The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates.
Abstract
Analyse factorielle des raisons invoquees par 342 etudiants pour rendre compte de leur temporisation dans certaines tâches universitaires, apres un examen de la frequence d'un tel comportement
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“Este fenómeno no es reciente: investigaciones que datan de los años 80 ya mostraban que la procrastinación no se limitaba a un problema de hábitos de estudio o manejo del tiempo, sino que era una compleja interacción de factores conductuales, afectivos y cognitivos(Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From Uso de redes sociales y procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática (2023) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Several outcome measures have been proposed and are often implemented when investigating the prevalence of procrastination among students and the adult population, most notably the General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986), the Adult Inventory of Procrastination (Steel, 2010), the Decisional Procrastination Questionnaire (Steel, 2010), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon & Rothb”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Conservative estimates indicate that at least half of all students habitually procrastinate tasks that are important to them, such as reading for exams, writing term papers, and keeping up with weekly assignments (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Pychyl et al., 2000; Schouwenburg, 2004; Steel, 2007).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“For example, when applying the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), one prominent dimension turns out to be aversiveness of task.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Other research, focusing on planning, has demonstrated that individuals tend to underestimate the necessary time it takes to complete tasks (the planning fallacy; Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; Kahneman and Lovallo, 1993) and to prefer longer deadlines when allowed to choose (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“an early study reported peer influence to be a possible, yet not very frequent reason for procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Trait procrastination and perfectionism are each known to have consequences for academic performance (e.g., Rice, Richardson, & Ray, 2016; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
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“While differences exist when defining academic procrastination, a commonly accepted definition understands academic procrastination as a behavior of unnecessarily delaying academic tasks to the point of causing a sense of psychological malad-aptation (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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“Rates of 30% and 30.1% were reported in studies by Ozer et al. [21] and Solomon and Rothblum [22], respectively.”
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“The APB is not only a lack of work habits or time management but also a complex construct with cognitive, behavioral and affective dimensions (Solomon &Rothblum, 1984).”
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“…related to the inability to manage time appropriately (Azizi, Soroush, and Khatony 2019; Heyam 2014), with fear of failure (Abdi Zarrin, Gracia, and Paixão 2020; Burka and Yuen 2008; Solomon and Rothblum 1984) or feelings of rejection or aversion to the task (Steel 2007; Solomon and Rothblum 1984).”
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“19,20 It is an avoidant behavior often accompanied by negative emotions such as anxiety.”
BackgroundPredictors of Performance in Introductory Finance: Variables within and beyond the Student’s Control
Englander, F., Wang, Z., & Betz, K. (2015) · Higher Education Studies · doi:10.5539/hes.v5n4p119 · Cited by 5
“Steel’s (2007) meta-analysis of this research considered 553 possible analyses and winnowed those studies down to 216 separate research efforts. Steel’s (2007) review of the literature reveals that estimates of the proportion of college students who procrastinate ranges as high as eighty to ninety-five percent. Three-…”
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Academic Procrastination and the Effect on Students' Results for ICT Students
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“There is a consensus among researchers that procrastination is not generally behavioral such as avoiding or delaying tasks, but has cognitive and emotional dimensions (Ferrari, 1995; Milgram, 1991; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Watson, 2001).”
BackgroundThe Relationship Among Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Academic Procrastination in Students
Einabad, Z. S., Roshan, F. J., Roshan, R., & Ghasemzadeh, M. (2019) · Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/zjrms.68450 · Cited by 6
“PASS consists of 18 items.”
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PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA FKIP UNIVERSITAS RIAU
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“According to Solomon and Rothblum (2005) types of academic tasks that are usually postponed include the following: a. Writing, is a delay in carrying out activities related to writing assignments.”
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Rebetez, M. M. L., Barsics, C., Montisci, T., & Rochat, L. (2022) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1115 · Cited by 9
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Hubungan Antara Self-Regulated Learning Dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa
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“The current study used the 44 item Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS; [36]), and is considered the most widely used international scale for academic procrastination (see [16]).”
MethodFortalezas del carácter, malestar emocional y procrastinación académica de estudiantes de Psicología
García-Álvarez, D. D. J., Galiz, D., & Peña, H. (2023) · Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación · doi:10.17979/reipe.2023.10.2.9847 · Cited by 5
Acceptability of Nudge in Digital Learning Environment
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“For example, the fear of failure (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), perfectionistic concerns in task completion (Xie et al., 2018), and poor self-control over immediate gratifications (Steel, 2010a).”
Tian, L., & Heppner, P. P. (2018) · International Perspectives in Psychology · doi:10.1037/ipp0000081 · Cited by 6
“The GP-S has been positively correlated with another well-established procrastination scale (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) and has low correlations with social desirability (Lay, 1986).”
MethodThe Influence of Self-Control, Self-efficacy, and Depression on Procrastination of College Students
Jongun, K., & 양민정 (2013) · The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling · doi:10.35151/kyci.2013.21.2.012 · Cited by 5
Infante, G., Rey-Baltar, A. Z., & Echeazarra, I. (2019) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v36i36.60515 · Cited by 6
“Dos años más tarde, Solomon & Rothblum (1984) presentan el Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS), la escala de procrastinación académica más utilizada hasta la fecha, para la detección no solo de sujetos procrastinadores sino para identificar posibles áreas de atención ante una…”
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“For example, the important role of metacognition has been described in previous studies (Balkis & Duru, 2019; Fernie et al., 2017; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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“La PA se refiere a la acción de retrasar voluntaria e innecesariamente la realización de tareas al punto de experimentar malestar subjetivo (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Steel, 2007).”
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藤田, 正. (2005) · Cited by 5
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“연구자들은 미래에 발생할 수 있는 피해나 주관적 불편감을 개인이 인식하고 있음에도 불구하고 해야 할 일을 불필요하게 미루는 행동을 지연행동 (procrastination)이라고 정의하며, 미루는 행동의 본질을 이해 하려고 시도해왔다(Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Steel, 2007).”
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“As described by Solomon and Rothblum, procrastination can be triggered by numerous factors [32], but the most prevalent is task evasiveness.”
BackgroundPengaruh Academic Self-Management Terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa Kelas XI SMK PGRI 1 Gresik
Apriliani, N., Wicaksono, A. S., & Amelasasih, P. (2022) · PSIKOSAINS (Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Psikologi) · doi:10.30587/psikosains.v17i1.4565 · Cited by 7
“Seseorang yang memiliki perilaku menunda-nunda ini disebut juga dengan prokrastinator (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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Investigating behavioral patterns of procrastinators in a Wiki-based activity
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“Hence, the term academic procrastination or student procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984 ; Beswick et al., 1988 ) was coined and is defined as “to voluntarily delay an intended course of study-related action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay” (Steel & Klingsieck, 2016 ).”
BackgroundA New, Easier Method for Classifying Types of Procrastination
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College Students’ Academic Procrastination Behavior and Its Impact on Academic Performance
Shi, X. (2023) · Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media · doi:10.54254/2753-7048/12/20230816 · Cited by 7
TOLAN, Ö. Ç. (2023) · Journal of Computer and Education Research · doi:10.18009/jcer.1332329 · Cited by 4
“Different studies emphasize that the tendency of problematic academic procrastination among university students is between 70% and 95% (Steel, 2007), and the rate of chronic or severe procrastination is between 20% and 30% (Ferrari et al., 1995; McCown & Johnson, 1991; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundAbdalla, S. Z. S. (2022) · Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] · doi:10.53542/jass.v12i2.4894 · Cited by 4
Martinie, M., & Shankland, R. (2023) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2023.2287907 · Cited by 9
“We used an 11-item validated French version (Osiurak et al., 2015) of Solomon and Rothblum (1984)’s Academic Procrastination Scale.”
MethodPersonalized Agent-Based Procrastination Suppression System
Higashi, T., Esaki, K., Watanabe, M., & Mukawa, N. (2023) · Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3638380.3638449 · Cited by 4
“There tends to be less procrastination when performing tasks with others compared to when working on a task alone [14, 37], which is attributed to the psychological motivation that arises from individuals monitoring one another and the desire to avoid inconveniencing the rest of the group [27, 40].”
BackgroundGadosey, C. K., Turhan, D., Wenker, T., Kegel, L. S., Bobe, J., Thomas, L., Buhlmann, U., Fries, S., & Grunschel, C. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06719-6 · Cited by 4
“Furthermore, although procrastination itself encompasses behavioral and emotional components (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), past studies have often focused on the behavioral component and neglected the emotional component of procrastination (Bobe et al., 2022).”
Ibili, G., Tree, J. J., & Gürlük, Y. O. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318845 · Cited by 8
“Procrastina-tion is described as not only an issue of time management, but rather a complex interaction of behavioural, cognitive, and emotional components [3,4].”
InfluentialZhang, H., Shen, Y., Xu, L., Cao, L., & Chen, L. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03275-7 · Cited by 5
Rhodes-Stanford, M. (2007) · USF Scholarship Repository (University of San Francisco) · Cited by 4
Dejavniki akademskega odlašanja: vloga perfekcionizma, anksioznosti in depresivnosti
Kranjec, E., Košir, K., & Komidar, L. (2016) · Psihološka obzorja · doi:10.20419/2016.25.445 · Cited by 13
Modèle théorique hypothétique du perfectionnisme des étudiants universitaires
Finn, K. (2017) · Revue de psychoéducation · doi:10.7202/1039159ar · Cited by 7
Putri, K. A., & Sawitri, D. R. (2020) · Jurnal EMPATI · doi:10.14710/empati.2018.20174 · Cited by 4
Ranđelović Dušan, J., Vujicic, M., & Nikolić, G. (2019) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp191014141r · Cited by 5
Procrastination, perfectionism, and locus-of-control in academic settings
Pearlman-Avnion, S., & Harduf, R. (2019) · Special School · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.1973 · Cited by 4
“Others stress personality traits such as SZKO£A SPECJALNA 2/2019, 108–123 109 low self-confidence, low self-esteem, high levels of self-doubt, fear of failure, locus-ofcontrol (LOC), and perfectionism (Ferrari, 1992; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundERTELEME DAVRANIŞININ ÖNCÜLLERİ OLARAK DIŞ KONTROL ODAKLILIK VE ROL ÇATIŞMASI: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Güğerçin, U., & Korkmazyürek, H. (2020) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1409 · Cited by 4
“Genel olarak başarısızlıktan korkma, mükemmeliyetçilik ve endişe gibi unsurlar, ertelemenin sebepleri olarak ele alınmıştır (Milgram & Toubiana, 1999; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Zarick & Stonebraker, 2009).”
InfluentialYulianto, A., Dahriyanto, L. F., Wijayanti, R., & Wisnumurti, P. A. (2020) · Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS) · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.200824.251 · Cited by 4
“Solomon & Rothblum (1984) [9] suggested that academic procrastination is a tendency to delay in starting or completing tasks as a whole to do useless activities, so that performance is hampered, never completing tasks on time, and often late in attending meetings.”
BackgroundGallegos, W. L. A., & Rivera, R. (2019) · Educationis Momentum · doi:10.36901/em.v4i1.182 · Cited by 4
Effect of Achievement Goals in Procrastination Tendencies of College Students
MORALES, R. A. (2021) · Cited by 4
Durgun, H., KALYONCUOĞLU, B., & Avcı, A. B. (2021) · İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi · doi:10.33715/inonusaglik.837511 · Cited by 4
Procrastinación Académica en Estudiantes Universitarios de una Institución Pública
Cárdenas-Mass, P. M., Marín, G. D. J. H., & Molina, E. C. (2021) · Revista RedCA · doi:10.36677/redca.v3i9.15806 · Cited by 4
Iswara, I. S., Baihaqi, M., & Ihsan, H. (2021) · Journal of Psychological Science and Profession · doi:10.24198/jpsp.v5i2.29660 · Cited by 4
“Perilaku prokrastinasi akademik ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal dan faktor internal (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Qualitative Study among Self-Identified Perfectionists and Procrastinators in Academic Tasks
SALTÜRK, A. (2021) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.22.26.9.2 · Cited by 11
“Studies show that students prefer more desirable activities such as watching TV, sleeping, and spending time with family and friends (Pychyl, Lee, Thibodeau, & Blunt, 2000) to academic tasks such as writing a term paper, preparing for the exam (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialZhou, X., Wider, W., Wu, H., Xu, Y., Qin, M., & Borromeo, A. S. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106168 · Cited by 4
She, Y., Klimczak, K. S., Levin, M. E., & Liao, S. N. (2024) · Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1 · doi:10.1145/3626252.3630805 · Cited by 3
Uso de redes sociales y procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática
Schult Reátegui, N. E., & Bejarano Álvarez, P. M. (2023) · Revista peruana de investigación e innovación educativa · doi:10.15381/rpiiedu.v3i1.24035
Metadata
- Authors
- Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- ORCID
- Rothblum, Esther D.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 1984-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-509
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2000089174
- Cited by
- 1,788
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- academic procrastination, university students
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