Cited by 2,864Psychology of Social InfluenceSocial and Intergroup PsychologyOpinion Dynamics and Social Influence

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The psychology of social impact

Latané, Bibb·1981·American Psychologist

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Abstract

The author proposes a theory of social im- pact specifying the effect of other persons on an in- dividual. According to the theory, when other people are the source of impact and the individual is the target, impact should be a multiplicative function of the strength, immediacy, and number of other people. Fur- thermore, impact should take the form of a power func- tion, with the marginal effect of the Nth other person being less than that of the (N — l)th. Finally, when other people stand with the individual as the target of forces from outside the group, impact should be divided such that the resultant is an inverse power function of the strength, immediacy, and number of persons stand- ing together. The author reviews relevant evidence from research on conformity and imitation, stage fright and embarrassment, news interest, bystander interven- tion, tipping, inquiring for Christ, productivity in groups, and crowding in rats. He also discusses the unresolved issues and desirable characteristics of the theory.

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Authors: Latané, B.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: Latané, Bibb
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1981-04
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Pages: 343-356
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.36.4.343
OpenAlex: W2098940738
Cited by: 2,864
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 97 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 128 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 125 · 2012: 144
FWCI: 66.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
Keywords: social impact theory, social influence, conformity, imitation, stage fright, embarrassment, news interest, bystander intervention, tipping, team productivity, crowding, power function

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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The psychology of social impact

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

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