The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias.
Abstract
Although it is well-established that vulnerability to negative emotion is associated with attentional bias toward aversive information, the causal basis of this association remains undetermined. Two studies addressed this issue by experimentally inducing differential attentional responses to emotional stimuli using a modified dot probe task, and then examining the impact of such attentional manipulation on subsequent emotional vulnerability. The results supported the hypothesis that the induction of attentional bias should serve to modify emotional vulnerability, as revealed by participants' emotional reactions to a final standardized stress task. These findings provide a sound empirical basis for the previously speculative proposal that attentional bias can causally mediate emotional vulnerability, and they suggest the possibility that cognitive-experimental procedures designed to modify selective information processing may have potential therapeutic value.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“An initial study found that subliminal ABM training did not induce attentional changes to threatening stimuli (MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, 2002).”
From Advancing the treatment of anxiety disorders in transition‐age youth: a review of the therapeutic effects of unconscious exposure. (2025) · cites this paper as MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, 2002
In the citing paper
“Also, training attentional bias towards negative stimuli increases self-reported distress to a laboratory stressor (MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002)”
From Attentional bias and emotional reactivity as predictors and moderators of behavioral treatment for social phobia (2013) · cites this paper as MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002
In the citing paper
“Selective biases in attention can be modified by a simple computerized technique; the Attention Bias Modification task (ABM), pioneered by Colin MacLeod et al. [19]”
In the citing paper
“These simple, computer-based training tasks have been found to alter processing biases (eg, in attention) in both non-clinical (Browning et al, 2010b; MacLeod et al, 2002) and clinical groups (Amir et al, 2009)”
From Using an Experimental Medicine Model to Explore Combination Effects of Pharmacological and Cognitive Interventions for Depression and Anxiety (2011) · cites this paper as MacLeod et al, 2002
In the citing paper
“In line with previous work, both citalopram (Harmer et al, 2004; Murphy et al, 2009) and positive cognitive bias training (Browning et al, 2010b; MacLeod et al, 2002) on their own produced relatively positive changes in emotional bias, consistent with the idea that this may be a common process in treatments of emotional disorders (Harmer, 2008).”
From Using an Experimental Medicine Model to Explore Combination Effects of Pharmacological and Cognitive Interventions for Depression and Anxiety (2011) · cites this paper as MacLeod et al, 2002
In the citing paper
“After promising preclinical studies (MacLeod et al., 2002), first successful clinical applications have been reported in targeted prevention (See et al., 2009) and in clinically anxious patient groups (Amir et al., 2009;Schmidt et al., 2009), and targeted prevention (See et al., 2009) with maintenance of clinical improvement reported four months after the training (Schmidt et al., 2009).”
From Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation (2011) · cites this paper as MacLeod et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“inducing a negative attentional bias in healthy participants increases anxiety (4)”
From Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Thus, not only is exposure ineffective for those who are negatively biased, training attention toward threat in non-avoidant populations has also been found to increase rather than decrease anxiety in both adults and children [41,43,44].”
From Can mindfulness be too much of a good thing? The value of a middle way (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“One such potential intervention is attention bias modification (ABM), a computer-delivered treatment for anxiety that emerged from research in experimental psychopathology (MacLeod & Mathews, 2012;MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as MacLeod et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“These differing views point to a potential limitation of ABM-threat-avoidance training which focuses on modifying an automatic bias in initial orienting to threat (MacLeod et al., 2002), rather than other attention mechanisms such as top-down attention control which may support emotion regulation and resilience to anxiety (e.g., Derryberry & Rothbart, 1997).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as MacLeod et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532
Attentional bias in emotional disorders
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 3,152
Self-citationHandbook of Cognition and Emotion
Dalgleish, T., & Power, M. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470013494 · Cited by 2,935
Attentional bias in emotional disorders.
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. R. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 2,553
Self-citationThe emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 · Cited by 2,420
Self-citationManual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) : "self-evaluation questionnaire"
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 2,352
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Williams, J. M. G. (1988) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1,871
(1992) · Cited by 1,154
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Wilhelm, S. A. (1998) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · Cited by 1,101
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,004
Kelly, M. M., & Forsyth, J. P. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.324 · Cited by 38
Polymorphism in Serotonin Receptor 3B Is Associated with Pain Catastrophizing
Horjales-Araújo, E., Demontis, D., Schaldemose, E. L., Finnerup, N. B., Børglum, A. D., Jensen, T. S., Svensson, P. J., & Vase, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078889 · Cited by 36
“Attentional threat bias has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety [42–44], which strengthens the association between S-carriers and anxiety traits.”
BackgroundHakamata, Y., Sato, E., Komi, S., Moriguchi, Y., Izawa, S., Murayama, N., Hanakawa, T., Inoue, Y., & Tagaya, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep34777 · Cited by 37
Troller-Renfree, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Fox, N. A. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.008 · Cited by 35
Platt, B., Murphy, S. E., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1372 · Cited by 35
Ollendick, T. H., & Muris, P. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1020543 · Cited by 35
Osinsky, R., Lösch, A., Hennig, J., Alexander, N., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026674 · Cited by 37
Self-citationHaeffel, G. J., Rozek, D. C., Hames, J. L., & Technow, J. R. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9379-6 · Cited by 38
Successful Psychotherapy Reduces Hypervigilance in Borderline Personality Disorder
Sieswerda, S., Arntz, A. R., & Kindt, M. (2007) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465807003694 · Cited by 36
“, 1995), and a recent study showed that experimentally manipulated attentional bias influences mood responses to stress (Macleod et al., 2002).”
BackgroundPichon, S., Lombard, E., Eryilmaz, H., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu044 · Cited by 40
Vázquez, C., Blanco, I., Sánchez-López, Á., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1150-9 · Cited by 39
“To assess stress tolerance and changes in emotional vulnerability after attentional training, we will administer an adaptation of the anagram stress task procedure [31].”
BackgroundMethodZhao, X., Dang, C., & Maes, J. H. R. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107840 · Cited by 34
Vrijsen, J. N., Grafton, B., Koster, E. H. W., Lau, J. Y. F., Wittekind, C. E., Bar‐Haim, Y., Becker, E. S., Brotman, M. A., Joormann, J., Lazarov, A., et al. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557 · Cited by 42
Self-citationKruijt, A., Putman, P., & van der Does, W. A. J. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.11.003 · Cited by 40
“…normally distributed (positive skew and kurtosis) and therefore the median instead of the mean reaction time was used for calculating bias index (MacLeod et al., 2002).1 Bias index was calculated by subtracting the median response time for trials inwhich the probe appeared on the location of…”
MethodPhysically active individuals look for more: An eye‐tracking study of attentional bias
Cheval, B., Miller, M. W., Orsholits, D., Berry, T. R., Sander, D., & Boisgontier, M. P. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13582 · Cited by 41
Klawohn, J., Hajcak, G., Amir, N., Kathmann, N., & Riesel, A. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.07.005 · Cited by 38
Can less be more? Open trial of a stepped care approach for child and adolescent anxiety disorders
Pettit, J. W., Rey, Y., Bechor, M., Melendez, R., Vaclavik, D., Buitron, V., Bar‐Haim, Y., Pine, D. S., & Silverman, W. K. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.004 · Cited by 33
“ABM is the translational treatment implication of these theoretical models and the extensive evidence supporting these models (MacLeod & Clarke, 2015; MacLeod et al., 2002).”
MethodHilland, E., Landrø, N. I., Harmer, C. J., Browning, M. D., Maglanoc, L. A., & Jonassen, R. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.180118 · Cited by 36
van Deursen, D. S., Salemink, E., Smit, F., Kramer, J., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-674 · Cited by 37
“Attentional bias is assessed and trained using the visual probe task [16,33,34].”
MethodPanitz, C., Keil, A., & Mueller, E. M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52315-1 · Cited by 34
A systematic review of event‐related potentials as outcome measures of attention bias modification
Carlson, J. M. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13801 · Cited by 34
The malleability of age-related positive gaze preferences: Training to change gaze and mood.
Isaacowitz, D. M., & Choi, Y.-S. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021551 · Cited by 33
“…in fact, we do find evidence for some malleability in gaze for both age groups in our paradigm, which is based on the premise that dot-probe attention training can transfer to other aspects of regulationrelevant emotional processing (Wadlinger & Isaacowitz, 2008; see also MacLeod et al., 2002).”
Cognitive Control Functions in Unipolar Major Depression with and without Co-Morbid Anxiety Disorder
Lyche, P., Jonassen, R., Stiles, T. C., Ulleberg, P., & Landrø, N. I. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00149 · Cited by 37
“Cognitive control embodies the ability to organize incoming stimuli and inhibit a dominant response in order to perform a subdominant response (MacLeod et al., 2002).”
Extended testing with the dot-probe task increases test–retest reliability and validity
Aday, J. S., & Carlson, J. M. (2018) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-018-0886-1 · Cited by 35
Attentional bias to threat and emotional response to biological challenge
Nay, W. T., Thorpe, G. L., Roberson‐Nay, R., Hecker, J. E., & Sigmon, S. T. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.08.003 · Cited by 35
Clarke, P., Chen, N. T. M., & Guastella, A. J. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0025592 · Cited by 36
Kim, Y., Oh, S.-M., Corfield, F., Jeong, D.-W., Jang, E.-Y., & Treasure, J. L. (2014) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.160 · Cited by 33
Yen, Y.-C., Mauch, C. P., Dahlhoff, M., Micale, V., Bunck, M., Sartori, S. B., Singewald, N., Landgraf, R., & Wotjak, C. T. (2012) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.04.009 · Cited by 31
Attentional bias mediates the effect of neurostimulation on emotional vulnerability
Chen, N. T. M., Basanovic, J., Notebaert, L., MacLeod, C., & Clarke, P. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.008 · Cited by 33
Self-citationAttention bias modification reduces neural correlates of response monitoring
Nelson, B. D., Jackson, F. L., Amir, N., & Hajcak, G. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.059 · Cited by 32
“Attention bias modification was designed to target vulnerability to anxiety disorders (Amir et al., 2008; MacLeod et al., 2002), and the ERN has been associated with risk for anxiety disorders (Carrasco et al.”
Sandre, A., Ethridge, P., Kim, I., & Weinberg, A. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0559-z · Cited by 33
Attentional bias modification reduces clinical depression and enhances attention toward happiness
Dai, Q., Hu, L., & Feng, Z. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.024 · Cited by 33
The neurobiological presentation of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
McVey, A. J. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2063 · Cited by 32
Irie, T., Yokomitsu, K., & Sakano, Y. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223310 · Cited by 37
Cognitive bias modification for depression
Koster, E. H. W., & Hoorelbeke, K. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.012 · Cited by 36
Antidepressant drug action: a neuropsychological perspective
Harmer, C. J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20680 · Cited by 33
“a bias environment interaction is needed).([13]) In simple terms, a cognitive bias may be viewed as some kind of filter for how we process emotional information but which does not directly affect mood itself.”
BackgroundComparing visual and auditory presentation for the modification of interpretation bias
Standage, H., Ashwin, C., & Fox, E. (2009) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.07.006 · Cited by 31
Heeren, A., Philippot, P., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.012 · Cited by 31
Attentional Processing of Faces in ASD: A Dot-Probe Study
Moore, D., Heavey, L., & Reidy, J. G. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1449-4 · Cited by 31
Do Highly Test Anxious Students Respond Differentially to Fear Appeals Made Prior to a Test?
Putwain, D. W., & Best, N. (2012) · Research in Education · doi:10.7227/rie.88.1.1 · Cited by 31
“However, from another point of view, people who are highly anxious are more likely to have their attention drawn to threatening objects and information and fi nd it more diffi cult to disengage their attention from such stimuli (e.g. Keogh and French, 2001; MacLeod et al., 2002).”
BackgroundLiu, P., & Pérez‐Edgar, K. E. (2018) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-018-0092-5 · Cited by 36
Yeung, E. S., & Sharpe, L. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10012-3 · Cited by 31
Longevity of attentional bias modification effects for food cues in overweight and obese individuals
Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., & Hollitt, S. (2015) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2015.1077251 · Cited by 31
Engel, S. G., Robinson, M. D., Wonderlich, S. J., Meier, B. P., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Steffen, K. J., & Mitchell, J. E. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.12.002 · Cited by 33
Specificity Effects in the Modification of Interpretation Bias and Stress Reactivity
Mackintosh, B., Mathews, A., Eckstein, D., & Hoppitt, L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.025711 · Cited by 34
“Following MacLeod et al. (2002) participants were presented with a series of anagrams of common English words to solve.”
MethodTravellers’ Tales in Cognitive Bias Modification Research: A Commentary on the Special Issue
Fox, E., Mackintosh, B., & Holmes, E. A. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9604-1 · Cited by 34
“Around this time, two other CBM studies also appeared (e.g. Grey and Mathews 2000; MacLeod et al. 2002).”
BackgroundClerkin, E. M., Magee, J. C., Wells, T. T., Beard, C., & Barnett, N. P. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.010 · Cited by 32
Heitmann, J., van Hemel-Ruiter, M. E., Vermeulen, K. M., Ostafin, B. D., MacLeod, C., Wiers, R. W. H. J., DeFuentes-Merillas, L., Fledderus, M., Markus, W., & de Jong, P. J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1359-2 · Cited by 33
“By presenting these probes distally from the target stimulus, it is hoped that participants will come to attend away from this category of information [35].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFlow and Information Sharing as Predictors of Ethical Selling Behavior
Guda, S., & Lyngdoh, T. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3743-8 · Cited by 32
The role of attention in the relationship between early life stress and depression
Mao, Y., Xiao, H., Ding, C., & Qiu, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63351-7 · Cited by 31
Lalovic, A., Wang, S., Keilp, J. G., Bowie, C. R., Kennedy, S. H., & Rizvi, S. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.007 · Cited by 33
A review of attentional bias modification trainings for depression
Guo, L., Cai, X., Yang, Q., Cui, Q., Huang, L., Jing, X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14022 · Cited by 29
Cognitive Bias Modification: An Intervention Approach Worth Attending To
MacLeod, C., & Holmes, E. A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11111682 · Cited by 36
Self-citationLi, H., Wei, D., Sun, J., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01354 · Cited by 29
“The dot-probe task was used to measure attentional bias toward negative stimuli (MacLeod et al., 2002) of individuals with SubD or NC.”
MethodBockstaele, B. V., Verschuère, B., Houwer, J. D., & Crombez, G. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.04.001 · Cited by 30
“This might be due to the limited number of training trials in our study compared to other studies using attentional retraining procedures (e.g., MacLeod et al., 2002).”
ResultSubliminal attention bias modification training in socially anxious individuals
Maoz, K. B., Abend, R., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00389 · Cited by 32
“In addition, studies with non-clinical highanxious participants show that ABM training typically reduces stress vulnerability in the face of lab-induced (Amir et al., 2008; Bar-Haim et al., 2011) or real-life (See et al., 2009) stressors.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBaumert, A., Schmitt, M., & Perugini, M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.016 · Cited by 37
Anxiety and Attentional Processes: The Role of Resting Heart Rate Variability
Forte, G., Favieri, F., Oliha, E. O., Marotta, A., & Casagrande, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11040480 · Cited by 29
Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods
Casey, R. A., Naj-Oleari, M., Campbell, S., Mendl, M., & Blackwell, E. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97743-0 · Cited by 29
Salemink, E., de Jong, S. R. C., Notebaert, L., MacLeod, C., & van Bockstaele, B. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101727 · Cited by 25
Self-citationAlfieri, A., Unterhuber, V., Pircher, M., Schwarz, A., Gazzeri, R., Reinert, M., & Widmer, H. R. (2008) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2008.109.12.1019 · Cited by 29
Learning to Attend to Threat Accelerates and Enhances Memory Consolidation
Abend, R., Karni, A., Sadeh, A., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062501 · Cited by 29
“Further, attention to threat can be altered via training protocols that implicitly modify attention patterns [27,28].”
BackgroundReinecke, A., Soltau, C., Hoyer, J., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.010 · Cited by 28
Grafton, B., Watkins, E. R., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2011.578066 · Cited by 39
Self-citationSass, S. M., Early, L. M., Long, L., Burke, A., Gwinn, D., & Miller, P. (2018) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2018.12.002 · Cited by 31
Personality and Information Processing
Baumert, A., & Schmitt, M. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1850 · Cited by 29
Threat facilitates subsequent executive control during anxious mood.
Birk, J. L., Dennis, T. A., Shin, L. M., & Urry, H. L. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026152 · Cited by 31
Hilland, E., Landrø, N. I., Harmer, C. J., Maglanoc, L. A., & Jonassen, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00508 · Cited by 27
Baumert, A., Otto, K., Thomas, N., Bobocel, D. R., & Schmitt, M. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1844 · Cited by 28
Moran, T. P., & Moser, J. S. (2014) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0314-7 · Cited by 37
Flexible attention deployment in threatening contexts: An instructed fear conditioning study.
Shechner, T., Pelc, T., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027072 · Cited by 34
What Checkers Actually Check: An Eye Tracking Study of Inhibitory Control and Working Memory
Harkin, B., Miellet, S., & Kessler, K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044689 · Cited by 29
“For example, using an attentional modification training (AMT; [69]) paradigm, Najmi & Amir [70] attempted to reduce attentional bias to threat and approach behaviors to feared objects in subclinical OCD participants.”
MethodGeneralized implicit fear associations in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Reinecke, A., Becker, E. S., Hoyer, J., & Rinck, M. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20662 · Cited by 34
“Recently, many researchers have begun to develop re-trainings of biased cognitive processes such as attention([53]) or interpretation,([54]) in an attempt to identify the causal role of these processes as well as to augment existing therapies.”
BackgroundAttention training to pleasant stimuli in anxiety
Sass, S. M., Evans, T. C., Xiong, K., Mirghassemi, F., & Tran, H. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.003 · Cited by 28
Aberrant Gaze Patterns in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Eye Movement Assessment during Public Speaking
Chen, N. T. M., Clarke, P., MacLeod, C., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.040313 · Cited by 34
“consists of the presentation of a number of probe response trials which encourage the deployment of attention away from threat (MacLeod et al., 2002) or towards positive stimuli (Grafton, Ang, & Macleod, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationNishiguchi, Y., Takano, K., & Tanno, Y. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.092 · Cited by 30
Thoughts on Experimental Psychopathology
van den Hout, M., Engelhard, I. M., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.045115 · Cited by 32
Induced optimism as mental rehearsal to decrease depressive predictive certainty
Miranda, R., Weierich, M. R., Khait, V., Jurska, J., & Andersen, S. M. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.011 · Cited by 28
Huppert, J. D., Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Strauss, A. Y., Elizur, Y., & Weiss, M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.002 · Cited by 30
Fox, E., Zougkou, K., Ashwin, C., & Cahill, S. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.001 · Cited by 28
“This is a particularly pertinent point given the rapid development of attention bias modification (ABM) techniques designed to alter the habitual deployment of attention to threat-related information in high trait anxiety (MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002).”
Attention Bias to Emotional Faces in Young Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Swartz, J. R., Graham‐Bermann, S. A., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Monk, C. S. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.573525 · Cited by 28
“And, as discussed previously, research on healthy individuals suggests that altering attention biases through attention training can lead to changes in levels of anxiety (Eldar et al., 2008; MacLeod et al., 2002).”
BackgroundLancee, J., Yasiney, S. L., Brendel, R. S., Boffo, M., Clarke, P., & Salemink, E. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174531 · Cited by 27
Hang, Y., Xu, L., Wang, C., Zhang, G., & Zhang, N. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113892 · Cited by 29
Cognitive processes predict worry and anxiety under different stressful situations
Feng, Y.-C., Krahé, C., Koster, E. H. W., Lau, J. Y. F., & Hirsch, C. R. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104168 · Cited by 33
Botelho, C., Pasion, R., Prata, C., & Barbosa, F. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108475 · Cited by 29
Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients
Wiers, R. W. H. J., Pan, T., Dessel, P. V., Rinck, M., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2023) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2023_421 · Cited by 31
Abend, R., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614526571 · Cited by 33
Notebaert, L., Grafton, B., Clarke, P., Rudaizky, D., Chen, N. T. M., & MacLeod, C. (2018) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/10993 · Cited by 30
“Moreover, studies that have manipulated patterns of attentional bias (using attentional bias modification [ABM] procedures) have shown that attentional bias causally contributes to anxiety vulnerability, as a change in attentional bias produces a consequent change in anxiety vulnerability [3,4-6].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationNicotine decreases attentional bias to negative-affect-related Stroop words among smokers
Rzetelny, A., Gilbert, D. G., Hammersley, J. J., Radtke, R. C., Rabinovich, N. E., & Small, S. L. (2008) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200802097514 · Cited by 27
Van Bockstaele, B., Salemink, E., Bögels, S. M., & Wiers, R. W. (2017) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1092418 · Cited by 26
Rumination Moderates the Effects of Cognitive Bias Modification of Attention
Hall, K. A. A., & Joormann, J. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9581-9 · Cited by 26
“For example, most studies have assessed change in attention biases using the dot-probe task (e.g., Amir et al. 2008; Baert et al. 2010; MacLeod et al. 2002; Wells and Beevers 2010).”
BackgroundMethodHerrington, J. D., Maddox, B. B., McVey, A. J., Franklin, M. E., Yerys, B. E., Miller, J. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.009 · Cited by 26
Lechner, W. V., Sidhu, N. K., Kittaneh, A. A., & Anand, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.017 · Cited by 38
Depression and affective flexibility: A valence-specific bias
Wen, A., & Yoon, K. L. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103502 · Cited by 29
Clinical efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions
Blackwell, S. E. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30170-x · Cited by 26
The Reliability and Validity of Response-Based Measures of Attention Bias
Meissel, E. E. E., Liu, H., Stevens, E. S., Evans, T. C., Britton, J. C., Letkiewicz, A. M., & Shankman, S. A. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10212-w · Cited by 26
Working Memory, Test Anxiety and Effective Interventions: A Review
Mowbray, T. (2012) · The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2012.16 · Cited by 26
Nishiguchi, Y., Takano, K., & Tanno, Y. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0039117 · Cited by 29
Hudlická, E. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801851-4.00016-1 · Cited by 27
The causal role of selective attention for thin-ideal images on negative affect and rumination
Dondzilo, L., Rieger, E., Palermo, R., & Bell, J. (2018) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.07.006 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- ORCID
- MacLeod, Colin
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-123
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2122758649
- Cited by
- 1,334
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 32.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attentional bias, emotional vulnerability, selective attention, negative emotions, dot-probe task, stress reactivity, causal mediation analysis, cognitive bias modification
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Attention, Female, Humans, Male
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
