Cited by 2,070Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects.

Steele, Claude M., Josephs, Robert A.·1990·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.45.8.921

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Abstract

This article explains how alcohol makes social responses more extreme, enhances important self-evaluations, and relieves anxiety and depression, effects that underlie both the social destructiveness of alcohol and the reinforcing effects that make it an addictive substance. The theories are based on alcohol's impairment of perception and thought--the myopia it causes--rather than on the ability of alcohol's pharmacology to directly cause specific reactions or on expectations associated with alcohol's use. Three conclusions are offered (a) Alcohol makes social behaviors more extreme by blocking a form of response conflict. (b) The same process can inflate self-evaluations. (c) Alcohol myopia, in combination with distracting activity, can reliably reduce anxiety and depression in all drinkers by making it difficult to allocate attention to the thoughts that provoke these states. These theories are discussed in terms of their significance for the prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse.

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Authors: Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Josephs, Robert A.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1990
Volume: 45
Issue: 8
Pages: 921-933
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.45.8.921
OpenAlex: W2091301704
Cited by: 2,070
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 12.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (7r01aa005712-05)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA 05712-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: alcohol myopia, alcohol intoxication, cognitive impairment, response conflict, self-assessment, anxiety, depression, alcohol reinforcement, alcoholism prevention, alcoholism treatment, distraction, social behavior
MeSH terms: Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Intoxication, Alcoholism, Humans, Social Behavior, Social Environment

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Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects.

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