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Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
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An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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Shen, Y., Spencer, D., Tagsold, J. T., & Kim, H.-S. (2025) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-025-10485-y · Cited by 24
“…limitations of existing frameworks, this framework is founded on interconnected theories, including First Principles of Instruction (Merrill, 2002, 2013), Self-Regulated Learning (Zimmerman, 2002, 2011), the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation (Jones, 2009, 2018), and Metacognition (Flavell, 1979).”
InfluentialBozorgian, H., Muhammadpour, M., & Alehchali, A. B. (2025) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2025.2489937 · Cited by 11
Agrawal, P. K., Gore, R., Kumar, M., Kushwaha, V., Goenka, S., & Agrawal, S. (2025) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531251361976 · Cited by 20
“Metacognition is a word initially coined by Flavell (1979).”
Metacognición y comprensión lectora: una relación posible e intencional
Ceballos, E. C., Barbosa, C. P., & Castellón, L. S. (2013) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 10
Algebraic Problem Solving and Learning Strategies in Compulsory Secondary Education
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Metacognitive awareness in foreign language learning through Facebook
Peeters, W. (2015) · Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/dujal.4.2.03pee · Cited by 10
Student Perception of Metacognitive Activities in Entry-Level Science Courses
Sandall, L., Mamo, M., Speth, C. A., Lee, D. H., & Kettler, T. A. (2014) · Natural sciences education · doi:10.4195/nse2013.06.0021 · Cited by 13
“In its simplest defi nition, metacognition is “thinking about one’s own thinking” (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundAttention and Entrepreneurial Cognition
Shepherd, D., & Patzelt, H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71782-1_4 · Cited by 8
“In line with Flavell’s proposition, metacognition has mechanisms to evaluate the result of implementing a specific decision framework in relation to one’s goal orientation, metacognitive knowledge, and metacognitive experience (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentialInvernizzi, P. L., Crotti, M., Bosio, A., Scurati, R., & Lovecchio, N. (2018) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2018.81011 · Cited by 10
“Thus, we can state that the development of the central nervous system affects motor tasks that, as an iterative process, is expression of cognitive function (Piaget & Inhelder, 1969) and metacognition (Dewey et al., 2002; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundLéon-Henri, D. D. P. (2019) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2019.33.931 · Cited by 10
“It plays a significant role in oral communication of information, persuasion, and comprehension, but also language acquisition, memory, problem-solving, social cognition and various types of self-control and self-instruction (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundRezapour, T., Aupperle, R. L., Paulus, M. P., & Ekhtiari, H. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815298-0.00029-0 · Cited by 10
Research-based instructional strategies in a flipped principles of microeconomics classroom
Cosgrove, S. B., & Olitsky, N. H. (2020) · International Review of Economics Education · doi:10.1016/j.iree.2020.100175 · Cited by 12
Saraç, S., & Tarhan, B. (2021) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2021.192 · Cited by 11
“There are three types of metacognitive knowledge, namely; knowledge of person, task variables, and strategy variables (Flavell, 1979; 2000).”
Han, I. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211009483 · Cited by 14
“These dynamic meaning comparisons and negotiations are metacognitive activities, including thinking about thinking (Flavell, 1979), occurring consciously or unconsciously over a teacher’s pedagogical problem-solving processes (Koriat, 2000; Oyserman et al., 2012) alongside the activation of their…”
BackgroundParent-Child Mindfulness-Based Training: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study
Guenther, C. H., Stephens, R. L., Ratliff, M. L., & Short, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2515690x211002145 · Cited by 10
Feinstein, A., Meza, C., Stefan, C., & Staines, W. R. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2220 · Cited by 10
“In its broadest sense it refers to “thinking about thinking” and is considered integral to successful learning, selfregulation, and self-reflection of strengths and weaknesses (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundThe Relation of Metacognition, Personality, and Foreign Language Performance
Öztürk, N. (2021) · International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies · doi:10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.3.329 · Cited by 10
Measure of opportunity: assessing equitable conditions to learn twenty-first century thinking skills
Anderson, R., & Beach, P. T. (2021) · Learning Environments Research · doi:10.1007/s10984-021-09388-5 · Cited by 10
“Consistent across each skill, two components—self-awareness and monitoring and adapting—described the metacognitive strategies required (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMeltzer, L. J., Greschler, M. A., Davis, K., & Vanderberg, C. (2021) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2021_persp-21-00034 · Cited by 10
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Overall order versus local order in bilingual conversation
Gafaranga, J. (2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.03gaf · Cited by 10
Raising the Impact of Education Research in Africa
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Prompting Reflection: Using Corpus Linguistic Methods in the Local Assessment of Reflective Writing
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Callan, G. L. (2014) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee) · Cited by 10
Using a Cognitive/Metacognitive Task Model to Analyze Students Learning Behaviors
Biswas, G., Kinnebrew, J. S., & Segedy, J. R. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07527-3_18 · Cited by 10
“Flavell [3] defined metacognition as “thinking about one’s own thinking.”
BackgroundUsing Psychodynamic Concepts to Measure Interpersonal Competencies during Social Work Training
Padykula, N. L., & Horwitz, M. J. (2011) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.312 · Cited by 10
METACOGNITION AND ITS CORRELATES: A STUDY
Rekha, R., & Govil, P. (2013) · Cited by 10
Metacognitive Neuroscience: An Introduction
Fleming, S. M., & Frith, C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45190-4_1 · Cited by 11
“This framework was originated by Flavell [2], and later Nelson and Narens [6], in the study of learning and memory.”
MethodExamining Intentional Knowing Among Secondary School Students: Through the Lens of Metacognition
Lee, C. B. (2012) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-012-0028-y · Cited by 10
Continuities and Discontinuities Between Humans, Intelligent Machines, and Other Entities
Søraker, J. H. (2013) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-013-0132-9 · Cited by 10
“At even higher levels, we may need to involve the environment, higher-order cognitive processes, autonomy, phenomenal experience, and some notion of metacognition (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundAccuracy and stability of metacognitive monitoring: A new measure
Cheng, C.-M. (2010) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.42.3.715 · Cited by 10
“PS Metacogntive monitoring refers to the ability by which people can monitor their own cognitive and affective states (see Flavell, 1976, 1979; Nelson, 1996a).”
BackgroundAl‐Hilawani, Y. A. (2008) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/10349120802489554 · Cited by 10
“…understanding of metacognition includes meanings such as reflection-on-action and reflection-in-action (Schon, 1983, 1987), self-awareness about one’s cognitive activities, self-regulatory behaviour, analysing problematic situations, and planning behaviour (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1976, 1978, 1979).”
BackgroundMetamemory adjustments over time in adults with and without traumatic brain injury
Krause, M. O. P., & Kennedy, M. R. T. (2009) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699050903373485 · Cited by 10
Exploring Reflection Journals and Self-efficacy in Robotics Education
Huang, L., Varnado, T., & Gillan, D. J. (2014) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931214581405 · Cited by 10
“As a type of learning strategy, metacognition is defined as an individual’s cognitive control of learning and thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentialMetacognitive Strategy Use: Accessing ESL Learners’ Inner Voices Via Stimulated Recall
Lam, W. Y. K. (2008) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501220802158917 · Cited by 12
“Flavell (1979) and Wenden (1995, 2001) consider ‘task knowledge’ as a category of metacognitive knowledge.”
BackgroundMetacognitive Judgments in a Simulated Luggage Screening Task
McCarley, J. S., & Gosney, J. L. (2005) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120504901726 · Cited by 10
“Successful performance in complex mental tasks often requires effective metacognition, awareness and understanding of the performer’s own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979; Nelson & Leonesio, 1988; Perfect & Schwarz, 2002).”
Background11. Emotion and social metacognition
Huntsinger, J. R., & Clore, G. L. (2012) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 10
Metacognitive awareness in English listening: A study of Taiwanese non-English majors
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Autoeficácia acadêmica e autorregulação da aprendizagem: rede de relacionamento em bases online
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Translator Education and Metacognition
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Caffeine cravings impair memory and metacognition
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Making teacher talk comprehensible through language alternation practices
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Predictors of Source Memory Success and Failure in Older Adults
Cansino, S., Torres-Trejo, F., Estrada-Manilla, C., Ramírez-Barajas, L., Pérez-Loyda, M., Nava-Chaparro, A., Hernández-Ladrón-deGuevara, M., & Ruiz‐Velasco, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00017 · Cited by 13
“Metamemory is conceived as the knowledge we have about our memory functioning (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundSelf-Regulation Strategies in an Engineering Design Project
Lawanto, O., Febrian, A., Butler, D. L., & Mina, M. (2019) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v12n5p133 · Cited by 10
“…requirements, planning (e.g., resources, time, strategies), implementing cognitive processes, monitoring progress, evaluating progress against internal and external standards, and continually refining approaches so as better to achieve goals (Butler, 1995; Butler & Cartier, 2005; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundThrough Reflective Lenses: Enhancing Students’ Perceptions of Their Media Writing Skills
Leggette, H. R., Redwine, T., & Busick, B. (2019) · Journalism & Mass Communication Educator · doi:10.1177/1077695819852256 · Cited by 12
“160) with metacognitive dynamics present throughout the writing process (Hacker et al., 2009; Negretti, 2012). Furthermore, Yancey (1998) noted that reflection in a writing course comprises projection, retrospection, and revision, which can be achieved through metacognitive processes that facilitate individuals’ thoug…”
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Smith, B. A., Metzger, K. J., & Soneral, P. A. G. (2019) · The journal of college science teaching · doi:10.2505/4/jcst19_048_06_66 · Cited by 10
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“Those experiences in which one was aware of his or her own thinking become resources to draw from in solving new tasks (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialI'm Sure! Automatic Detection of Metacognition in Online Course Discussion Forums
Huang, E., Valdiviejas, H., & Bosch, N. (2019) · Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction · doi:10.1109/acii.2019.8925506 · Cited by 13
“Metacognition is awareness of one’s own thinking [4].”
BackgroundEkici, F., Ulutaş, B., & Atasoy, B. (2019) · Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education · doi:10.14686/buefad.566640 · Cited by 10
“Alanyazında tanımlanan birçok düzenleyici beceri olmasına rağmen (Pintrich, Wolters & Baxter, 2000; Jacobs & Paris; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Flavell, 1979), bilişin düzenlenmesi planlama, izleme ve değerlendirme olmak üzere üç temel beceri altında incelenmektedir.”
BackgroundInfluentialGroup‐based meta‐emotion and emotion responses to intergroup threat
Pauketat, J. V. T., Mackie, D. M., & Tausch, N. (2019) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12364 · Cited by 13
Fostering Problem Understanding as a Precursor to Problem-Solving in Computer Programming
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“In most of these studies, including the developmental ones, metacognition is understood as the “cognition about cognitive phenomena” (Flavell, 1979, p. 906).”
BackgroundBurning biases: Mitigating cognitive biases in fire engineering
Kinsey, M. J., Kinateder, M. T., Gwynne, S., & Hopkin, D. (2020) · Fire and Materials · doi:10.1002/fam.2824 · Cited by 12
“Being aware of cognitive biases and promoting conscious awareness of the steps involved in an explicit thought process when making a decision (ie, shifting the decision-making process from the automatic system to the reflective system) has been shown to mitigate cognitive biases and poor decision-making in general.(21…”
BackgroundThe Contribution of Metacognitive Skills and Creative Thinking Skills in 21st Century Learning
Yusnaeni, Y., Corebima, A. D., Susilo, H., et al. (2020) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.081805 · Cited by 10
“The term metacognition was first introduced by Flavell [4].”
BackgroundMetacognitive Awareness in Lexical Learning among Malaysian Students
Kaur, N. (2020) · International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies · doi:10.18488/journal.23.2020.93.161.171 · Cited by 16
“Flavell’s taxonomy of metacognition was further developed by Paris, Lipson, and Wixson (1983) who expanded it as three forms of knowledge - declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge and conditional knowledge. Declarative knowledge is knowledge about what to do about oneself, about the factors that influence one’s kn…”
BackgroundInfluentialPark, C. I., Kim, H. W., Jeon, S., Hwang, E. H., Kang, J. I., & Kim, S. J. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05630-9 · Cited by 12
“Metacognition refers to stable knowledge or beliefs about one’s cognitive system, the regulation and awareness of the cognitive state, and appraisal of the significance of thoughts and memories (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundRhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) monitor evolving decisions to control adaptive information seeking
Brady, R. J., & Hampton, R. R. (2021) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-021-01477-5 · Cited by 11
“1998; Dunlosky and Bjork 2008; Flavell 1979; Nelson and Narens 1990; Shimamura and Squire 1986).”
BackgroundTorres, I. J., Hıdıroğlu, C., Mackala, S. A., Ahn, S., Yatham, L. N., Ozerdem, E., & Michalak, E. E. (2021) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.31 · Cited by 12
“Two components of metacognition include metacognitive knowledge (MK) and metacognitive experience (ME) [3,11,12].”
BackgroundLeng, J., Yi, Y., & Gu, X. (2021) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-021-10020-9 · Cited by 10
“According to Brown (1987) and Flavell (1979), metacognition means students’ awareness of cognitive process and supervision of the implementation processes to achieve goals.”
BackgroundBarnes, F. B., Fletcher, D., & Neely, K. C. (2021) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2020-0015 · Cited by 11
“These two 374 concepts have been termed metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation 375 respectively in the wider psychology literature (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundZhang, Y.-B., Paquette, L., Baker, R., Ocumpaugh, J. L., Bosch, N., Biswas, G., & Munshi, A. (2021) · Journal of Learning Analytics · doi:10.18608/jla.2021.7161 · Cited by 10
“Metacognitive knowledge is declarative knowledge and belief about the world, such as tasks, goals, self, others, and cognitive processing and skills (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundRellensmann, J., Schukajlow, S., Blomberg, J., & Leopold, C. (2021) · Mathematical Thinking and Learning · doi:10.1080/10986065.2021.2012741 · Cited by 14
“, the construction and use of a drawing to solve a modeling problem) (Brown, 1987; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTang, Y., Wang, X., Fang, Y., & Li, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754370 · Cited by 15
“To effectively engage in the learning processes, students should possess MK on three aspects—about themselves as a learner, about demands of specific learning tasks, and about available learning strategies (Flavell, 1979; Efklides and Vlachopoulos, 2012).”
BackgroundSippel, L., & Martin, I. A. (2022) · International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2021-0175 · Cited by 10
Threshold Concepts in the Development of Problem-solving Skills
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Herrero, E. T., Núñez, J. C., Vallejo, G., Fernández, P., Añón, F. J., Moreira, T., Martins, J., & Rosário, P. J. S. L. F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889201 · Cited by 23
“Metacognition was defined by Flavell (1979) as knowledge concerning one’s own cognitive processes and products, and is generally understood as involving knowledge, the monitoring, and the control of those processes (McCormick, 2003).”
BackgroundStudents' experiences of academic coaching in Norway: a pilot study
Sæthern, B. B., Glømmen, A. M., Lugo, R. G., & Ellingsen, P. (2022) · International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education · doi:10.1108/ijmce-07-2021-0077 · Cited by 13
“According to Flavell (1979), metacognitive knowledge can lead to metacognitive experiences, such as cognitive goals and bring forth revision or abandonment of old goals and establishment of new goals.”
InfluentialTaherkhani, B., Aliasin, S. H., Khosravi, R., & Izadpanah, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.847564 · Cited by 22
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Improving Critical Thinking Skill Through Team-based Projects, is it Effective?
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Affective Learning Companions and the Adoption of Metacognitive Strategies
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Writing Strategies for Fostering Reading Comprehension
Zsigmond, I. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.073 · Cited by 10
Brown, A. O. (2014) · International Journal Of Biology Education · doi:10.20876/ijobed.92616 · Cited by 10
“Studies have shown that metacognition plays an important role in language acquisition, oral and reading comprehension, as well as self-instruction in young children and adolescents (Flavell, 1979; Rahimi & Abedi, 2015).”
BackgroundSkill-Related Uncertainty and Expected Value in 5- to 7-Year-Olds
Schlottmann, A., & Bayless, S. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 10
Metacognitive Beliefs and Strategies of Control Thought in GAD and OCD
Ángel, P. N. M., Delgado, M. R., Mateos, L. L., & Guerra, N. B. (2010) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/cl2010v21n2a5 · Cited by 10
Attention management for self-regulated learning: AtGentSchool
Molenaar, I., van Boxtel, C., Sleegers, P. J. C., & Roda, C. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511974519.011 · Cited by 11
Kim, Y. H. (2011) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2011.599924 · Cited by 10
“In general, meta-cognition has been defined as knowledge and cognition about one’s own cognitive phenomena (Allen & Armour-Thomas, 1993; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentialUndecidability and opacity of metacognition in animals and humans
Clark, K. B., & Hassert, D. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00171 · Cited by 11
“This sort of approach toward investigating metacognition now seems routine though its widespread appeal dates back roughly 35 years (cf. Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentialTeaching and Learning Language Arts: From Campus to Classroom and Back Again
Heller, M. F., Wood, N. J., & Shawgo, M. E. (2007) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.3200/joer.100.4.226-234 · Cited by 10
Designing a Metacognitive Approach to the Professional Development of Experienced Science Teachers
Eldar, O., & Miedijensky, S. (2014) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11062-2_12 · Cited by 11
Analytical research on developmental aspects of metamemory
Plude, D. J., Nelson, T. O., & Scholnick, E. K. (1998) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/bf03172811 · Cited by 10
“As suggested by Flavell (1979) and others (e.g., Folds, Footo, Guttentag, Ornstein, 1990; Hertzog & Dixon, 1994; Miller & Seier, 1994), there are many rea sons that young children and older adults may be deficient in utilizing memory strategies.”
BackgroundIranian EFL Learners’ Achievement Goals in Relation with Their Metacognitive Reading Strategy Use
Ghavam, M. M., Rastegar, M., & Razmi, M. H. (2011) · Open Journal of Modern Linguistics · doi:10.4236/ojml.2011.12006 · Cited by 10
“Flavell (1979) defined metacognition as the “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena” (p. 906).”
BackgroundBares, C. B. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-011-0233-1 · Cited by 10
Tool use in open learning environments: In search of learner-related determinants
Clarebout, G., & Elen, J. (2008) · Learning Environments Research · doi:10.1007/s10984-008-9039-2 · Cited by 10
“In line with Flavell (1979) and Vermunt (1992), regulation activities are activities that students undertake to regulate, monitor and control their own cognitive processes.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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