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Cited by 1,851Workaholism, burnout, and well-beingJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorRecreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management

Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work.

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Sonnentag, Sabine·2003·Journal of Applied Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
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Abstract

This study examined work-related outcomes of recovery during leisure time. A total of 147 employees completed a questionnaire and a daily survey over a period of 5 consecutive work days. Multilevel analyses showed that day-level recovery was positively related to day-level work engagement and day-level proactive behavior (personal initiative, pursuit of learning) during the subsequent work day. The data suggest considerable daily fluctuations in behavior and attitudes at work, with evidence that these are related to prior experience and opportunity for recovery in the nonwork domain.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518

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6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Motivational outcomes of work engagement include being proactive and taking initiative, setting a high bar, feeling competent and striving for quality, and displaying helpful behavior, friendliness and being cooperative.

    “Motivational outcomes include being proactive and taking initiative (Sonnentag 2003; Hakanen et al. 2008; Salanova and Schaufeli 2008), setting a high bar, feeling competent and striving for quality (Bakker 2011), and displaying helpful behavior, friendliness and being cooperative (Babcock-Roberson and Strickland 2010; Bakker 2011).”

    From Work engagement in health professions education (2017) · cites this paper as Sonnentag 2003

  • Many questions relating to how we can get less drained during work hours are still not answered.

    “Although some questions are answered relating to recovery and work-life balance (e.g., Sonnentag 2001, 2003), many questions relating to how we can get less drained during work hours are still not answered.”

    From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Sonnentag 2003

  • Persons high on proactive behavior are more inclined to take charge, overcome barriers and deal proactively with demands.

    “Persons high on proactive behavior are more inclined to take charge (Morrison and Phelps 1999), overcome barriers and deal proactively with demands (Frese and Fay 2001; Sonnentag 2003).”

    From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Sonnentag 2003

  • Recovery after work has a positive effect on work engagement the next day, and in turn on taking initiative and pursuing learning goals at work.

    “A study among 147 employees of six public service organizations showed that recovery after work had a positive effect on work engagement the next day, and in turn taking initiative and pursuing learning goals at work (Sonnentag 2003).”

    From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Sonnentag 2003

  • Proactive behavior is related to work recovery.

    “Research has shown that proactive behavior is related to work recovery.”

    From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Sonnentag 2003

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Authors
Sonnentag, S.
Affiliations
Technische Universität Braunschweig (DE)
Corresponding author
Sonnentag, Sabine
ORCID
Sonnentag, Sabine
Venue
Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2003
Volume
88
Issue
3
Pages
518-528
ISSN
  • 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1854
DOI
10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
OpenAlex
W2123821623
Cited by
1,851
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 57 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 103 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 107
FWCI
16.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Keywords
recovery, leisure, work engagement, proactive behavior, personal initiative, workplace learning
MeSH terms
Cooperative Behavior, Humans, Leisure Activities, Psychological Theory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Work, Reproducibility of Results

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