A comparison of delivery methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: an international multicenter trial
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the psychological treatment of choice for panic disorder (PD). However, given limited access to CBT, it must be delivered with maximal cost-effectiveness. Previous researchers have found that a brief computer-augmented CBT was as effective as extended therapist-delivered CBT. To test this finding, this study randomly allocated 186 patients with PD across 2 sites in Scotland and Australia to 12 sessions of therapist-delivered CBT (CBT12), 6 sessions of therapist-delivered (CBT6) or computer-augmented CBT (CBT6-CA), or a waitlist control. On a composite measure, at posttreatment, the outcome for CBT 12 was statistically better than the outcome for CBT6. The outcome for CBT6-CA fell between CBT12 and CBT6, but could not be statistically distinguished from either treatment. The active treatments did not differ statistically at 6-month follow-up. The study provided some support for the use of computers as an innovative adjunctive-therapy tool and merits further investigation.
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EMI have encouraging results for reduction of anxiety levels.
“reduction of anxiety levels (85)”
From Mobile intervention for individuals with psychosis, dual disorders, and their common comorbidities: A literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
Digital CBT delivered as guided or unguided has the highest retention rates and best outcomes when involving some type of collaboration with a therapist or coach.
“Digital CBT can be delivered as either guided or unguided with the highest retention rates and best outcomes involving some type of collaboration with a therapist or coach.29–33”
At follow up in that panic disorder study, the three active treatments did not statistically differ in reducing symptoms relative to control, but treatment gains were sustained.
“At follow up, the three active treatments did not statistically differ in reducing symptoms relative to control, but treatment gains were sustained.”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
Although EMI and face-to-face CBT combined was more effective than receiving no treatment for panic disorders, EMI did not enhance face-to-face CBT, there being no significant difference between 6 weeks of CBT with and without EMI.
“Although EMI and face-to-face CBT combined was more effective than receiving no treatment for panic disorders, EMI did not enhance face-to-face CBT, there being no significant difference between 6 weeks of CBT with and without EMI. 39”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
Two of three studies did not find EMIs to be associated with a reduction in the required number of face-to-face psychotherapy sessions for panic disorders or social phobia.
“Two of three studies did not find EMIs to be associated with a reduction in the required number of face-to-face psychotherapy sessions for panic disorders or social phobia. 39,41”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
In one panic disorder study, 6 weeks of individual face-to-face CBT with EMI including psychotherapy and self-monitoring was effective in reducing panic symptoms relative to a waitlist control (d = 2.00 at post-test).
“Although the 6 weeks of CBT (with EMI) was effective in reducing panic symptoms relative to a waitlist control ( d = 2.00 at post-test)”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
In that panic disorder study, 6 weeks of CBT with EMI was not significantly superior to 6 weeks (d = 0.43) or 12 weeks (d = −0.23) of CBT without EMI.
“the 6 weeks of CBT with EMI was not significantly superior to 6 weeks ( d = 0.43) or 12 weeks ( d = −0.23) of CBT without EMI.”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
One of the four studies that examined TA interventions found EMIs to significantly reduce anxiety symptoms relative to controls.
“Finally, one of the four studies that examined TA interventions found EMIs to significantly reduce anxiety symptoms relative to controls. 39”
From Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Kenardy, J. A., Dow, M. G. T., Johnston, D. W., Newman, M. G., Thomson, A., & Taylor, C. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- NHS Fife (GB)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1068-1075
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2082084765
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- papers.ssrn.com
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, panic disorder, computer-assisted therapy, brief psychotherapy, treatment duration, adjunctive therapy, treatment efficacy, follow-up outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Desensitization, Psychologic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Personality Inventory, Psychotherapy, Brief, Software, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Computers, Handheld
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