Kayali, Ö., Krug, S., Leichter, E., Peschel, S. K. V., Müller, T., Burak, A., Krüger, T. H. C., Kahl, K. G., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1084022 · Cited by 12
“While metacognition fundamentally encompasses any knowledge, belief or cognitive process involved in cognitive monitoring or cognitive control (Flavell, 1979; Kitchener, 1983), as per S-REF theory, metacognition can be further subdivided into several components represented in the metacognitive control system: metacogn…”
BackgroundSamra, R., França, A. B., Lucassen, M. F. G., & Waterhouse, P. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-023-00397-3 · Cited by 19
“Furthermore, the present work is in line with research that acknowledges the role of affective aspects of experiences when pursuing cognitive tasks such as studying (e.g., Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialReflective Writing in Course Design for Active Learning in Social Work Education
Christensen, J. M., & Wärnsby, A. (2023) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2023.2213285 · Cited by 20
“In an educational context, metacognition is usually defined as an ability to monitor, delineate, evaluate, and change one’s thought and learning processes (Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Dennison, 1994).”
BackgroundPerspective-taking in deriving implicatures: The listener's perspective is important too
Katsos, N., de Linares, B. G., Ostashchenko, E., & Wilson, E. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105582 · Cited by 14
“This explanation invokes metacognitive processes, which involve an individual's insights into and control over their own mental processes (Flavell, 1979), including processes that help control, monitor, and regulate strategies to meet task demands and goals (see Tarricone, 2011) such as the…”
Problem-based learning and pedagogies of play: Active approaches towards Self-Directed Learning
Havenga, M., Olivier, J. A. K., & Bunt, B. J. (2023) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2023.bk409 · Cited by 11
Katsantonis, I., & McLellan, R. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289367 · Cited by 13
“Metacognition is broadly defined as “cognition about cognition” and involves cognitive processes that take place on a “meta-level” requiring monitoring and control of cognition [24].”
Soares, R. D. S., Oku, A. Y. A., Barreto, C., et al. (2023) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.09.001 · Cited by 11
Virtual Exchange as a Transformational Third Space for English Language Teacher Education
Orsini-Jones, M. E. (2023) · International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.4018/ijcallt.334712 · Cited by 19
Zhao, L., Wang, S. Y., & Su, Y.-S. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12439-4 · Cited by 15
“Metacognitive experiences play a key role in metacognitive knowledge, goals (or tasks) and actions (or strategies) (Flavell, 1979).”
InfluentialMetamotivation: Self-regulating task–motivation fit
Al‐Hoorie, A. H. (2024) · Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras · doi:10.30827/portalin.viix.29880 · Cited by 11
“Self-regulation research has examined how learners effectively manage their goals by exerting control over their thoughts (Flavell, 1979), emotions (Tamir, 2009), and behaviors (Carver & Scheier, 1998).”
BackgroundBampa, G., Μoraitou, D., Metallidou, P., Masoura, E. V., Παπαντωνίου, Γ., Sofologi, M., Kougioumtzis, G. Α., Papatzikis, E., & Tsolaki, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1275678 · Cited by 11
“Metacognitive knowledge, one of the main components of metacognition, encompasses an individual’s awareness and beliefs about cognitive processes, including their own (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundStambuk‐Castellano, M., Carrera, A., Tubbs, R. S., Alario‐Hoyos, C., Verdú, E., Iwanaga, J., & Reina, F. (2024) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.24155 · Cited by 12
“Flavell (1977, 1979) introduced metacognition as the key to mastering and regulating cognitive processes, allowing students to self-regulate their learning to become autonomous learners.”
BackgroundZhang, C., Hofmann, F., Plößl, L., & Gläser‐Zikuda, M. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12720-0 · Cited by 19
“Additionally, proposals suggested that reflection is a form of metacognition (Flavell, 1979) and an element of self-regulated learning (Zimmerman, 2002).”
Epistemic Goals and Practices in Biology Curriculum—the Philippines and Japan
Errabo, D. D. R., Fujinami, K., & Isozaki, T. (2024) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-024-10170-9 · Cited by 11
“This knowledge can govern and regulate all aspects of knowledge or processes and can be applied to any cognitive pursuit, including learning (Flavell, 1979).”
Toikka, S., Eronen, L., Atjonen, P., & Havu‐Nuutinen, S. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2357901 · Cited by 28
“Table 1 cross-tabulates the interview data by means of the conceptualisations of Schraw and Moshman (1995) and Flavell (1979).”
InfluentialA theoretical model of emotional processing in visual artmaking and art therapy
Weinfeld‐Yehoudayan, A., Czamanski‐Cohen, J., Cohen, M. W., & Weihs, K. L. (2024) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2024.102196 · Cited by 12
Lu, H., Limniou, M., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13026-x · Cited by 13
“…enable control over thinking and learning (Hartman, 1998 ), nurture learners who are able to learn, and teach them how to learn and continue learning throughout their lifespan (El-Koumy, 2004; Pilling-Cormick & Garrison, 2007), which is briefly defined as “cognition on cognition” (Flavell, 1979).”
Love, S., Indrawan, Y., Clark, M., & Larue, G. S. (2025) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.70033 · Cited by 12
Wang, K., Zhang, L. J., & Cooper, M. R. (2025) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101211 · Cited by 19
Zhang, L. J., & Fathi, J. (2025) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-025-09423-3 · Cited by 13
“Flavell ( 1979 ) laid the groundwork for metacognition by defining it as “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena,” which includes the monitoring, regulation, and orchestration of one’s mental processes.”
InfluentialMetacognition and web credibility
Madden, A. D., Ford, N. J., Gorrell, G., Eaglestone, B., & Holdridge, P. (2012) · The Electronic Library · doi:10.1108/02640471211275710 · Cited by 11
“Flavell (1979) developed the concept further when he argued that metacognition involves the thinker thinking about his or her own thought processes.”
BackgroundO uso de medidas intelectuais na análise do monitoramento metacognitivo de crianças
Zampieri, M., & Schelini, P. W. (2013) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/s0102-37722013000200007 · Cited by 10
Cognitive erosion and its implications in Alzheimer’s disease
Mårdh, S. (2013) · Cited by 11
Çalışkan, S., & Selçuk, G. S. (2010) · Cited by 11
Use of the Dual-Processing Theory to Develop Expert Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapy Students
Prokop, T. R. (2018) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000062 · Cited by 11
Teachers Using Role-play to Prevent Bullying
Donohoe, P. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00036-4 · Cited by 18
The Cognitive Architecture of Uncertainty
Smith, J. D., Jackson, B. N., & Church, B. A. (2019) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.06.04.03.2019 · Cited by 11
“…psychology, Cognitive architecture Metacognition—the monitoring and controlling of one’s own cognition—is a significant research topic in cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and educational psychology (Dunlosky & Bjork, 2008; Flavell, 1979; Fleming & Frith, 2014; Nelson & Narens, 1990).”
BackgroundMetacognitive awareness: how it affects mathematical problem-solving process
Arum, R. P., Widjajanti, D. B., & Retnawati, H. (2019) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1320/1/012054 · Cited by 13
Wang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2019.00157 · Cited by 12
“Metacognition, seemly to be separated from assessment literature, yet as a disposition of thinking and learning (Flavell, 1979), is in fact closely related to how we are taught and what and how we learn in the assessment process (Aguirre and Speer, 1999; Zohar, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodZumbach, J., Ortler, C., Deibl, I., et al. (2020) · Journal of Problem-Based Learning · doi:10.24313/jpbl.2020.00206 · Cited by 11
“A more precise definition of metacognition is provided by Flavell (1979) who introduces the term of metacognitive knowledge.”
BackgroundAplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) de John Barell en la comprensión literal
Serna, M. H., & Melgar, Á. S. (2020) · Revista Educación · doi:10.15517/revedu.v44i2.38256 · Cited by 11
“PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Flavell (1979); Tamayo, Cadavid, y Montoya (2019), exponen que el conocimiento metacognitivo se aclara primordialmente al conocimiento que posee el sujeto acerca…”
BackgroundThe Role of Fluency and Dysfluency in Metacognitive Experiences
Schwartz, B. L., & Jemstedt, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51673-4_2 · Cited by 12
Kalemkuş, J. (2021) · Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33418/ataunikkefd.795640 · Cited by 14
Wallace, M. P. (2021) · Journal of language and Education · doi:10.17323/jle.2021.12685 · Cited by 11
“Strategy knowledge is what they know about the strategies that are available and how to use them to accomplish tasks (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTachie, S. A., & Ramathe, J. M. (2022) · Education Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/6257414 · Cited by 14
Hu, J., & Yu, H. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11223-0 · Cited by 15
“Metacognition refers to the regulation of one’s cognitive activities in learning processes (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundYasir, M., Aushia, A. T. A. H., & Parmin, P. (2022) · JPPS (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Sains) · doi:10.26740/jpps.v12n1.p26-39 · Cited by 11
Babayiğit, A., Karaaziz, M., Babayiğit, H. A., & Sağsan, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04113-8 · Cited by 13
“First, Flavell ( 1979 ) defined metacognition as individu - als’ knowledge of their own thought processes and the use of that knowledge for the purpose of controlling, evaluat - ing and monitoring cognitive processes.”
BackgroundWiedbusch, M. D., Lester, J. C., & Azevedo, R. (2023) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-023-09336-z · Cited by 11
“Metacognition is commonly described as thinking about one’s thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundProf., U. D. P., & Chero, C. A. C. (2023) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2023.16217a · Cited by 11
Toward a theoretical framework for task design in mathematics education
Radmehr, F. (2023) · Journal on Mathematics Education · doi:10.22342/jme.v14i2.pp189-204 · Cited by 11
“Even now, more than 40 years after its introduction by Flavell (1979), this type of knowledge is still not well addressed in task design, especially at the upper secondary and tertiary levels.”
BackgroundBunce, D. M., Schroeder, M. J., Prak, D. J. L., Teichert, M. A., Dillner, D. K., McDonnell, L. R., Midgette, D. P., & Komperda, R. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00928 · Cited by 16
The Little Engine That Could - How to Start the Motor? Motivating the Online Student
Dennis, K. S., Bunkowski, L., & Eskey, M. (2007) · InSight A Journal of Scholarly Teaching · doi:10.46504/02200704de · Cited by 11
“self-regulating and monitoring strategies, known collectively as metacognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTalk as a metacognitive strategy during the information search process of adolescents
Bowler, L. (2010) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 11
Gous, I. G. P., & Roberts, J. J. (2015) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2015.1056334 · Cited by 12
“…the scientists-authors assess the amphibian awareness, is the theoretical framework they employed, and having to assess awareness, they used the theory of metacognition as put forward by Flavell (1979) and subsequent researchers (Ford, Smith, Weissbein, Gully, & Salas, 1998), as guiding principle.”
BackgroundFavieri, A. G. (2013) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology · doi:10.14204/ejrep.31.13067 · Cited by 11
L’autorégulation conjointe de la cognition et des émotions : quel impact sur les apprentissages ?
Wagener, B. (2015) · Voix Plurielles · doi:10.26522/vp.v12i1.1176 · Cited by 13
O Leitor e o Texto: Desenvolvendo a Compreensão de Textos na Sala de Aula
Spinillo, A. G. (2008) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 11
Metacognitive strategies for enhancing language development in children with cleft palate
Pamplona, M. D. C., Silis, S. C., Ysunza, P. A., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00238-015-1094-1 · Cited by 11
Metacognition and Decision Making: between First and Third Person Perspective
Strle, T. (2012) · Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems · doi:10.7906/indecs.10.3.6 · Cited by 13
Gill, I. J., Mullin, S., & Simpson, J. (2014) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.939774 · Cited by 11
“Metacognition is knowledge and awareness relating to an individual’s own cognitive processes [51].”
BackgroundHill, K. M., Brözel, V. S., & Heiberger, G. (2014) · Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education · doi:10.1128/jmbe.v15i1.629 · Cited by 11
Features of the Metacognition Structure for Pre-school Age Children
Чернокова, Т. Е. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.115 · Cited by 11
“e and more a pment will al iated with the d control in co wledge about ion [1]; [2]; [3 otional comp out cognitive evaluation of cludes process lization of th The differenc ucation»”
BackgroundColtman, P. (2006) · Early Years Journal of International Research and Development · doi:10.1080/09575140500507819 · Cited by 11
“There is an identified connection between developing metacognitive abilities and effective thinking and learning (Flavell, 1979; Forrest-Pressley et al., 1985; Schunk & Zimmerman, 1994).”
BackgroundThe effects of summary production and encoding condition on children’s metacognitive monitoring
von der Linden, N., Schneider, W., & Roebers, C. M. (2010) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-010-9063-3 · Cited by 14
Brown, N. (2005) · Journal of Accounting Education · doi:10.1016/j.jaccedu.2006.01.001 · Cited by 11
Jellema, A. (2002) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.310 · Cited by 11
Janjai, S. (2012) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.072 · Cited by 11
Shawer, S. F. (2012) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2011.645448 · Cited by 11
“Metacognitive knowledge therefore leads learners ‘to select, evaluate, revise, and abandon cognitive tasks, goals, and strategies in light of their relationships with one another and with. . . [their] own abilities and interests with respect to that enterprise’ (Flavell 1979, 908).”
BackgroundInfluentialMoores, T. T., Chang, J., & Smith, D. K. (2006) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · Cited by 11
Les régulations métacognitives dans l’activité enseignante : rôle et modes de développement*
Grangeat, M. (2010) · Revue des sciences de l éducation · doi:10.7202/043994ar · Cited by 11
“36.1.indd 233 10-06-08 10:52 faire face à ce type de situations complexes, pour réguler leur activité dans ces environnements dynamiques, Valot (2001) constate que les professionnels ont à mobiliser trois types de connaissances qui relèvent de la métacognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentialPersonal epistemological and metacognitive awareness in first year preservice education students
Spray, E., Scevak, J., & Cantwell, R. (2013) · NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) · Cited by 11
Calibration of comprehension and performance in L2 reading
Saraç, S., & Tarhan, B. (2009) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · Cited by 11
Clinical Teaching Methods for Stimulating Students' Critical Thinking
Procaccini, S. J., Carlino, N. J., & Joseph, D. M. (2016) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/persp1.sig11.3 · Cited by 11
Connecting clinical and experimental investigations of awareness in traumatic brain injury
Dockree, P. M., O’Connell, R. G., & Robertson, I. H. (2015) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63521-1.00032-7 · Cited by 12
Metacognitive Development within the Community of Inquiry
Akyol, Z. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2110-7.ch003 · Cited by 13
Metacognitive Reading Strategies among Undergraduates
Rajab, A., Rahman, H. A., Wahab, S. R. A., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2017.7.7.928 · Cited by 11
Neitzel, C. L., Alexander, J. M., & Johnson, K. E. (2016) · Journal of Research in Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/02568543.2016.1215360 · Cited by 13
“Metacognitive knowledge is credited for endowment of the compulsory informational foundation for academic self-regulation (Flavell, 1979; Flavell, Green, & Flavell, 1995; Sternberg, 1990).”
BackgroundIntrospective access to implicit shifts of attention
Gabriel Reyes, M., & Sackur, J. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.003 · Cited by 11
“The term introspection refers to the cognitive mechanism through which individuals can access their own mental states (Flavell, 1979; Lyons, 1986).”
Developing a Listening Comprehension Problem Scale for University Students' Metacognitive Awareness
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, L. J. (2011) · Cited by 11
From Metacognition to Practice Cognition: The DNP e-Portfolio to Promote Integrated Learning
Anderson, K. M., DesLauriers, P., Horvath, C., Slota, M. C., & Farley, J. N. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20170712-09 · Cited by 11
Schnepp, J. C., & Rogers, C. (2017) · Journal of Information Technology Education Innovations in Practice · doi:10.28945/3791 · Cited by 11
The Metacognitive Strategy in English Listening Comprehension
Jie, Z. (2018) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0802.07 · Cited by 11
“…to Flavell, metacognitive knowledge plays an important role in many cognitive activities related to language use, e.g. oral comprehension or communication of information, reading comprehension, and writing, to language acquisition, and to various types of self-instruction (Flavell, 1979, pp. 906).”
BackgroundGolding, C. (2018) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2018.1491024 · Cited by 12
Practice makes deeper? Regular reflective writing during engineering internships
Minnes, M., Mayberry, J. K., Soto, M., et al. (2017) · Scholarly Commons (University of the Pacific) · Cited by 11
Philosophical Reflections in Mathematics Classrooms
Prediger, S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71575-9_3 · Cited by 11
Art Studio as Thinking Lab: Fostering Metacognition in Art Classrooms
Marshall, J., & D’Adamo, K. (2018) · Art Education · doi:10.1080/00043125.2018.1505377 · Cited by 11
Similarities and Differences in Learning of Metacognitive Skills
Yong, S.-T., Gates, P., & Chan, A. (2018) · International Journal of Game-Based Learning · doi:10.4018/ijgbl.2019010101 · Cited by 11
“Metacognitiveisdefinedas“knowledgeand cognitionaboutcognitivephenomena”(Flavell,1979,p.906).”
Versteeg, M., Wijnen‐Meijer, M., & Paul Steendijk, A. (2018) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00130.2018 · Cited by 11
“Awareness about one’s own thinking and correctness of knowledge after performing a task is here referred to as metacognitive evaluation (16, 35).”
Öztürk, M., Akkan, Y., & Kaplan, A. (2018) · Ege Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.12984/egeefd.316662 · Cited by 11
Stoten, D. W. (2019) · Learning Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/23735082.2018.1491616 · Cited by 10
Vural, L., & Gündüz, G. F. (2019) · İlköğretim Online · doi:10.17051/ilkonline.2019.527226 · Cited by 13
No evidence that alcohol intoxication impairs judgments of learning in face recognition
Monds, L. A., Kloft, L., Sauer, J. D., Honan, C. A., & Palmer, M. A. (2019) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3534 · Cited by 9
“Metacognition involves monitoring and assessing one's memory (e.g., Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundReflection(s) In/On Digital Writing’s Hybrid Pedagogy, 2010–2017
Hamilton, S. (2019) · Computers & composition/Computers and composition · doi:10.1016/j.compcom.2019.02.006 · Cited by 11
Influence of Metacognition and Emotional Intelligence on Self-leadership in Nursing Students
Kim, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration · doi:10.11111/jkana.2019.25.2.146 · Cited by 11
“생각에 대한 모니터링과 목표를 향해 동기화시키는 메타인지 가 작용할 때 성공할 가능성이 많은 전략으로 예측되므로 메타 인지와 셀프리더십은 상관관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있다[11].”
Yuki, S., Nakatani, H., Nakai, T., Okanoya, K., & Tachibana, R. O. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.001 · Cited by 12
“Introduction 23 Metacognition is broadly defined as “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena” 24 (Flavell, 1979, p. 906), and it enables us to adaptively select reasonable behaviors to accomplish 25 desired goals (Efklides, 2008; Fernandez-Duque, Baird, & Posner, 2000; Gourgey, 1998;…”
BackgroundBarreto, I. M. G., Merino-Tejedor, E., & Santamaría, J. S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12020729 · Cited by 12
“Constituents of this component are as follows: planning on how to approach a task, monitoring understanding, evaluating progress, performance [14,15].”
BackgroundLópez-Moríñigo, J.-D., Ruiz-Ruano, V. G., Martínez, A. S.-E., Barrigón, M. L., Mata-Iturralde, L., Muñoz-Lorenzo, L., Sánchez-Alonso, S., Artés-Rodrı́guez, A., David, A. S., & Baca‐García, E. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-2431-x · Cited by 11
Capuchin monkeys (sometimes) go when they know: Confidence movements in Sapajus apella
Smith, T. R., Parrish, A. E., Creamer, C. A., Rossettie, M. S., & Beran, M. J. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104237 · Cited by 13
Mehl, S., Hesse, K., Schmidt, A.-C., Landsberg, M. W., Soll, D., Bechdolf, A., Herrlich, J., Kircher, T. T. J., Klingberg, S., Müller, B. W., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-2482-z · Cited by 13
Implementing ERCoRe in Learning: Will Metacognitive Skills Correlate to Cognitive Learning Result?
Ismirawati, N., Corebima, A. D., Zubaidah, S., et al. (2020) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.081808 · Cited by 11
Children’s developing reflections on and understanding of creativity
Stricker, L. W., & Sobel, D. M. (2020) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100916 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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